Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    FILE - 20210921 - 140348 - tài liệu on

    Uploaded by

    Đỗ Quang Trung

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    FILE - 20210921 - 140348 - tài liệu on

    Uploaded by

    Đỗ Quang Trung
    10 views46 pages

    Original Title

    FILE_20210921_140348_tài liệu on

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    10 views46 pages

    FILE - 20210921 - 140348 - tài liệu on

    Uploaded by

    Đỗ Quang Trung

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 46
    CHUONG 1: LINH KIEN DIEN TU 3m din va tinh chat vat ly ul ém vé chat bin din, cite ving nding licgng ctia chat rdin tinh thé. Cu trie nding long coa mdt nguyen ti dée vd nha s® bj uy bin thin 3 mire kh haw 6 dang cae mite ri rgc. Khi ching lién 3 viing viing nang lwong nh sau: a Chit edch dign Chit ban dan Chat din dign Hinh 1.1 Cdu tric ving ning lugng va phan loai theo tinh dan dign cia chit ran tinh thé = Ving hod tri: tét ca cde mite nang ung déu bj chiém chd, khong edn mire ning ugg ty do, Tuomg img véi hat nhan nguyén ti. + Ving din: Cée mite ning lung cbn bé tréng hay chi méi bj chiém chd mgt phan. Tuong img véi cae dign ti lop ngoai cing, = Vang cém: khéng tin tai mite ning Iugng nio. Twang tmg véi cic l6p dign ti bén trong. Mito chénh Iéch nang lugng gia ving dn va ving hod tri duge goi 18 mee ning ems lien két,e6 Ky hiu IA Ep v6i don vi tinh electron-Volt (eV). Tuy theo gi tr etia Ey ma ngudi ta chia chat rin tinh thé ra Zim 3 logi theo tinh dn dign nur sa: + Chit cach dign: Ey > 2eV. + Chat bin dan thuing: 0 Eg sé mang dig Hinh 1.4 Sy hinh thanh cp hat dan trong bén dan thudn. Nhu vay dé chat bén din thudn c6 kha nang dan dign thi phai kich thich mé: god lim hon mite nang lugng lién kt: Exy> Ey tH phi kichthich mgt ming long cia dign trutng tgo thinh dong dign, ©. Chdt ban dn tap logi n. Khi pha tron céng nghé chit ban din thudn (hoa ti vi tap cht 6 hoa tr 5S (ah arse - As: photphe ret Sb...) thi trong, méi ign kétd6i hod ti gita ehdt 3g. thudn véi tap chat, méi nguyén tir tap chat s@ bi dw oe 6 véng ngodi khong tham ia vio mdi lién két d6i h ee nén lién két yéu véi hat nhdn, tr thanh dién 1p ty fat a 0 lo, do dé 2 Scanned with CamScanner oa. or cit din tap login 1a chat din dign Nhur vay hat din chi yéu trong oh jam nén duge goi 1a bin dan n (am mr dim ~ ney ich im i {finda s6 trong bain dn tap loai n(n bs n fi ce dign tie ty do mang dign 1 neve) tT hat li dsb, Ng i hat mi vin vii ndng d tap chit pha tron. n Khéng hoan toan tinh khi Do chat ban dain thi cho nén ton tai ede hat dan mang dién 4. Ban dan tap loai p. Khi pha trdn céng nghé chit ba ; Gaye 5 Papen rth! ann Li wis vei tgp cht 08 hod tej 3 (nw shom Sn eae ‘oO “ vecthi trong méi lién két 43! 08 ir gia chi bin ie ie “ vei tap che, <5 nguyen tir tap chat sé bi thidu 1 dign tir 3 > hg ving ngoai dé tham gia vito moi ign két d6i hod ti cho nén ® o& dang nhdnr-dign tir tudo dé trung ho’ vé-dign, ted thinh 1 trong tur do mang dign tich duong va o6 khd nang din dign. \ @ - Nhu vay hat din da s6 trong cae chat ban dain tap loai p 7 116 trong mang dign tich duong nén duge goi la bin dn tap Jogi p (duong ~ positive) 4 nong d9 1a pps edn hat dan thiéu sé 1a ede dién tir tyr do mang dién. tich am cé ndng 6 la n,. 7 it pha tron. Trong chat ban din tap Logi p nidng dQ hat dn thiéu s6: pp >> Mp. Nong d@ cia 15 tring ty 1¢ voi ndng dé tap el thi nng 46 hat dn da so Jon hon rat nhiéu lan so v 1.1.2. Mot sé hign tuegug vat lp trong gap. a. Hign neong fon hod nguyén tie La hign turgng tgo 1a cée ep hat din ty do hay 1a su chuyén doi mire nfing Iwong cla ote cap hat dln khi ¢6 ning lung kich thich tr bén ngodi d6i v6i ed bin bin dan thudn va ban din tap. 6 trang thai can bang thi tich cia ndng d6 cp hat dn La mt hang s ny = constant. piu nay cé nghfa 1a viée ting ndng dé cia loai hat din nay Iuén kém theo voi vige gidm ndng dé tuong img cita Logi hat dan kia. b. Hign tuong tdi hop ctia cdc hat din La hign tugng tai hgp cdc hat din dé trung hoa vé dign_nguge Iai v wong ion hod nguyén ti, te lit hign tuomg mat di ede cBp hat dén 8 dura hg ve trang thai can bang méi. cctia hat din trong dign trudng tring, hat din ty do chuyén dng dinh huéng c6 gia téc voi ong d6 dign truémg E: E (ddu am chi chiéu ding dign nguge voi chiéu dign cc. Chuyén dong gia toc Duéi tac dung cia dig vin tdc trung binh ty 1¢ voi = Véi dign tit ty do: vinn = Hr: trang; tH d6 Tinh dng eta dign ti), = V6i 15 trdng: voy = BoE (chiéu ding dig inh dong cia 16 trong. fin tap duge ché tao tit Gee n tring voi chidu cia dign trudng; Wp ft 49 smani thi p= 3800em°/V.s Vi dy vi cde chat ban di i dy voi cde Va lp = 1800em"/V.s 2 Scanned with CamScanner d. Chuyén d6ng khuéch tén etia cde hat dir Néu c6 sy chénh Iéch ndng d@ theo khong gi dng tir ving c6 néng dé cao sang ving cb nong theo chiéu gidm ctia néng dé hat dan. t dn sé c6 hign tong chuyén, fee n an th ofc 1g khuéch tin s® giam, 46 thap. Mat 40 don: 1.2 Tiép gidp P-N va didt bin din 121. Tiép gidp P-N Khi cho 2 miéng bin dan tap khéc loai (p vi n) Hep ine thanh mét tiép gidp P-N nhw hinh 1.5. Tiép gidp P-N li co sO ca ban dan. i nhau sé hinh &p xiic cing nel : ay ic tinh kign 0 cha hau oe © Dign sk ty do “ o Lb tring ca Erx Erx Hinh 1.5 Sy hinh thanh tiép gidp P-N Qua trinh hinh thanh tiép giép P-N duge gidi thich nhur sau: Do cé sy chénh léch néng d6 hat dan rat lén git hat din da sé eta mién nay véi hat cn lei cho nén khi duge tiép xiie céng nghé véi nhau, cdc hat din sé tong khuéch tn va tai hgp: nti én N s8 8 at chuyén dong khuéch tén sang mién P dé trung hoa (tdi hop) vai 15 tréng 6 mién P, do dé 6 ving tiép gidp sé xay ra trudng hg ign tir te do nén tich dign duomg (+); + Phia bin P sé bj thira dign tir ty do nén tich dign am (-). yy & viing tigp gidp sé hinh thanh mt dign trong hudmg tit N sang P goi ld di truing tigp xtc (Erx) 6 tée dung ngin cin sy chuyén dong khuéch tén ca dign tir tyr do tir ban N sang ban P. Chinh vi vay ma né cdn duge goi la hang rio dign thé, __ Hign tung Khuéch tan hat din sé chdm dit khi trudng tiép xtc dit Ion, 6 didu kign tidy chudn thi Erx ¢6 gi trj nh sau: 7 - Voi bin dan tap duge ché tao tit Geemani: Exx = 0,3V. = V6i ban din tap duge ché tao ti Sic: Eq =0,6V.” id tri niy con phy thuge vio néng dé cia chat bin dn tap va nhiét 4 méi trudng. 1.2.2. Tiép gidp P-N khi cé dign tring ngoai ; Trang thai cdn bing déng ctia tiép xtc PN sé bi chi ta dat mét dign truéng ngoai lén hai diy gidp. Ta goi dé la tiép giép duge phan eye: a. Tiép giép P-N khi duege phan ewe thuén Néu ta dat mot trudmg ngoai (Eng) o6: = Cye (+) vao ban Ps = Cye ) vao bin, _f Nhwhinh ve: Scanned with CamScanner Liic nly ta thay dign trudg ngoai cé chidu nguge véi hing rio dign thé do dé no cd tae dung thu hep hang rio dign thé tim gidm kha nding ngin edn suc chuyén dong gia toe etia cde hgt din tie 1a c6 ding dign thud (1y) eh ip giip P-N. Khi gid tri dign truimg ngoai vuot qua. gid tr] dign trrdng tip sic thi hing rio dign thé bi bién mat do d6 dong dign thugn sé tang rat nhanh, b. Tiép gip P-N Bhi duege phan ewe noe Néu ta dit m6t dign trudng ngodi Ey.) ¢ = Cye -) vio bin P; = Cye (+) vito bin N, t ee ‘ Khi dé dign trudng ngoa i c6 chiéu cing voi chigu cia hing rio dign thé do d6 06 téc dung ma rong hing rio dign thé, gia tang kha nang ngan cénsy chuyén dng. gia téc ciia cdc hat din cho nén khong od dong dign nguge chay qua tiép gidp P-N. Tuy nhién, do tn tai hat dan thi rat ho cuu t6n tai dong dién nguge c6 gid tri rat nhd chay qua. Di-6t ban dan. tao & ky higu Di-ét ban din duge edu tao tn co s& ota mot tiép gidp P-N, ban, cue P duye gin mot dign cye goi Ia a-nét (A), ban cye N duge gin mat dign cue goi la ke-tOt (K). Tiép duge hinh thinh bdi 2:loai tiép xiic co ban: én tich tiép xtic 2 don tinh thé lon + Chuyén tiép m: + Chuyén tiép diém: Dign tich tiép xtic gitta 2 don tinh thé nho. Chuyéa tiép A z K I Tiép dim Kihigu va mét 86 dang thyc 18 Tiép mat Hinh 1.6 Cau tao, ky higu_ va mot s6 dang thu té ca di-dt b. Nouyén If lam vige va die tuyén von-ampe cca di-dt ban din nhwr mot van din dign mot chigu, trén co si cita Neuyén ly Jam vige mot tiép gidp P-N: = Khi duge phan cuc | din dign (do tiép gi dén Katét cs ok : i ¢ nguge: Anét cé dign thé thap hon so vai Katot, tiép gidp P-N durge praa Lae ethong ob dang, dign nguge chiy tr Katét dén Anot. Tuy al cing hw ai Gi tinh chat cia tiép gidp P-N, do t6n tai hat din thigu s6 trong chat bin atv ap vino nén tOn tai dong dign nguge Clax) o6 gi tH nho va tang dan theo bién d§ cia trudmg nguge. thuan: A-ndt 6 dign thé duong con Ka-t6t 6 dign thé am, di-dt p PN duge phan cure thun) c6 dong dign thud Lax chay tir Anét Scanned with CamScanner 5 atrén hioh sa ype cua didt ban dfn duage mo 14 HER Dc tuyén von-am) = ign dp dénl 5 thing Ua) es \ [eee eve Hin 1.7 Die tuyén V-A cua idt ban din ang nhur sau: a He ener gy dign trvimg Unk wot qua at tri dign din ng ‘shan theo dign trudmg thun (+Uax), ng: ving IL 1a ving ding dign_nguge n inning ngurac Uka- t = Ving I goi 18 ving phan eve en trutimg tiep xite (Erx) thi 45% Vang phin eye nguge duge chia bam 2 vt (lax) 66 gi tri rdt nhd va tng dan theo gid 1 trxong nguge Uxa dat t6i mot git tr wud lon sé xay ra hién twong phong dign Ving HI goi li ving dénh thing: khi gi déng dign nguge dot ngot ting i la Usa), cute d6 din truéme qui lon ign cue danh thing tiép gidp P-N Ie do sidp. gitta 2 ‘manh lam hong, ¢. Mét s6 tham sé Kj thudt ign ap nguge cye dai —hay con goi la dign 4p daénh thing: Ua Déng dign thudn oye dai cho phép [ncaa 18 gid tri dong dign thudn Ién nhat cho phép s6 Ién nhat cia dign ap trén hai dau diét hoc dong chiy qua didt ma didt van dim bao tinh chét van mot chiéu. = Tin s6 gidi han fina: 1a = Dign dung tiép gip Cax: la gid ti dign dung khong mong muén do didt c6 cau tao nhur mét tu dign. Dign dung nay sé lam han ché tn s6 t6i han cia didt. 4, Phin loai didt ‘idt duge phn logi theo mt sé tigu chi nhur trong bang 1.1 Theo dic diém cu tao Dist tigp mat; Didt tigp diém ‘Theo vat ligu bin din Diot Silic; Biét Geemani ... Theo tan sé gidi han (f:) ‘u hao Theo céng suit sudt Diéttin sé thép; Didt tin s6 cao Didt ods - vy ‘ 1 Hot cng suat trung binh; diét cOng sudt nho va didt cng suat lon ‘Theo tinh chit img dung dic biét Di6t On ép; diét bién dung; dist LED; didt tunel ... Bang 1.1 Phan loai didt Scanned with CamScanner en ap neue Thee Tika thi toan bd sy diéu nay 0 ie 96 dign JP NBUGE CYC dai cig Jpn ap on dinh (Usa) cho nén dit Seeh on ap tham s6. KY higu cia digt es gid va duge goi la git ti Facet dige #91 18 diot én dp va duge sir dung lam cic ne va mach dign dn dp ding di6t Zé-ne duge vé nhir x Bo a as be | t= tee Hinh 1.8 Ky higu, dang va ma 4 Dibt bién dung Varicap dung cia didt én ap Do edu tao cita didt 1a mot tiép gidp P-N cho nén khi duge phan ege 7 3 rong nhue mt ty dign v6i 2 ban eve ta 2 mi cia tu, chat dign méi chinh la hang rio ign the. Khi thay 461 gia tr] trudng nguge thi bé day (A) ciia hing réo dign thé bi thay déi cho nén, gid eS tri dign dung cla né C= oan cfing thay ddi theo. Nhu vay, diét khi duge phan cye nguge sé la mot dign dung bién déi_ theo gid tri ella truong nguge (-Ugx). Cée diét duge cu tg0,cho inye dich ny duge goi la didt bién dung hay cdn éutge goi la didt Varicap véi dang thyc 16, ky higu, dae tuyén dign dung va so dé mach ting dung nhur sau: CF) Ire 5 4 Une ©) a mien \ “Kw ve A—bIELK Hinh 1.9 Dang thye té, ky higu, dic tuyén dign dung va so dé mach (mg dung bién dung duge sir dyng dé lim cdc ty dign ign déi bing dign dp thay thé cae ty ‘ign bign di biing co hoc o6 nhiéu nhuge diém. 4 Didt phat quang—LED (Light Emission Diode): A thudin chay al ire xa anh sing Khi c6 ding dign t a abu GaAs; GaP; GaAsP. Tosi phat. |} nhat dinh ‘hu hong ngoai, xanh dé vang... va c6 ky higu gan Scanned with CamScanner én sang str dung nj on cde nguon sang sur dung ning an mei nh jo danh sich 86 6. ia; quang pho rat he, an LED 14 logi dén méi nhdt bd sung vio dan Se aac or da hep, oat ‘a. trong hi dén LED phat ra anh sing abin th) 0 gan LED xanh €6 phi dage thye Pi Tog subi tho tir 40.000 a ti é "A g”. Dicu nay ching ¢6 thé {go ra "anh sing trang”, | yy ¢ Wi i tho. 0 photpho hay dai mau dd-xanh da troi-xanh yo dng trong nbiéu ane dung chiéy I di duge $ 100.000 gid ty thuge Vv; sing, bao gom bién bio 16i thost, én tin higu giao thOne «~~ & Di-6t cam qu : La logi didt c6 kha ning h sang. K ‘ga (Khi 6 cata chat bin din nhay quang s® xay ra hién tugng ion hi aa gi tro cit ih sing ting) va tdi hop (khi eurong d6 dnh sng gid) ra fnh sing chigu , a tigp gidp thay dBi, Sy thay d6i niy phy thude vie euoME CP Ta theo, vio photo diode va lim ding nguge chiy qua photo diode Didt cam quang ¢6 ky higu nhur sau: «4, adi quang dién. Didt cm quang durge sit dung trong t ur edie b6 bién dO; quans hye té nht 1.3 Transistor hrdng hat (BJT — Bipolar Junction Transistor) 13.1. Cau > Ae diém chu tao, phan logi va kp higu 7 poe _, auge cau 20 boi 3 miéng ban din Transistor ludng hau y.. eon duge goi IF * tap khdc logi ghép xen ké nhau nhu ... * Je Jac Hinh 1.10 Cau tao cia transistor ludng hat (BJT) Voi cae dic diém cau tgo nhu sau: Lép ban din tap bén ngoai cé bé day Ién nhat va néng 6 tap chat (M9/p,) cao nhat duge gin mét dign eye goi la cye phat (Emicter) c6 ky higu la E. - Lép ban dan tap 6 gitta c6 bé day rat mong (um) va néng d9 tap ché gin mdt dién cue goi la cue géc (Baser) cé ky higu 1a B. - Lép ban dan tap cén lai cé bé day va ndng d tap chat trung binh duge gin mot dié: cue goi la exe gép (Collector) cé ky higu li C. : we eens - Hinh than hai tiép gidp P-N 1a Jpg va Inc. Voi dic diém céu tg0 nhur trén cho nén transistor s® c6 2 loai a PNP vA NP! - Logi PNP duge goi la transistor thun véi cdu tric va ky higu nhu & hinh 1.11 (a). - Logi NPN duge goi ld transistor nguge véi cdu tric va ky higu nhu 6 hinh 1.11 (b). it thdp duge Scanned with CamScanner | ' c P| Pp 2 | Fl Qo. Ca alee aa rm ‘ | v) Pm ite TRANSISTORPINOUTS" | ‘Transistor thufin (PNP) Hinh 1.11 Phan logi theo edu tao, ky 13:2. Mguyén Ip Ham vig vi cée dang eiia transistor luémg hat BIT pé feanetae lam vige duge nhu mét phin tir diéu khién hode khuéch dai thi: + Tién «: jit duge phan eye thugn va; ~ Tiép gidp Jac phai duge phan cue nguge. __Vénguyén Ij Lam vige cia cd 2 Logi transistor eo bin déu gidng, hau, chi, khac nhau vé loai hat din tu do 1a dién. tit (NPN) hay 16 tréng (PNP), ching ta chi xét ey thé cho m6t logi: vi dy véi logi NPN. + Dudi téc dung cha dign trudng phn eye thugn Use céc hat din da sé (¢) tir mién E sé 6 at chuyén dong gia ing mién B tao thinh dong dign emicter (Te). Do mig baser 6 nag 46 tap chat rét nho, cho nén chi mot phan rat nhé cde dign tir tir emicter sang ti hop duge voi 18 trong & mién baser tao thanh dong baser (Ip) c6 owong d6 rét nhd, Phin In c6n Tai cha ede dign tir yr do tip ai tgp gidp Inc. = Mic di tiép gidp Inc duge phan eye nguge nhung do bé day cia mién baser 14 rit méng va bén canh dé 1a trudng gia t6c 66 gid tr) én: Uce = Uce + Une (hai nguén phan cize ndi tiép nhau) cho nén cd dign tir vin dé ding vugt qua tiép gidp Jpc sang, mign collector tao thanh ding dign collector (Ic). _ Khi thay déi gid tri dign trugng phan eve thugn Une thi se Jam thay déi mét lwong hat din rat I6n tir mién E chuyén > Io dong qua mign B, Tuy nhién, do mién B eb nong do rat fe thdp cho nén s6 Iugng hat din tai hop & mign B dé tao thinh dong Ip sé thay d6i khong ding ké do d6 né sé lam Is thay di lin Iueng hat din igo thinh dong collector (Ic) pidu nay 6 nghia 1a 6 thé ding dong dign nhé (1p) dicu khién dong dign 16m (Ic) va day chinh la nguyén tic 1am vige cia transistor. 1.3.3. Cae edch mie transistor va die tuyén von-ampe Do transistor o6 ba oye la By B va C, theo quan diem mang 4 eye (hai du vio vd 2 dau ra ching ta sé c6 3 cach mic transitor Ky tén theo cy chung nhau gitta dau vio va dau ra, 6 14 E chung; B chung va C chung. a. Mac kiéu E chung Scanned with CamScanner = @ e sn khao sat cac ho die tuyén VA Transistor mie E chung (2) VAMC emaeid Hn 12 Taito TE de 0 tosh me Ka nig a sen ge gol ' vo vb 16 dea oO enc CUTE BO sat dc tuyen von-ampg aa ne a kien a fo “iong dign vi dign dp trons a4 pe vi ampe ké dé kiém tra of vA de A an ciia mach, Cac ho dic tuyén duge thé hign tren hi ky B Do @ ) . Hinh 1.13 Ho dic tuyén vao (a) ra (c) va dc tuyén truyén dat (b) cia transisor mic OF vio: bigu dign méi quan hé phy thudc gia ding dién vao Ip véi dién ap ign dp Idi ra Uce khong thay 46i. Is = F(Use)\Uce = const. Ung voi mdi gid tr] cua dign ap ra ching ta c6 mot during di dung dc tuyén vao sé lép thanh ho dc tuyén vio nhur duge mé ta trén hinh 1.13a. tuyén vo, tip hgp ede ‘Dc tuyén vao cla transistor mic E chung giéng nhu dic tuyén von-ampe cia didt bin Uce khi dign ap hay déng dign 16i vio Une/Ip khdng thay ddi: Ic = f(Uce)\ln = const. Dic tuyén ra cia transisor mic EC duge mé ta trén hinh 1.13c. : Tuong ty nhu véi ho dic tuyén vao, img véi mai gid tri cla did é Tuc h fe tuyén vio, img gid ti cla dign dp hofic ding dié vio ta o6 mot duimg dic tuyén ra, tip hgp ede duing dic tuyén ra sé 14 P thin ho de yen ra lim 3 ving: ua a Hong dig ra vao dign dp ra Ue va o6 tinh tuyén tinh, I niy transistor lam viée nhu mét dign tre thudn serpent ce Ne CO tind tuyen tinh, Iie nim phia dudi diém A. Hén tro thuin nén thong khong sir dung, Ving nay ~ Ving Il: ding dign ra it phy thuge vio dign dp ra ma ch hay dign 4p I6i vio, transistor lim viee nite mot phen a yéu phu thuge vio dong sign ‘ MY g0i 1a viing lim vige. Ving nay nim 6 gitta diém A va diém B 10 Scanned with CamScanner Ho dite tuyén truyén dat: biéu digm mdi quan b _ ao Uae bode dong dign vao Ty img véi mot id tri kee F(Ip/Upe)\Uce = const. phu thuge gidta dang dign ra To vai dig iat dinh cia dign ap Idi ra Uc. tuyén trnyén dat cita transistor ¢6 thé duge xi é ie tuyd Sa aera ge xdy ding trén ho dic tuyén post 214 tr] bat ky cia dign ap ra Uce = X (Vén) nhur hinh 1.13b. ra cua nd khi Mie kidu baser ching - ay (a3 = = = (@) Hinh 1.14 Transistor mic B chung (a) va mach khao sat céc ho dic tuyén VA (b). - Léi vao gitta Eva BB - Léira gitaC va B Ca ldi vo va 16i ra déu cé chung eye B nén goi I mac kiéu baser chung hode OB. +V, chi dién 16i 4p vao Urge; V2 chi dién dp 1éi ra Uca + A, chi dong dign 16i vao Te; Ao chi dong 4ign Idi ra Te © Ho dac tuyén vao: Ip = f(Uep)\Uce = constant * Ho dic tuyén ra va dac tuyén truyén dat: + Dic tuyén ra: Ic = f(Uce)\le= constant + Dgc tuyén truyén dat ke Tense | Uan2Uom Uc} | Vows | ean Binh thing i= |___________» cy 0 ® ® © Hinh 1.15 Ho dic tuyén vao (a) ra (c) va die tuyén truyén dat (b) ciia transisor mic OB. . Mée VA (b). W Scanned with CamScanner Cie ho dic tuyén cia mach mic kidu C chung dug Ib 1.3.4, Cite tham sé k§ thugt co ban mic kiéu baset chung hoge OC. n Ca 16i vio va Idi ra déu c6 chung cue Cnén gol Cie ho die tuyén VA: ~ Ho dae tuyén vio: - Ho dic tuyen ra: — Ho die tuyén truyén dat: le = Ip = {Unc)\ Uec = const p= f{Urc)\ ts = const = fills) Uce = const age thé hign trong fi nh sau: Phd] — pee eo © (@) (e) ; : ees ne ier Oe eae = Dang tigu tan cye dgi: 1A ding dign collector Jn nhdt ma chua lim héng transistor: Temax- Céng sudt tiéu tan eye dai: 14 cng suat tiéu hi hong transistor: Pomax- Dién dp chju dymg ln nhat gitta cde eye ciia trans H@ s6 khuéch dai ding dign: ao Ién nhat sinh nhiét trén collector lam ior: Upes Uca; Uce. ich mic kigu emieter chung: B = ¢ (c6 gid trj lon NOO) 7 + V@i mach mic kiéu baser chung: a= ue (cé gia tri xdp xi bing 1) 5 + Méi quan hé gitta a va B: i dole=Ic+ Ip. 1.4 Vin dé phiin eye va 6n djnh nhigt cho transistor Cie khdi nigm co bin Ad. a. Duémg (ai tinh va diém céng tac tinh During ti ih du trén luge vé trén ho dic tuyén ra cia mot transistor trong mot mach mic cp thé nio 46, vi dy ho dge tuyén ra cia mach méc kiéu E chong nh hinh 1-18 Khi cho ngin mach 2 diu C va E t én dh bole 'a &} ding dign dau ra (Ic) dat gia trj lon nhdt fa Khi cho ding I= 0 (ho mach emicter dign dp ngudnedp: Uce= Urn 2B“ AP Mi ra dt gi tj Kim mht chin Néi hai diém trén véi nhau chin 1g 1a C6 mot dudmg thing goi g thing goi la duimg ta ig tai nh. 12 Scanned with CamScanner Hinh 1.18 Duong tai tinh eta transi: wong t i tinh ding dé nghién edu méi quan hé gitta cde dong dign voi cde dign dp cla gansistor hi né durge mic trong mat mach cu thé ndo do. piém -cong tie tinh hay cdn goi 1a diém phan eye 1A oe xc dinh bi mbt dudmg dge tuyén ra img véi mat gid ti nhat dinh cia ding dign hay gn 6p phan cue. Diem cong téc tinh P 1a mt toa d duge xéc dinh bang 3 gia ti cua dong igen vi dign Sp phiin exe tinh m@t chigu ey thé nu hinh 1.18 la: _ Dong dign tinh dau ra Teo. _ ign dp tinh dau ra Uceo va ~ Dang tink daw vao: Ipo. Cée phurong php tao ra cée gid trj ddng dign va dign Ap tinh dé xée dinh diem cong tac tah P duge goi la phan exe tgo diem cdng tie tinh cho transistor. b Hién trong mat én dinh do nhigt a6 va ydn dé én dinh diém cong tac tinh Do chit bin dain cé hign tugng ion hod va hign tong tai hyp do nhigt, cho nén Khi nhigt dp mai trumg thay d6i sé din én s6 lugng hat din cing thay d6i theo tire 1A cdc gi tri dong dién va dign ap tinh trong mach dign sé bi thay Gi. Digu nay sé dan dén diém céng téc tinh P khéng con nm ding vi tri thiét Ema sé bj dich chuyén trén dudng tai tinh am gdm chi tiéu cat Iurgng cia mach dign. Hign tuong nay durge goi 18 hign tong mat 3n dinh do nhigt d9 hay cdn duge goi la hign tong (51 diém céng tac tinh do nhigt, Hai dai lrong nhay cam véi nbi et 49 cha transistor 1a dign Ap Une va ding nguoe Tes: 4 Khi nbigt d6 un transistor ting Lam cho dong nguge Tea ting din dén ting dong Te wa cang Tam cho nhigt 49 trén transistor tang gay nén higu img qué nhigt gy dén hhign tugng tri diém céng tic tinh thm chi c6 thé lim bong transistor. + Sy thay di cua nbiét thay d6i va din dén hi d6 cing lam cho Upe thay 3i va do dé ciing lim cho dong Ie én tugmg trOi diém cong téc tinh. trong hai dai lng noi trén thi dnh hudmg cia dng nguge Ico én dong Ie nhigu hon so véi dién dp Use. Do dé nguis ta dinh nga hé s6 én dinh nhigt cia transistor theo biéu Al thie sau: $= 7 Do d6, hé s6 dn dinh nhiét cing nhé thi tinh én dinh nhiét cing cao. cw 14.2. Cac phicong phap plan cue cho transistor. a. Phan exe bang dang ed dinh (plucong phép ah dong) ‘Theo khai nigm vé diém cong tée tinh, muén phin eye hay xae dinh duge diém céng tic Tinh P cho BIT ching ta phai hi dit 2 yeu tO: Scanned with CamScanner ang tai tinh va; eat é xc dinh due atone h vis ip va dign tra tai de es hg die tuyén ra, DiGu AY 66 ghia rom ne hig I. iia dong dieu khien — 6 p duge goi la phuong pha : ‘ aj wong pha diem en bing, dién tro Ro cu thé cho A Ngudn cung 4 Xe dinh dirge die tuyén ra phai sic dinh mot gid tr) eu the inh ding tinh Ino d& xe Vide xt phin eye bing dng ¢6 dink. Dong tink Inn dive % logi NPN hur hinh sau; ris En Ro fo FRct rs to : ) ~ ran 119 Phin ee bing do din 7 Use| E Ve | ‘Ap dung dinh lugt Kirchofching ta ¢6 thé tinh duoc dong phan oye nhur sau: iA tri thép (0,2V~0,7V) tay thude vao phir ye thugn nén Upe 66 si : 1g ding, Une khodng ~0,7V. Do dé ior. Vi dy véi Si 14 logi thubn: Cie gid tr ding dign va dign dp odn Iai eta diém c6ng téc tinh P durge xée dink: Us0 Phan eve bing dng cé dinh ¢é ; - hoi tiép dong dign (a) hoc | I ~ hitiép die 4 bi véi mach phan eye hai tig a “aoe oa z we hoi tgp dong dién (a) chiing ta cé thé ti ih E,IpRut Uye + Tey =LypRyt Use + ae a ot Un: + BHI Re = aes BR, =LalRy + BHR, ]+Uge Ry+@*DR, (Cie gid tri ding dign va dign dp cm lai cia did + Too= Blow len = (B#1) tng Ucta = En — leo ~ a lcoRc ~ Tene = B, BlooRe ~ (B+1) 1 IboRe, Scanned with CamScanner « qhigt dO trén BIT thay di sé 1A gna mi 3IT thay ddi sé kim cho cae gid tri da pin 29 mach hdi tiép am nén cé tic dite Cf oe ding dign etia n6 thay d6i theo. vay 1g giit cho diém cong tie tinh it bi trdi Khi = O mach phan eye khong con hai tié hnhur hinh 1.19, mach phan i . -pautng hop Ri ang dong cO mach phan eye héi tiép dign & a tgRet lwRot Unt laRes Voi T, Elo ee TaRys Voi Tey “tent hy = (BH) yy. Thing, thing, Abi gee BI e985 HON OT) nbc hE cote dng xe “hp 60 + No co E,=TeoRet lat Unet IeoRe = BlyRet ly Ryt Upet BlpgRe va , E,- Ups ee © RS BRR) Cie gid tri dong dign va dién ap cin Iai cita diém cong tic tinh P duge xdc dinh tuong ty dong Ino- Doi voi mach phiin ewe 06 hoi tiép nhu hinh (b) thue cl ng dign nhu hinh (a) véi dign tr& phan ove 6 di tigp dign ap ly tir cue gop cdyia téc dung én dinh nbigt s® eao hon so véi mach (@). ta sit dung két hop cd hoi tiép . Chinh vi h Phin ewe kiéu phdn dp Sir dung mech phan ap ding 2 dign tro c6 hi ép dang dign nhu sau: 1 w @ inh 1.21 Mach phan cye kidu phi theo djnh ly Thev Jin dp (a) va so d6 trong duong, ‘Thevenin (b) Sir dung so d3 tuong duong fenin (hinh 1.21b) ta cé thé tinh duge gid tri cia dong tinh Tpo: Uy= Ibo Ru + Une + leo Re Uy U, = 1,- stm wm RA HBHDR, po.Rig + Use + (Bt1)-I50.Re ‘Tir gid ti dong tinh Io néi trén ta c6 tinh. ge tit ed cae gid tri dong dign va dign ap cbn lai cia diém céng tac tinh P: + Ico= Blao Ucen = Bn — IcoRe ~ leoRe= Es 143. Cae phucong phap on dink nhigt cho transistor pi cho diém céng tée tinh khong bi dich chuyeh hai vj trt hidt KE dung cée phuong phap on dinh hiét hay cdn goi i ede phurong phiip on dinh d tinh, Co hai phuong php On dink nhigt cho transistor, 6 Na: = BlpoRe ~ (B+ )IeoRe ngwrdi ta phat s cong tic 15 Scanned with CamScanner an mét chiéu va + Phuong phap sir dung phan hoi am thinh phan mét cht + Phuong phdp bi nhigt. C6 thé két hop ca hai phyrong phip trong trudmg hi 1m, gi nbigt d6 thay di rong. a. Phuong phap sit dung phan hdi dm thank, phn 1 chieu ___©6 thé sir dung phan hdi am dong dign hode ign Ap hdi tiép di néu 6 myc 1.4(2) ndi trén. Tuy nhign, dé dim bao chi hii tiép am 1 xoay chiéu cia ché d6 dng bang cc tu ngan mé 1gp transistor lam vige véi cong suit anus d6i v6i ede mach phan eye o§ hanh phin mot chiéu thi phai logi bé phan héj ach nau hin vé: a : ne COE Ber SR, Re me : L a — Os * Rte o mT CE Hinh 1,21 Mach én éjnh niet sit dung phin hdi dm dong dign mot chiéu logi bé hoan ton phiin hii xoay chidu (a), lai bé mt phn (b) vl logi bd toan phn. phan hoi am dign ép(c), = Dign we Re ly dign dp phan hdi theo dong phan cye tinh Igo: Uro = leo.Re 6 thé due chia ta 2 dign te li Re: vi Ree trong trong hgp chi loai b} mot phan phin +hdi xoay chiéu nhu hinh 1.21b. = ign tré phan cue Re ldy dign dp phan cue phan hd dign ap duge chia lim 2 dign 11d 1d Roy va Reo tgo diém mic ty Cp, = Tudign Cp va Ca Igc bé thanh phin xoay chidu trén cde dign ted phan oye nhim trénh hoi tigp am cd thinh phan tin higu (xoay chiéu). = Cé&c thinh phan dign tré khdc thuge mach phan cy tao diém cdng tac tinh. Nguyén ly dn djnh nhiét d6 cia mach duge giai thich nhur sau: 4 Véi mach sit dung phan hdi dng dign (a) va (b): Gia sir nhigt dO trén transistor do mt nguyén nhan nao dé ting lén thi cdc déng dién tinh cia transistor cling ting, trong 46 c6 déng tinh Io. Digu nay sé din dén sut ap trén dign trd Re 1a Uso tang. Mat khéc ching ta da biét dién ap diéu khién cia transistor chinh la dién ap git 2 eye B va E (Use) cho nén theo dinh ludt Kiechoff 2 ta ¢6: Uney = Ung — Usa = Unn~ Upo. Nhu vay khi Ve {ang sé lam cho Usen gidm. Theo méi quan hé cia ede dc tuyén von- ampe ciia transistor, diéu niy cé nghia téc dung cba mach dign sé la Dara aa iim vé gid tr] thide ké, ech dita sé lim cho cfc déng dia tnh Khi nbigt d6 trén transistor gidm thi qua du khid A ie ce sim thi qué trinh didu khign sé nguge véi trudng hop nhiét ‘Nhu vay mgch dign trén cé tac dung én dinh diém Ong téc tinh khi nhiét d6 thay doi. +. Voi mgch sir dung phan hdi &m dign dp (c a7 ___ Gia sir nhigt dO én transistor do mot nguy dign tinh cua transistor ciing ting theo, trong 46 e6 d nhin nao d6 tang 1én fam cho ede dons long dign tinh Ico, Sy gia ting dong nay 16 Scanned with CamScanner atti dign dp tinh & dau ra (U, cho se diy ceo = En — lonRc) aim xudi i ung cdp dong dign tinh & 16i vao (I .c) gid xuéng, b hee re ain ee ong a anu 16i vao (Ig) cho nén te Mae Hae nguge lai tite 1a Fling gidm theo. Truimg ee ace awe lh ee ign e6 tae dyng én din ‘i Re aia ee a dung dn dn diém cng tie tinh khi wit dO thay ‘ai iad Bi noe bit mhige sir dung mot didt co tham sé gidng tig : 5 cage Kieu dinh &p nhu hinh 1228 va toe gidp Ine cha transistor durge mic trong mach Hinh 1.22 Mach dn dinh nhigt sir dung phuong phép ba hig Nguyén ly on 0, thi Ues thi di 6 kénh din ndi gi lan lam tang dong méng slop, Néw dig tring Vos ag, hat in cho Ups thi s& tyo thinh dong n sé thu hit edie Ip. Ché d6 niy u dign trrimg Uss 6 cye tinh dim, trie Ta Ucg<0, an ch {én tir tr do & kénh din ra khoi kénh din ve ¢ “Haye goi li che : é dona goi ming In Ce 0 an bat bi trj nao dé thi toan = 0). Cling nhur d6i gid tri nay i JF 1g (ID w ng cin dong dig ip clit Uase hrge thé hign trong hinh 1.32: Ip vén-ampe cla MOSFET kénh din cé sin dt Ving gitu Ino} $$ Uos= ov Ving nghéo EAS Uns “Wes: es Hinh 1.32 Dic tuyén ra va dc tuyén truyén dat cia MOSFET kénh din cé sinn __Ngodi nhimg ving nhur d&i woi MOSFET kénh din cim tg thi MOSFET kénh dn 06 sin cén dugc phan-thém lam 2 ving nifa li ving GIAU va ving NGHEO. Diém khde nhau gia 2 logi MOSFET Ia véi logi kénh dan cé sin thi di en ip digu khién Uss lim vige duge véi ca phin duong va phan am, trong khi dé logi kénh dn cém img chi lam vige véi mét phan ciia dign 4p nay: hoc phan duong véi logi kénh dan n hode phan am ‘v6i logi kénh dan p. 1.6 Transistor md¢ tiép gisp (UJT) 1.6.1. Céu tao va dic diém céu tao Transistor UJT (Une Junction Transistor) duge edu tao trén mét phién ban dan tap loai Ncé ndng dé pha tap thap (c6 dign tré suat Ion). Hai dau duge gin hai dién cue géc la cue By va Bp : Trén phién ban dan N nguéi ta tao ra mgt ving bén din tap loai P cé ndng d6 pha tap cao (dign trd suat nh) va duge gin mot dién cue goi lA cyc phiit emicter (E). . gidp P-N duge hinh thanh gitta mién ban dan ciia cue E voi khéi ban da (Ca) 2 iila 9008 rae one cla UT ain hi ex eae ead * ofp] N E @ Js ®) © Bi -2nag70 @ onreas Hinh 1.33 Cau tg0 (a), ki higu (b), so d8 tong duong (c) va dang (d) cia UIT 2 Scanned with CamScanner Do phién ban din N cha mign baser ¢6 dign te sudt GF suat cao sé «Rav tie? P-N trong durong nhir mot di i we ten ae 1g Nhu mgt diot D chia dign tré R, omg duung nh than hai phi quyén [i hogt dong vi de tn ij nm V-A ca UIT, nt to Va so dB {tong durong nhut hinh 1.33, ching ta c6 Ut Be] . Ry hb) | #u __ jg % " i E ee ae Ue t U, v_ |B [= U_, Re = 1U pe = ® 4} uy tb lo Hinh 1.34 Cp ngudn cho UST (a) va ede dign ap va dong dign trong UIT (b) Trong trudng hop hé mach cue E ta tinh duge dign ap roi trén Rot la Lie nay ding dign chay gitta 2 eye baser dat Usa Re + Néungiin mach oye E voi By Uee 0) thi tigp gidp PN’ chua duge phan cye thugn nén chi c6 dong nguge chiy qua Rat eure E (lep = ~ Tena). = Khi ting din dign 4p Ure thi dong nguge nay giém dan vé 0 sau d6 xudt hign dng dhudn chiy qua tiép gidp va qua dign 0, Raye = Tea). Dong nay tang dan theo Us. Nu Up chua vugt qua hing rao dign thé (Ue ~ Uo = Up) thi dong nay chua gay anh hurémg nhigu dén gia tri cia dign tr Ren. || Khi Up vugt qua hang ro dign thé thi dong thudn Ie ting mgnh theo tinh chat cia tigp gidp PN sé lam xuit hign hign tong phun het dan tir mién E vio mién By lim cho dign tra Rp: gidm. Digu ny lim cho Up gidm cng lam cho tiép gidp PN cing phan cye thug manh hon vai lam cho ding Te tine, nhanh dt ng6t. Diém tang dong fot neat nay goi la diém dink (peak point) hay got tt dinb, a |, Hign twang phun hat dln tir mién E s& lim cho dong Te tng (rons. khi dign ap Ur idm [Ue = Up(biio hoa) + Uo= 0,7 + nUss] lam xuit hign ving dign tro am trong BVT, Tuy nhién dng Te chi tng dén mot gidi han mbit dink do noi rg nguon, Khi {83 dong leit Ig thus véi dign dp Us. Diém két thi wing dign wé ém nay durge goi li diém thung ling (valley point) hay got “| UST duy te trang thai phun hat cho t6i Khi dong Te gid xudng qua nhd hoje cit dong (ho mach I6i vio). Dac tyén V-A cia UST mo ta méi quan hé gia dong dign cue E voi exe By (Ur) duge thé hign nbur hinh 135, vio Dic tuyén niy duge chia Kam 3 ving theo nguyen Ij hoat dng eta UST: + Vang ts ving e6 Us Uy, hie ny hign tome phun he «, UE Vin ‘Ving cit eving oe ving bao hea -* Rmax 2 Binh 1.35 im / pac tuyén V-A cha UIT Ik | -Im Ip Ty Imax | ~50mA | Trong tring hgp UIT khong duge cép ngudn Use thi dge tuyén ctla | tuyén cia didt mac ndi tiép vai dign tro Roi. 1.6.3. Cac tham sé kf thugt + ign tré trong mién baser: Rua = Ray r nay thurong va Ke j lon nhdt khodng 100K va rit nhay c&m voi nbigt 46 méi truéng. + Bpo. Gia tri nay thug vio Khoing 7K, dat gi | + H@ s6 mhigt dign tra: +a (%6/C), thutmg khoang +0.9- | 5 Rw | + Wah dign tb tong: 9 == ee a + Dong dinh Ip; dign dp dinh Up = Upo + 1Use (voi Upo 1a dign dp mo cia tiép gidp PN — véi Ge: khoiing 0,3V, véi Si khong 0,7V. + Dang day Iy; dién ap day Uy duge tinh xp xi (~ 0,1Usp). + Déng bio héa én nhat Imax (khodng S0mA) a Scanned with CamScanner CHUONG 2 KHURCH DAL che ka ifm eo ban i 1. Khai nigm 2 oudch dai 1a Kam gia tang tin higu ve ma Ean ih id i at ning Lugng — agp be sus tn igo, mh vy ku di aes bao a ae i a es cag ak chuyén hod ning Iygng thi bin chét cia Khuéch dai ging BOO aah ti 1g Suat nh6 & loi vio dé diéu khién bién d6i nan Iugng cia nguon ats 1 chu thio fin hi e6 ming ugg on om i g Ingng cita ne Cong suat ctia tin hig dign la tich sé cia dong dign va dign ap: P Do d6, dé cé niing hrgng tin h gaint oa dong dign va dién dp, mn hon ta c6 thé gia ting bién do cia dong dién hode gia Nguyen Ip.xdy dung tang khuéch dai hur cig a 0 bt, ng IY la vgs cite Toa transistor TB sit dung fin higu 68 og svat nhd (dong dign nko hoge dign p - khéng ¢6 dong dién) I ggdigu khién dong dign mot chiéu cé gid tri lon bien déi theo quy - jpit cia tin higu dieu kl én cho nén céng sudt cia tin higu & dau rast lm hon cong suat tin higu dua vo diéu khién, Nhu vay 6 ihe sir dung transistor d& xdy dumg mot tng khuéch dai. Vi du déi stor ludng hat, tin higu dua vio diéu khién la dong dign hole higu dign thé gitta B va E (upe). Tin higu ny sé du bhign dOng diga collector (ic) ¢6 gt 16m, bt dong ic thay dai theo quy ludt bién ddi cia dun uuu Vio. Néu fing diga nay duge chay qua mgt dign tr thi trén digm tr dO $6 06 SHE fp ia tin higu va cong suat cia tin higu 6 104 ra sé 16n hon nhieu so ‘Gi cdng suit cia tin higu 6 16: vao. + Céng suat tin higu vao: Py = wiy = Useie 2 ici = ic Re + Cong suit tin higu ra: ra lén han nhiéu so vai cing suit cia tin higu vao va Do ic¢>> ig nén céng suat tin hi nhur vay transistor ¢6 kha nang khuéch d 2b3 Cae tham sd kj thugt va chi tidu chat heong ctia bp Khuuéch dai a. Hé s6 Kimiéch dai ‘La dai lugng danh gid kha ning, Khuéch dai etia mbt bi __ Dai luong ra * Dai luong vao 16 khudch dai, o6 ki higu lak: ek By ‘Theo dinh nghifa vé khuéch dai ta cb k= K,= 5% = =k,k,, do dé ta 6 3 loai hé s6 khuéch dai d6 1a: Hé s6 khuéch dai dign Ap: ku = 7 = He s6 Khu = Hés6 khuéch dai cong st 4 cdc bo khuéch dai, yeu ‘chu hé s6 Khuéch dai cang lon cing 16 25 Scanned with CamScanner b. Baie tuyén bién ag va deic tuyén bién dé - tan sd Dac tuyén bién dé 1a dé thi bigu dién quan h cia tin higu vao tai, mbt tin sé nhat dinh cia tin flo) tai mot tin s6 nao dé. Vi du dae tuyén bién 6 IKHz duge vé nhu 2.1a. f(Uvi) hofe 1, im tan tai tin. Urs x \Q ‘Viing phi Ving phi tuyén trén ; wyéndedi | /\ vinguyéah io te Ving wy sim étinsthip Ex) @ (a) vi bign ds - tin s6 (b) cba mot BO wim dai én d6 la ving tuyén tinh cang rong cng tt a én bién d6 - tin sé la dd én mé ¢ phu thude cia hé sé khuéch n bién d6 - tan sé la dd thj bigu dién mdi quan hé phy thude eve! Be M1 dai hoac bién d6 tin higu & dau ra vi tin s6 cia tin higu o dju vaokhi gitr nguyén bién dé tin higu vio. Véi mt b6 khuéch dai ti chudn, dang dif tuyén bien do t€n sO duge vere ne Ib. Qua df tuyén bién d6 - tin sé ching ta cé thé xAc dinh duge gidi thong cua bd khues 4 lai la ) kin, giGi han tin sé ma trong 46 hé sé khuéch dai hoe bién dO bj suy giam di 0,707 OF ‘Véi gidi han tan s6 trén goi la fax Va gi6i han tan s6 dui 18 finn thi gid théng cia bé khuéch dai duge xAe dinh: A Yéu clu d6i véi gidi thong cia b6 khuéch dai cng I6n cing tét. Faux — Fesine ©. Tro khéng vao va tré khiing ra 7 u, ee Jc trung cho st tigu ao tin higu Ibi vio: Zio =" AY 1B mghich voi dang tin higu vao. Do 46, yéu cdu tr Khéng vao cing Ién thi tiéu hao tin higu dau vao cing nbd. Tra khing vio di ‘Tris khdng ra dic trung cho ndi tré trong ciia ngudn tin higu & 14i ra cia bé khudch dai: u acer p A 4 =" ty Ig nghich véi dong dign ra, né dinh gid kha ning cdp dong dign cho tai cia bo in@ 6i v6i mét bo khuéch dai la tré khang ra cng nhé cang tét. Phéi hop tré khang gitra cc b} khuéch dai hoic gidta cdc bo khuéch dai higu vao va vai tai la vigc dam bao sao cho sy tiéu hao tin hiéu htu ich la nho nhat: nguén tin - Néu tre khéng vao cia b6 khuéch dai cing lén thi dong tiéu thu tin hi Aj nd. Tire 1 n6 céng dé phdi hop tré khang voi nguén tint tiga vio. tn ign vo cing = Néu tré khang ra ciia mét bo khuéch dai cing nha, khi cd in hii ji u ig ra cia mi » khi cdp ding din t ho tai su tiéu hao cia nguén tin higu ra cla 6 khuéch dai cng it, Ta nd mptn dé ph6i hop tré khang voi tai, . d. Méo tin higu ‘Méo tin higu la tham s6 danh gid tinh khéng tru iia m6 4 6 nghie TA tin higu 6 dau ra khong that sur gidng nhy tin hia ae Khuéch dai, ¢6 nghia 26 Scanned with CamScanner ee sy6otn iu ge chia ra Tam 2 log ka mé , 20 phi tuyén va méo tan sé. seo phi tuyin la ae do dudmg die tuyén bién dé khdng tuyén tinh, Neuyén nhan cia ney vi a 1 do cae dmg dae tuyén von-ampe cia cfc phan ti tao thinh mgch Khuéeh dai ma cht yeu la ei tor c6 dang khong durdmg thing (phi tuyén n) iy ra. Hu qua eiia méo phi tuyén Ka né sé lim eho hinh dang cia tin higu ra hing gidng nh hinh dang cia tin higu vao, ¢6 nghia 1a phat sinh tin sé Ia 616i ra. Chinh vi vay ma méo phi tuyén edn dugc goi Li méo dang tin hi . » Méo tin sb li méo do hg sé khuéch dai khong dé: Nguyén Wet cia méo tan s6 1a do sit dung cde phan tir 6 tham ‘sO phy thude tan sO | dung khing hoe do dign cim va dign dung ky sinh eta mach den cing nlur eva ede phan tr cu thanh mach dign gy ra. Hou qui ciia méo tan s6 la sé lam thu hep giai théng Af cia bo khuéch dai. 1d Cie ché db lam vige corbin cita phan tc Khuéch di 1g déu trong giai tin sb cong ts a Ché dé tinh La ché 4 ma phan tir Kiuéch dai chi cd cde gid tri dong dign va dién ap mot chiew ining di va d6 chin 18 oe i tri dong dign va dign dp phin eye cia diém c6ng tée tinh F. Cie git tri nay 1a Tpos Ico; Teo Useo va Uren. V tri cia digm P trén dug tai tinh quy t dink hd cng tac tinh cia phan tr khuéch dai (hinh 2.22). Ig i ; hea @o Ving cit ding © Uce Hinh 2.2 Khai nigm vé ché dé cng tée tinh cba phin tir khuéch dai __ Che gid tri nay ofing tuong img voi diém céng téc nim trén die tuyén truyén dat cba phan tir khuéch dai (hinh 2.2b), Dudmg die tuyén nay efing mang tinh chat phi tuyén va duge suy tir hg die tuyén ra, tuy nhién ob mot ving 6 gia tuong di tuyén tinh dirge goi 1 dogn ‘uyén tinh cla dic tuyén, -L Néu diém céng tic nim @ gitta dogn tuyén tinh cia dic tuyén, ta néi phan tir khuéch dai lam vige & ché d6 A véicie dic diém nhur sau: 4+ Dang tin Ic ¢6 gia tri In nén higu swat khuéch dai thap. Méo phi tuyén nhé. |. Lim vige véi cf 2 nia chu ky cla tin higu vio, “Vang tuyén tinh hep nén chi lam vige v6i tin higu vo ¢6 bién dnd. Ché d6 cng tae A thudng due sir dung dé khuéch dai nhiing tin higu c6 bién dg nho. 4 Néu diém cing tic nim 4 ngay sit géc tog dé cita dic tuy “én: Upen = 05 Ico = Temi » ta ni phan tir KD lam vige & ché dd B vai cde die diem nhu sau: Scanned with CamScanner At khudch dai cao nat. + Déng tinh Ico c6 gid trj nho nhit nén c6 higu suat khuc ere tuyé 4 Méo phi tuyén rit kim do lam vige trong doen phi tuyé ie i thtng + Chi lim vige véi mot nia chu ky cia tin higu VAO> a higu ra Alfons coe cho nén c6 thé Lam vi + Ving tuyén tinh réng gép 2 Kan so voi che 6 A cho nm bién d6 tin higu vio én. v6i ju ciia doan tuyén tinh, phét huy edie wu diém ic die diém nhu sau: ém B tic 1a diém khéi di -& Néu diém céng téc nim gitta diém A va ta ndi phdn tir khuéch dai lam vige 6 ché do AB. Ché 46 ae a = va khic phye ede nhuge diém eta ca 2 ché 49 cdg the A ¥ + Higu sudt khuéch dai cao (tuy nbién thap hon ché d6 B)- + Méo phi tuyén nhé nhu ehé dé A. + Chi lim vige véi mt nia chu ky ota tin hiéu veo; nita chu ky con lai méo Vang tuyén tinh rong nhu ché d9 B nén thich hop lim vige v6i bién 46 tin higu vao ln. Ché d9 céng tdc B va AB thudng duge six dung cho cdc mach day kéo dé két hop 2 nita chu ky clia 2 phan tir khn -& Néu diém cong téc nim bén toa d6 tire la tiép gidp BE duoc phan cye nguge, ta noi phan tir khuéch dai lim viée & ché dd C. Ché dd céng téc C chi c6 hai trang thai la transistor hod khéa hodn toan hod théng bio hia nén cdn duge goi fa ché d6 Khéa cia transistor va thuémg duge sir dung trong cde mgch khuéch dai tin tin higu xung. b, Ché a6 dong La ché d6 lam vige cita phan tir khuéch dai khi dua tin higu xoay chiéu vio dau vao. Lic nay cfc gi tri dong dign va dign ap trén phin tir khuéch dai sé thay di xung quanh gia tri phan cue ctta ché d6 cng tac tinh, Phan ti khuéch dai lam vige véi chite nang khuéch dai tin higu, ting khuéch dai cng suat trong ch dai. ép trong cic ting khuéch dai a. Khai niém vé héi tiép Héi tiép (hay goi cach khdc 14 phan hdi) 1a trich mot phn tin higu ¢ dau ra quay tro, du vao cia m6t 66 khuéch dai nhim cai thign mét vai chi chat rong ea mot ae huéch dai hay cia mt b9 khuéch dai nhieu ting nhue duge mé ta trong hinh 23: K f é é Ue K: He sé khuéch ai Khi chura 6 hdi tip K==> i {BG 8 tryin dat ota khgu hi up g = Use t UL Hinh 2.3 Khai niém vé bg khuéch dai o6 hai tiép Nhut vay mt b9 khuéch dai cé hai tip sé bao ebm 2 khau: 28 Scanned with CamScanner truyén dat la p(B va P VGi hE so khuéch dai mdi lit Ku (Ky tiép theo 3 tigu chi la theo Aer ae an dp Vi0; sch léy tin hiéu ti tans quan hg pha gitta dign ap hdi tigp vi gign dp vio; theo céch lay tin higu hdi tiép & dau ra va theo cich ghép tin higu hoi tiép vio gguvio. ‘ 4 Theo quan hé pha gitta tin higu hai tiép vai tin higu vao chu : ae yahdi Gp duon, 'p Vi tin ig vio chiing ta c6 2 logi 14 hBi tigp 4m tring pha véi tin higu vao ta co ho + Neu pha cuta tin hiéu hdi tiép nguge pha véi tin higu vao ta cé hi £ Theo céch ly tin higu h6i tigp & dau ta ching ta e6 2 logi lk hdi tgp dign dp vi hoi tig ding dign: + Néu dign dp hdi tiép duge ldy theo dign dp ra ta c6 hoi tip + Néu dign ap hdi tigp duge ly theo ding dign ra t i tiép dong dién — Z [ i K Hinh 2.4 Phan loai héi tiép theo cdc lay tin higu hoi tigp 6 Idi ra va vi dy & Theo cich ghép tin higu hdi tip voi tin higu ‘vio ching ta c6 2 logi Ia hoi tiép song song va hoi tiép nt _ Néu dién dp hdi tiép duge mic song song ‘yi dign 4p vao ta 6 HT song song. |. Néu dign ap hdi tiép duge mic néi tiép véi dign dp vao ta c6 hi i mach hai tgp cu thE thong thudng ngudi ta goi tén day di theo 8 3 cach phin Vai m logi trén, vi du: .-HOi tiép am dong dign mac ndi tiép. am dign ap mic song song 29 Scanned with CamScanner |—--u,, K Un “TL [om[ Héi tiép song song ae Ra Ey Re —“, i sich 2.5 Phan logi hai tiép theo cach ghép tin higu hoi tiép 6 16i vao va vi du . Téc dung ctia hoi tiey. 7 lam ting tinh 6n dinh (S): Hbi tiép 4m Lim gidm hé sé ix. deh dai (K) + He sb khuéch dai: K,, = 1+ + Doéndinh: S,, 1-BS (Trong dé K va $ 1a hé sé khuéch dai va d6 6n dinh khi chua e6 hii tiép). Mac di. iép im lim gid hé sd khuéch dai nhumg trong tit c& cde mach Khuéch dai tin higu (trir mach tao dao dOng ty kich) thudny sir dung hoi tiép am dé nang cao tinh én dinh mhigt eding nhu én dinh hé s6 khuéch dai vi mét s6 chi tigu kf thudt khde. . Nguge lai v6i hoi tiép am, hoi tiép duong lam ting hé sé khuéch dai_nhumg kim gim 449 Gn dinh eta mach cho nén thye 1é khong sit dung hoi tiép dm trong cde mach khuéch dai tin higu ma chi sir dung duy nhét trong céc mach dao dng ty kich vi hic dé can thiét mach dign c6 d6 mat én dinh cao mdi ty dao dong duge. 2.2 Khuéch dai dign Ap 2.2.1 Khai nigm Khi mite ning Iugng cua tin higu cin khuéch dai con 6 eid tri rét nbd thi vin d3 cain {quan tm la can phai ning bién d6 dign dp tin higu lén di Id, Do d0 cg ch dai higu vio nhé duge goi a mach khuéch dai dign ip, oe 2.2.2, Tang khuéch dai mic Emicter ch ung * a, Mach dién 30 Scanned with CamScanner ‘Hinh 2.6 ‘Tang khuéch dai mac E chung Trong do: «Phin tirkhuéch dai 18 transistor T 4 Ror Vat Roo li 2 dign tré phan eye kigu phn ap (din da oe gin tiép). 4 Rela tré tai cla ting khuéch dai. + Cr ghép tin higu & Iéi vio va phn nguon tin hieu vio eéch thinh phin DC giita ting Khuéch dai vai + on ty ghép tin higu ra tai va phan cach thinh phan mt chiéu gitta ting Khuéch dai + Co thé sir dung cée phuong phap héi tiép va én dinh nhigt dé nding cao chit hrong. oe tin higu dura vao git 2 oye la B va E; tin higu ra lly gitta 2 eye [aC vi E cho nén cd du vio va dau ra déu cb chung eye Emicter néa. goi 8 mach E chung. Thong thuimg ede dau chung nay duge noi véi vo thict bj ( mat hoge dat) e6 dign thé quy dink 18 0 von cho nén nd con duge goi la mach khuéch dai mic kiéu OE b. Nguyén ly khuéch dai Mach dign duge phén ee tgo diém ofng téc 06 ché d9 A v6i ede git dign ap va dong ign phn cue 1a Tp hod Une; Heo va Uceo- Khi dura dign 4p tin tigu cn khuéch dai vao gitia 2 eye B va E thi sé lim cho gi trj dign fp gita ching (Use) thay 46i xung quanh gid tr dién 4p phn exe Varo, dita nay 6 nghia la dong dign vio Ig cfing thay adi xung quanh gi tri Ibo din dén dong dign va dign ap 16i ra cing thay 481 xung quanh gi tr phn eve cia diém cdg tc tinh 1 ly va cen. Do dong dign ra cd gid tj kim cho nén khi mic mot dign te ndi tiép vot dong ign nay ching ta c6 bién dO dign dp tin iu ra Ién hon so voi bién 6 cia tin higu vio voi BE so khuéch dai durge xée dinh theo bigu thite: t= pReURD sky = pReHRx (trong do: Re dign tb collector; Rr Ta dint tai Ry RR, mie 6 Idi ra; Ry 1a ndi tr ngudn tin higu vio va Ry 1A dign tré vio cia ting khuéch dai va B 1a Fe eee 1 ne s6 khuéch dai dong dign cia transistor B= > 2 ¢. Clie dae diém co ban = Hés6 khuéch dai ding dign va dign 4p déu lon (ku/k = 20 ~ 100; kr = 200 ~ 5000) = ign dp ra nguge pha voi dign dp vio. = Trokhang vio 66 gia tr] nhé (<50 Ohm). = -Trerkng ra c6 git Kim tuomg dong v6i tr ten ting (KOhm), 31 Scanned with CamScanner 2.23. Ting khuéch dai mic Baser chung. a, Mach dién Hinh 2.7 Ting khuéch dai mac B chung Rey Re : tae t Trong a6: + Céic dign td phan eye két hop véi nguo giéng nhu voi mgch khuéch dai mic F cl ‘cin dé phan cach eye emicter va c6 tae dun; + TwCy va ty Ce efing dé ghép ndi tin higu va cach ly th tang nhu ting khuéch dai mac E chung. + TuCp cé tic dung ngin mach cyc B vé diém chung ciia thinh phan tin higu; ¢é chidu. ign ap dé m cong tée tinh A, dign ap dé tq0 ra diém c6ng tée tinh 4 sani Negoai ra téc dung cita dign tro Re on dinh nhigt cho transistor. anh phdn mot chiéu gitta cae im chung (mét) dé cho eye baser thuge ‘ich ly thanh phan dién 4p phan cuc mét + ign 4p tin higu dua vao gitia E véi diém chung chinh 1a B; tuong ty, dign dp tin :m chung la B cho nén mach khuéch dai trén duge goi la higu lay ra gitta C. x 7 “ tang khuéch dai méc B chung hay cdn goi la ting khuéch dai 0B. b. Nguyen I khuéch dai theo biéu thite: Rely r ao ker Reape (Wome dS « Ta he 96 Khuéch dei dong dign cia K, transistor mic B chung: a = -<<~=1). ©. Clie die diém co ban ~ Hésb kinéch dai ding din nhd hon va xép xi bing 1 (khong khuéch dai dong dién). He i sh ign eae “0 vGi tang EC vi a <0) ti ma dui sé c6 pha Am (Ue<0). Ce dién &p nay o6 tée dung: = Up phn c & lai, khong gia aaa "2 phan cue nguge khod Iai, khéng 36 Scanned with CamScanner ] ye pign the durong len sé lim cho Jye etia'T fey chy tr eve dong cia meu cung cp nap di tgothinh nia chu ky dhromg ea in higu ten 1 phan eye thuin nén 7; thong, c6 dong di n nhanh cho ty dién Cy qua tii sang nira chu ky m cita dign ap vo thi cde dign thé nay ‘Ty khod Iai Khong cn don - du thinh im do dé: ign Tey ita a ar ee = dong dign Icz do ty dign C2 phing dign tich dun wwe hing ny chy dong ca ty C3 gu i ng cl Sng dign nap 6 niza chu kj duuomg cho nén igo ra trén tai na chu J ebn Iai cia tin higu, ies Saad ee Véi ting khuéch dai cdng sud dy kéo ghép bién p, mle ao se ran ig rong mot nita chu ky cia tin higu song trén ti van day dic 2 nia joy cb tin gu, Seat -; Khie phye ede nhuge-diém cia ting khuéch dai-diy kéo ghép bien dp. + Khéng sir dung bién @p cho nén két edu mgch gon nhe, gid thanh thd = CO kha nding vi mach hod dé tgo thanh ede vi mgch KBCS rit pho gs KHUECH DAL TiS SEU BIEN DOI CHAM 1, Khai nigm: Khuéch dai tin higu bién dai chim a khuéch dai nbitng tin higu co ja 96 snip inva bing. . Véi nhimg tin higu nay thi néu sir dung ede phuong, phip ghép ndi gita céc ting bang. {ign dng hole ehép h5 cit (ghép bin 6p) sey rq méo tan srt kim de bit 8 ce tin sO px oge bang. “0”. Chinh vi vly mi che tng xhuéch de nny chi duy nhdt sir dung phon hap ahép tye tiép va ching doe go bd Khuéch da ghép truc tig. Dic tuyén bién dO tin sé cia cée b} khuéch dai ghép true tip 06 di thong thép nine hinh vé sau: fang cia mot b6 Ioe . Hich 212 i Dike tuyén bide dB - tin sf cliab3 KD ghép truc tép d 2. BG khuéch dai ghép trye tiép: Mach dign vi du: Hinh 2.13 Vi dy vé bd Khuéch dai ghép trye tiep 7 Scanned with CamScanner ygi nhau thong qua cdc dién tra R i duge ghep voi”! 7 éch dai duge £! ting khuéch dai mic E chung. nan tin higu ln thinh phan mo, inh Pith gia céc tang s& anh a C6 thé c6 2 hay nhigu ting Khu duge goi la ghép tryc tiép. in = Téc dung cia ede phan tir trong nhu v ; ‘i sep ca tl = Cae dign tro ghép Rg va Reo V8 ah "tp ng chidu iia diém céng tic tinh do 46 cl Jan nhau. Lon 2 sip am on dinh di Cp dign tra Reva tu dign Ce tg0 hbi tep am % Khuéch d | Ching ta xét mét bo khuéch dai mot chie 5 Tingn |, y ‘Tang 1 | ing 2 of ef FU Usio —>} ey lo Hinh 2.14 B6 khuéch dai nhidu tang a ; sé la tich cita cae hé 56 khuéch dai ctia cde ting: gm cOng téc tinh cho phan ty 11 bao gm nhiéu (0) ting KD ghép true tigp: Hé sé khuéch dai chung cho ca bé ke=Kyskas.. ke : I6n thi phai e6 nhiéu tng kh Do dé dé cé hé s6 khuéch ‘Sy mit én dinh do nhig thay ddi nay cing duge khuéch dai : dinh ets 436 “tee nghiem wong kim gi a seer Dé khic phyc nhuge diém nay thi cdc ting, dic t : phai tng cuong dn dinh nhigt cho phan tir khuéch dai , tire 18 phai ting hai tiép am thanh phan mét chiéu. Dieu nay sé mau thudn véi vige tang hé s6 khuéch dai chung cho cd bd, do dé cde bd khuéch dai ghép true tiép khdng thé dat duge cing mét lite 2 chi tiéu dat ra la phai co hé s6 khuéch dai Ién va d6 on dinh nhigt cao. 3. Khuéch dai vi sai: Nhiim khde phue nhuge diém cita bd khuéch dai ghép tryc tiép dé dat duge hé so khuéch dai lén va d6 én dinh nhigt cao gidm thiéu hién tuong tdi diém cng tac, ngudi ta thiét ké ra tang khuéch dai vi sai véi cdu tric cia mach nhu hinh vé: thi sie mat én Iugng cia b6 khudch dai, Hinh 2.15 Tang khuéch dai vi sai (a) va so d8 cia nguén 6n dong (b) - Hai transistor duge mic kiéu E 06 cdo thane cf ck ‘i Se eu E chung va c6 cdc thong sd giéng hét nhau hinh thinh > Hai dign wo {rj nhunhau: Ret = Rep, ~ Nguén dong én din I gidt cho tng hai ae thay ddis T= ey + Tes copetegn nS bai dng dign emicter ludn luén c6 gid tri Khon 6 ei 38 Scanned with CamScanner vio duge dura va ip vio duge dura vao eée baser eta cae ig NEUE Mhau tuy thude vio cdeh | tir khugch dai ba Usior vit Usiee satan gs dign ap ra _ Hai dign ap ra duge lay trén 2 cue collector eiia ede t e _ Ngudn cung cip 1 ngudn déi xime: dgunhau li +8, va og a cfc stor A Unt ¥a U2 : dn 66 dign dp nhur nhau nhumg ngwoe gi ed tre mach dign whe tn, Kh eee ne He rh, Khi ta dua dign ap vio mot Ibi vio thi ding fe tong ined “Digu nay sé lim ceeeanane Seed . Digu nay sé hh 49 dign dp ra tang len gap doi néu du ra durge lay gita 2 stots, tid lim tng hsb Khuéeh dg, POSSE ee Mat khic gitta 2 diu vao khéng o6 dong dign nén ted : , i a 1g cd dong digs Ang vio coi Jing vi g sgonon 8 dng teu thy ngubn na, 1g dign nén trd khang vio coi nhu bing v6 cing _ hi oo ding mat On dinh do nhigt thi do 2 transistor duge mie nhu mot gene xhuéch dai cho nén tée dong mat &n dinh do nhigt giéng nau hon todn. Digu ny c6 neha 1a niu ly dién dp ra gitta.2 cyc collector thi higu dign thé nay chinh Ja dién dp ra va hoan toan thong thay dBi do d6 tng khuéch dai vi sai coi nhw khéng xay ra hign tugng troi diém c6ng tic. Do 6 he sb khuéch dai lm cho nén chi can c6 syr sai léch nho cia dign ap vio thi da ¢6 sy sai lech Ion cita dign dp ra cho nén né durge goi la tang khuéch dai vi sai. 4. Khuéch dai thuat toan (iu 27> BO KDTT la mot b6 Khuéch dai mét chigu (ghép true tiép) duge sit dung trong cde thudt toin bién dbi cho nén duge goi tén theo tmg dung la KDTT: OA (operational Ampliflier) _ Cfu tric eta bj KBTT bao gdm 1 hode 2 ting khuéch dai vi sai, 6 diu vao; vai ting Khuéch dai ghép truce tiép va ting khuéch dai mic collecter chung & ddu ra dé c6 duge tro khdng ra nhe. - ue KD visai KP ghép |__| TingKD |-—+ Un tryc tiép: Mac OC Ux) Hinh 2.16 So dé céu trie cita vi mach KDTT “Tit cd edu trie trén duge tich hgp trong mot v6 e6 kich thude nh6 va duge got 18 vi iach khuéch dai thust ton (KBTT) v6i ky higu nburhinh ve: ee or jue | a Binh 2.17 z =U Un 2 lee ) o | Ky higu va cdc dign dp cia vimach KDTT Bao gém hai 16i vio va mot Ios ra: |. Léi vao déng pha (+) 66 dign dp ra dang pha vi |. Léi vao dao pha 66 dign dp ra nguge pha vor dign ap vo: Uy.Un). vio: Us=Up= Une ign dp vio: Uy \[Ur] 4 Chénh 4éch dign dp gidta hai | 39 Scanned with CamScanner + Léiradé lly tin higu ra Un. ; / IT cé ede de digm nhur sau: =o). Didu nay 08 neha 1d chen, Uvyay- Uva = Ur- Uy =0, 6 ding dign ij Do c6 edu tric nh trén ma vi mach KD + -Hé sé khudch dai dign ap vo cing lén (Ku fa Igch dign dp gitta 2 14i vao coi nhur khOng ¢6: St an coi nhur khéng © = Tri khang vao v6 ciing lén (Zy = 29) cho nén co! ae vio: Iy=0 Dic tuyén bign dé cia vi mach KDTT nw hinh sau: Hinh 2.18 Dic tuyén truyén dat cia vi mach KDTT véi Us = Up - Un Dign dp ra (Up) chi ty 16 voi Us trong dai dign 4p +Um dén -Um nao d6 (hinh 2.18), dai dign dp nay bin doi dign ap ra ca bG khuéch dai thuat todn. Ngoai dai dé, dign dp ra kh di va khng phy thuéc dign dp vio, tuomg tmg véi bo khuéch dai lam vige & ché d6 bao ha, ‘mach chit cf bing anaraat Hinh 2.19 Mot vid vé vi mgch ho 741: mach dign, cic dang vi mach chinh offect null 40 Scanned with CamScanner i duge gid tri cua dig Bing phuong phép tinh déi v6i cdu chia dign ap ching 19 tinh we nn inp ndi tip: Us Uap, Matkhée, do dic diém cba KDTT Urs = Ug=0 nén ching ta o¢, ree RR, ta 06 he s6 khuéch dai cia b6 khuéch dai Khong dio dupe U, " Uae Ua aR tds RyRy 2), Re : R R " i 1A BS khug Néu ta cho Rye = 0 va Ry =o thi K 41 Iie db bG KD khong dao duge goi la bd khuéeh, 2 ot ehh 4 pha ai 1Oi ra. dai l§p Iai, thuong duge sit dung dé phdi hgp tro khang va phin chia tai lor Hinh 2.22 Bé kthuéch dai lap lai 3.B9 vi phiin Mach dién: co ie 7 Hinh 2.23 Vio © : + Ua Bé viphan L 1 Bao gém: + Bign ép vao durgc dura vao léi vio do thong qua tu din C; + Dign dp hbi tiép am duge ly théng qua R. Bing phuong php tinh tuong ty nu tein va véi quan he gitta dong dign va dim ép eta Une Hinh 2.24 Un B6 tich phiin iB a2 Scanned with CamScanner pao gom: ign ép vi Ao én p vio ge dn vio Ii vo dio qua dint + Hi tidp Am duge My thong qua tw co cdc tinh chat ca KBTT va mai otha: fa méi quan hé git dong dign va dign 4p tren ty dign. dis tina Tiedt 5, Bg cGng tin higu. eerste ar a Dee arcs 1 ova King ioe ching ta fing 06 2 loai bd cons b 6 g dio cb nguyén ly ng ta cling c6 2 lo abs khuéch dai khéng dio. bd nguyén IY nh nhaw va dua trén bO Khuéch dai do Ra we Rin Us - Ra Us +4 L t - : Tay @ tL ot aL Hin 2.25 BO cng dao (a) va b> cng khdng dio (b)- Do bé, KDIT lam vige trong ving tuyén tinh nén thoa mn nguyén ly xép chéng (tac dong ting bing ting cée t8e dng thinh phan) ‘én ching ta 06 thi Up = Un + Unt .tUm= KyUy + KoUyatt Kan Voi bd khuéch dai dao: Un = [fee he thi ta 06: Tung ty adi v6i bo Khuéch dai khéng dio: aa S95 Upp = 04 Us +Néu chon bé khuéeh dai Hip gi thi tac6 [Uy tUn tot Ual= LU 4B Scanned with CamScanner 6. Mach eng v6i tri khéing vio I6n- Mach dign: Rut S Ry ha R Hinh 2.26 m Mach eGng dio 06 #0 khéng wie kin Ps | ‘Theo so d8 mach dign va cdc tinh chit eta vi mech KDTT ta cd: R Ye Us <0; mat khic Us =U = Ro Ry + Ry 2ayy, nay he sb knuéch dai cia PO duge xie dinh: pu ‘Truimg hgp néu yéu cdu hé s6 khuéch dai lon thi Ri phai chon. sid tri nho. Tuy nhiér ic nay nn vio eta mach eting €6 gid trin uhd (Zy = Ri). Dieu nay 06 the khdic phue dé dang bGi vige chon gid tri fin dé co tro Khang vao Tn, cbn hé sO Khuéch dai duge chon theo ti Ig ca Re VaR. 7. BG trir tin higu. Két hop ca bp Kiuéch dai dio va b§ khuéch dai khdng dio trén cing mot 6 KDTT ching t a.c6 mot bé trir tin higu: R R _ 7 Hinh 2.27 = U; Un —oH ft a Bé tnt tin higu 0” va tinh duge: n higu vao cira vao dio bing “0” va tinh dugc: =({1+2«|_%_y, RJR+R Chon gid tri thich hgp cia cde dig Un tro: Ry = Rix Va Ro = Rs ta c6: 2 va Uni = Uy do dé ta cd: 44 Scanned with CamScanner Up=Ua + Ua = Uy - Uy wt? sinh dign ap. gch dign: Vy eo = a Bish 2.28, Uy e—> ‘Mach so sénh ditn ap yiai dign ap ein so sénh duge dura vao 216i vao ciia KDTT: + U=Up : + Uy=Uy Qua trinh thyc hign so sdnh dign dp dure mé ta nhwr sau: + Khi Us=Up=Uy> Ohay Up > Un thi Un = "Usa + KhiUy=Up=Un <0 hay Up < Uy thi Un = “Umax __ Mash so sinh ign ip dyes 8 so sinh dign Ap va ign dBi dang dign Ap BALK) SEE nd ige Unecomt Us Uys de dig ip 6 vo ons feng nh hinh VE jy = Up = const; Uy = Up 06 dang tam gic, dang dién 4P m8 °° 4u 1 Ura ls Vous] of u, aa a. ly . Uo} \0 “LS : + 6 + VV 0 Dees v tinh 2.29 Mach so sinh dign ép (a) voi dang cia dién léi rab) = Khi Uy Up, Un = +Ueme Nhu vdy mgch so sinh noi tren co thé bién déi dang dign ap tam gic hoe bat ky 616i vao vé dang xung vubng 616i ra 9. Mach vi tich phan két hyp (PID) PID 18 mach vi tich phan két hyp duge sir dung, trong thugt diéu khi pham vi tin sO “didu khign cia mach va ting tinh On dinh cia mot hé thong di rot gidi tin rng, Mach dign PID c6 dang nie hinh 5 rong khién trong Scanned with CamScanner pOAN Hinh 2.20 Unio T Lo Us Bé khuéch dai dio pha zt L Bao gim: + Dign dp vio dura ti 16i vao dio pha thong qua dign tro Ri. + Dién dp cia vao déng pha bing (ndi mat). ~ ign 4p hdi tiép Am duge ly thong qua dign tr Rin. 1 KT Jy — Up = 0) va edu tric ctia mach dign nén in tro Ry la dign ap vao; dign ap dit trén dign tra: Rix 1a dign p Do dic diém cia vi mach KDTT (66 Us ching ta c6: dign ap dat trén do do: = Dang dign chay qua Ri duge xae dinh: Tei = dign dp ra ~ Dang dign chay qua Ry duge xée dinb: Tr = = (@du am thé hi te nguyge pha véi dign ap vio). Do dae diém cita vi mach KBTT c6 ly = 0 cho nén ta 66 Inu = Inns do 46 ta 06: Uns — Us. tiy a6 rit ra hé sé khuéch dai dign ap eta bd khuéch dai dao Ta: Ku 5 Rue (aéu—chi mang y nghia do pha) 2. BG khuéch dai khong dio Mach dign ——_+ Uys > we Hinh 2.21 Bé khuéch dai khéng dao Bao gdm: 0 ding pha; wu chia dign dp 1 Ry Va Rix 4 Dign dp vio duge dura t6i I Dign ap hdi tigp dm duge Hay thong qua 4 Scanned with CamScanner Cr Ry Cw Hy H ih 2.30 q : ‘Mach vi - tich pha kéthop @ID) We ign dp racé dang: U,, = AU, +B[U, ‘That vay theo mach dién ta c6: in Hi tinnO 4G ety ow vva dign dp ra 06 dang: ele iydt = 2) iy rit tir — on (1) vao ohnone trinh (2) va rit 22+} (dia chi mang ¥ nehia dao pha) fi U,, =iyRy + gon ta c6: ‘Thay gié ellen Theo két qua trén chung ta nh§n thay: + GOtdn sé thip @ <> @ = Wy + Trong giai oy <@

    You might also like