Khao cé hoc Vietnam Archaeology ‘ek eke 3-2007 ISSN 0866 - 742VIEN KHOA HOC XA HOI VIET NAM VIEN KHAO CO HOC Khao cé hoc 6 86 mot nam - $6 3/2007 (147) TONG BIEN TAP Tong Trung Tin PHO TONG BIEN TAP Lal Van Téi TRINH BAY BIA. Bui Minh Tit - Truong Hu Nghia TOA SOAN VA TRISU 61 - Phan Chu Trinh - Ha NOi Tel: 04. 9330732, Fax: 04. 9331607 Email: tapchikhaoco@hotmail,com iapchikhaoco@amai.com MUC LUC TRINH NANG CHUNG Van hoa Ha Long trong str giao lim v6i cde van hod Dé méi & nam Trung Qudc va Dong Nam A HAN VAN KHAN Xém Rén, mot di tich khdo c6 dae biét quan hod Phiing Neuyén EN THI MAI HUONG, HARUYAMA SHIGEKO, PHAM VAN HAL Thye vat thoi dai Kim khi & lim vye song Hong qua phan tich bao tix phain hoa TRAN ANH DUNG, LAI VAN TOL Ld g6m Déng Khong (Bic Ninh) TRAN DUC THANH, NGUYEN NGOC THAO. DINH VAN HUY, TRAN VAN BI Vi ti cing Domea & khu vue Tién (Hai Phong) PHAN THANH HAI, PHAN THUY VAN ic trigu Neuyén 6 Hué: lich sit, fang vi viin dé bio t6n LUONG NINH Mot burde ngoat lich sit: Nuée Phit Nam © Ly thayét khdo 6 hge NGUYEN GIA BOL Ce he thong ly thuyét khito €6 hoe dung dai © Théng tin hogt dong khdo cd hoe © Gidi tl sach Trang 3 32 2 64 4 90 101CAC HE THONG LY THUYET KHAO CO HOC DUGNG DAI Nguyén Gia Doi * D. c6 nhiéu cong trinh nghién citu vé lich str ly thuyét khao 66 hoe trén thé gidi, trong dé néi bat nhat 1a cua hai téc gid: 1. Hodder va B.G-Trigger (Hodder. 1986; Hodder.1 1991; 2001; Trigger.B.G 1989). Theo quan diém chung, tir ntfa sau thé ky XIX dén nay, cac trudng phai khao cd hoc phat trién rat da dang nhumg cé thé quy vao bén hé thong ly thuyét va phuong phép ti¢p cin chinh yéu, dé la: Khao 6 hoc Lich st - Van héa; Chite nang luan trong Khao c6 hoc; Khao 6 hoc Qué trinh va Khao ¢é hoc Hau Qua trinh 1, Khao cé hoc Lich sit - Vin hoa Khdo 6 hoc Lich sté- Vain hoa (cultural - historical Archaeology) ra di tir khoang nite sau thé’ ky XIX, nim trong thai ky ch nghia dan toc phat trién rat manh 6 chau Au, véi cdc nhan vat titu bidu la G.Kossina, G.Childe, R.Wheeler, C.Hawkes, S.Piggott, F.Thomson, A.Kidder, N.Nelson, J.Ford, W.Strong, .Griffin, Li Ji, F-Borde. Trading phai Khéo cé hge Lich sit - Van héa duge hinh thanh trén nén tang tu tudng hoc thuyet Tiéh héa Juan van hoa (Cultural Evolutionism), cho rang, sy tién trién van héa cing gidng, nh quy luat tigh héa sinh vat, hanh vi con ngudi bj quyét dinh mang ban chat sinh hoe. Noi dung chi yéu cia cach tiép cin Lich st - Van héa lién quan den viéc thiét lap trat tu nién dai va loai hinh hoc, thiét lap cac dc trung, cdc truyén théng van héa cho timg khu vue riéng biét. Newdi ta cing quan tam dén nhitng bién adi vé kidu dang di vat hay loai hinh cu trii theo nién dai dé thiét lap trat ty mot chudi cdc van héa phat trign sém mudn ké tiep nhau bing phuong php so sanh logi hinh hoc, dia ting hoc va sau nay duge hé try cud cdc phuong phap khoa hoc ty nhien dé xae dinh nién dai tuyét déi. Nhiing cude di chuy cua cdc tap doan nguéi mang dén anh hwdng van héa qua lai gitta cdc khu vue cing duge diac biét quan tam. Do quan diém nhat nguyén vé lich sit, moi sng tao cua con ngudi chi xudt hign mot lin 6 mot noi nhat dinh, sau d6 méi truyén ba dén nhiing noi Khac, Khao c6 hoe Lich st - Van héa luén di lién vi thuyét Thien di, Truyén ba ludn (Diffusionism) tié bidu la trudng phai nhan hoc Vien diing dau la F.Graebner va WSchmidt va Siéu fruvén bai Juan (Hyper-Diffusionism) cua E.Smith. “TS, Vien Khao cd hoeNguyén Gia Déi - Cac hé théng If thuyét khdo 6 hoc... w Nhing nhan vat 6 déng gop quan trong d6i véi sw phat trién ctia khdo od hoc Lich st - Vin héa phai ké dén 14 O.Montelius, G.Kossina va G.Childe. Tiép thu truyén thing khao cd hoe ving ban dao Scandinave, O.Montelius la nhiing ngudi dau tién phat trign va ap dung phuong phép Loai hinh hoc (Typological Method) dé phan chia va dinh dai tuoing doi cho cae ving van héa. Khai niém “Van héa khao cé” mac dit truée do da xudt hign trong mot s6 van ligu nhumg phai dén G.Kossina né méi duige dinh nghia va ap dung dé ly giai cée tw li¢u khao 6 hoc. Kossina coi van héa 1 sw phan anh dac tha chiing toc va dan tc tinh, Ong thién vé thuyét thien di hon la truyén ba luan. Ly thuyét cia Kossina mang mau sc chting téc, dé cao tinh thugng dang cia dan téc Diic, thanh cOng cu phuc vu cho tu tudng bao tht, dan tc cut doan cua chi nghla Quéc xa Duc sau nay. Tuy nhién Kossina vain duge coi 14 mOt nhan vat cach tan, dong gop dang ké cho su phat trién ciia Khao c6 hoc. G.Childe la ngudéi dau tién he théing héa tu Lieu khao 6 hoc 6 chau Au v6i hai cong trinh I6n la: “Budi bink minh ciia van minh chéu Au" va “Danube thoi tién si? MO hinh bite tanh da sic mau vin hoa ma Childe tao dung di duoc ap dung dé nghién cttu khdo ed hoc xuyén sudt ca chau Au cho dén tan nhimg nam 1950. Sau nay G.Childe chju anh hudng tu tudng Marxism va nghiéng vé truting phdi Chite nang luan. Khao c6 hoe Lich stt- Van héa bat dau phat trién 6 Bic My vao dau thé ky XX, thoi ky dau, chiu anh hudng quan diém nhan hoc cua F.Boas vé Tuong déi Juan van héa (Cultural Relativitism) - va Bc thet luda lich su? (Historical Particulativism). Mac di vin chiu anh hudng cia Truyén ba ludn nhung khao cé hoe Bac MY c6 Khuynh huéng dé cao cde van héa tc ngudi hon 14 tinh chung téc trong van héa, tham chi coi khao cé hoc 1a CO dan tc hoe (Paleo-Ethnology). Tiép can Lich sit - Van héa cting da cung cp mo hinh cho nghién cttu khao cd hoe cho hdu khap cae nude trén thé gidi, dang ké nhat la Trung Quédc, Nhat Ban, An D6, Mexico, Can Dong.v.v. va thutting due goi bing mot cach khac la Khao c6 hge Dan t6c tinh (National Archaeology). Mac dit cach tip can Lich sti - Vin héa da ra doi tir kha lau va bj phé phan bai nhiing han ché cua quan diém ich héa Judn don tuyén (Linear Evolutionism), phuong phép loai hinh hoc va nang vé chi: nghia dan t6c, tuy nhién né van tén tai kha pho bien trong khdo ¢6 hoc nhiéu khu vue trén thé gidi hién nay, dac biét 1a nhimg nue dan toc chi nghia va hu thude dia 2. Chife nang luin trong khao cé hoc phuong Tay Trao Iwu Chite nang luan (Functionism) trong khao cé hoc ra déi vao khodng nhimg nam 1930, do tac dong tir sw phat trién cua khoa Nhdn hoc Xa hdi (Social Anthroplogy) 6 Anh va My. Nhung dai dién ti¢u bigu cho trio hu nay 1a O.Crawford, CFox, G.Childe, A-Tallgren, V-Ravdonikas, G.Clark, EHiggs, W. Taylor, R.Braiwood, GWilley, R. MacNeish, Cardwell, R.Adams. Chic nang luan ching lai Truyén bé Luan, chp nhan céch ti8p en Cifir tric - Chic nang Judn Structural-Functionism) cia BMalinowski, E.RRadcliffe - Brown va quan ém ciia mha xa hdi hoc Phip E.Durkheim. Durkheim gidng quan diém cla C.Marx coi cac xa hdi nhu cac hé thong dug tao nén bdi céc bO phan doc lap, khong 6 mot thay doi nao cla mt b6 phan ma lai khong kéo theo su thay ddi it nhiéu cua nhimg bd phan khac.92. Khao 6 hoc, s6 312007 Nhan hoe x4 hdi va Xa h6i hoc Durkheim da dat nén mong cho mdi quan hé giifa khdo co hoc va nhiing nganh khoa hoc khde, tao ra nhiing cach tiép cn mdi trong, khao c6 hoc hu Chie nang ludn Moi trvéng (Environmental Funtionalism) co truyén thong 6 khu vue ban dao Scandinave; tiép can kinh t& hge cua G. Childe va trudng phai khao cd hoc nghién cttu Khao 6 hoc xa hdi, Co’ Dan téc-Thuc vat hoc (Paleo-Ethnobotany), Sinh hoc Khdo cé'(Archaco-Biology) cita G.Clark; nghién citu phuc dung déi s6ng cu dan ign si vdi Khdo c6' hoc sinh thai (Ecological Archaeology) va Khao oO hoc cur tri (Settlement Archaeology) 6 Bae MY. Cach ly gidi tw ligu khao cé hoc ea cae nha Chie nang lun dya teen nghién city méi quan hé giita van héa va moi trudmg, nghién cu nhifng, di vat khao e6 hoc duge ché tac va sit dung nhy thé nao, su bién déi van hoa due quyét dinh cha yéu Ia do nhing nguyén nhan bén trong va nhdin manh nhan té sinh thai Chuc nang luan trong khao cé hge tap trung ly giai va phuc dung cdc mo hinh xa hoi trong cdc van héa tién str da hoat dong va bién déi nhu thé nao. Phuong phap tiép can da cé nhiéu déng gép quan trong cho sir phat trién cua khao cé hoe, dic biét la quan diém Tiéh héa ludn da tayén (multi-linear evolutionism) trong viee ly giai su bién ddi cia cae nén van héa va cdc xa hoi tién sti, thiic day phuong phdp nghién evtu lién nganh. nay 3. Tan tign héa Luin va Kho 6 hoc Mai (Khao c6 hoc Qua trinh) Tin Tigh héa lain (Neo-evolutionism) bat dau phat trién 6 My vao khodng nhing nam 1950 véi hai dai dién 1a L.White va J.Steward. White ké'tuc tinh than etia LH Morgan va trayén thdng Ti¢h héa Iugn ban dia cla Nhan hoc Mg, phan bac quan diém Dac thi luan lich sir cing nhu Nhan hoe ciia F.Boas. White cha truong rang, cdc hé théng xa héi bi quyét dinh bdi cdc hé thong ky thudt, triét hoc va nghé thuat cing bi xc dinh béi ky thuat va duge khuic xa qua cae hé thing xa hi. Ong cong thiic héa Khai niem Quyét dink Juin ky thuat (Technological Determinism) cua minh va cho dé 1a quy luat co ban cua suv tien hda: Van héa = Nang luong x Ky thuat (C = E x T). Steward bao vé cach tiép cin da tuyéh, sinh thai hoc, Ong cho rang su thich tng sinh thai la tinh chat quyét dinh dé xic dinh cae giéi han ciia su bien déi trong cac hé théng van héa. Suz phat trién van hoa e6 le theo khuynh hving mang, nhiing hinh thai giéng nhau theo sau nhimg quy dao phat trién twong déng trong su sép dat cua ty nhién. Trong nhimg nim 1960, M.D.Sahlin va ER Service da ding nhimg tu ligu dan t0c hgc miéu ta dé xay dung chudi phat trién mang tinh suy doan va tong quat héa cao vé cdc mé hinh tién trién chinh tri - x4 hdi trong lich sit: Bay nhém (Band), Bo tc (Tribe), Tha linh qué (Chiefdom) va nha nuéc (State). Mot trong nhéng tng dung ctia Tan tien héa Luan vao khdo 66 hoc la cong trinh *Quy lat ctia tigh héa van héa nhw 1a cong cu nghién eitu thye tién” ca BMegger, ba cho rang, do sy thidu ving cla nhiing ngudn nang Itong khong phai ngudi trong cdc xa hoi co qui mo nhé, dinh Iuat ca White c6 thé duge viet lai du6i dang: Van hoa = M6i truéng x KY thuat (C = E xT). Quan diém nay mang sic thai cia Quyét dinh Iuan moi truding - ky thuat (Techno-Environmental Deteminism), thién vé str dung Phép loai suy dan tée hoc mé td (Ethnographic Analogy). Khdo cé’ hoc Méi (New Archaeology) ra doi va phat trién 6 My vao nhiing nim 1960-1970, v6i cdc dai dign la L.Binford, D.Clarke, K.Frannery, MSchiffer, A.Renfrew, R.Dunnell, W.Sanders, P.Watson, GIsaac.Nguyén Gia Déi - Cac hé théng ly thuyét khdo cé hoc... a Nam 1959, J. Caldwell cong bé' mot bai bao trén td Science vdi dau dé “Khao cé hoc Moi cua My”, trong dé 6ng din ra khuynh hudng quan tam ngay cang nhiéu dén cdc mo hinh cu tr va mdi trudng nhu bing chimg vé mdi lién hé v6i cde qua trinh van héa. van héa khdo 8 khong con due xem niu don thudn chi la tong cOng nhimg loai hinh di vat, ma mdi van ha cin dude dat trong nhiing van canh déc lap va cé gid tri binh dang. Ong di theo lap truding cua Tan Tién hoa luan, rang tat ca cdc su kién vin héa déu cé tim quan trong ngang nhau trong viéc mang dén su bién déi. Muc dich cn ban cua khao cd hoc la phai giai thich su thay ddi trong cae vin hoa khdo 6 bling cde Qué trinh van Ada (Cultural Processes). Tir nhiing ndm 1960, L.Binford 1a ngudi tgo nén nhiing dot pha manh mé va sau nay dugc céng nhan 1a nhan vat tiéu biéu nhat clia Khao c6 hoc Mai. Binford tom tit chuong trinh ctia Khdo c6 hoc Méi trong hai bai bao: “Khao cé hoc nhw la nhan hgc" (Binford 1962) va “Cac hé thing khao c8 hoc va nghién cum hoa”. Chiu anh hudng cda L.White, Binford cho rang, cO nhimg nguyen tic hién nhien trong hanh vi ctia con ngutii, déng nghia véi viee c6 rat it su khde nhau gid trudng hop don 1é va mét lép téng thé trong bién déi xa hdi. Vi vay, cai quan tam chinh cilia ong 1a gidi thich nhing tuong déng van hoa hon la nhting khac biét. Gidng nhu G Clark, Binford coi cde van héa nhu 1a nhimg phuong tién thich ing cé tinh chat nhur mot thé dac biet cua con ngudi, Sy thay ddi trong hé thong van héa nhyw 1A nhimg phan hdi cé tinh chat thich ung, lua chon trong méi truting ty nhién hay trong nhitng hé thong van héa lién ké va canh tranh. Quan diém “Thé sinh thai" (Ecosystemic), vé mat ban chat da loai trit su sang tao, phat minh va déi mdi ben trong nhitng truyén thong van héa. No cing xem cac van hoa thudng co Khuynh hudng nghitng vé sw cin bing hay ngung tre déng can (Homeostasis) véi sy bién 4di, gay nén bi yéu té bén ngoai. Theo quan diém cia L.White, Binford cho ring, cée van héa nhut la nhiing he thong thich ing bao gém ba tia h@ théng cd quan hé qua lai véi nhau: Ky thuat, T6 chite xa hoi va He bir tating. Vi vay, ong cho rang hanh vi con ngubi bi quyét dinh béi cdc luc Luding thuéing nim trong Linh vue ty nhién. Nhiing quan diém néi bat cla Khao ¢6 hoc Méi 1a, coi khdo ¢6 hoc la nhan hoc, phat trién khao c6 hoc thanh mot khoa hoc tach khéi khoa hoe lich st: Khao cd hoc MGéi con dug goi la Khao cd hoc Qué trinh (Processual Archaeology) vi né coi van hoa nhw nhiing qué trinh bao g6m Qué trinh lich si’va Qué trinh thich ting, trong, do Ac biet nhan manh qué trinh thich img. Kho c6 hoc Méi da c6 gang xay dung hé thong phuong phdp luan va phuong phap tiép cin véi Ly thuyét cac he thong (Systems Theory), sy Juan dign dich, ap dung phuong phdp ciia céc khoa hge ty nhién véo khdo ¢6 hoc. Ly thuyél Tim trung (Middle - range Theory) cua L. Binford tap trung lién két nhéng quan sat tur liéu khao c6 hoc vai nhimg déng thai hank vi. Mot nguén ma Ly thuyét Tam trung dang dé lien ket nhimg trang thai tinh vdi trang thai déng 1a b6 mon Dan téc-Khdo cd hoc (Ethno-Archaeology), nhitng quan sat dan téc hoc miéu ta duge ding dé phat trién ly thuyét vé m6i quan he gidéa hanh vi va di t6n vat chat, mot ngudn khac chinh la khao cO hoc thu nghiém. Khao ¢6 hoc Méi cung da khuyéh khich su phat trién ca nhiéu bO mon trong Khao 6 hoc nhu: Khdo e6' hoc phén tich (Analytical Archaeology) cia D.Clarke; Khdo cé hoc hanh vi (Behavioural Archaeology) cla M.BSchiffer; Khdo c0 hoc sinh thai, Khao 08 hoc cu tri; Khdo cd hoc dong vat (Zooarchaeology); Thuc vat Khdo cd hoc; Khéo ed hoc cé kinh tév.v. dang con thinh hanh trén thé gidi hién nay. c qué trinh van94 Khiio e@ hoe, $6 312007 4. Khao cé hoc Hau Qua trinh Khao cO hoc Hau qua trinh (Post-Processual Archaeology) xuat hi¢n vao nhimg nam 1980, véi céc dai dién tiéu biéu la A. Leroi-Gouhan, M.P. Leone va I. Hodder. Kho cd hoc Hau qua trinh cé nguén géc tit nhiéu nguén tw twdng nhu: Hu Cau tric Iudn (Post-Structuralism), Ly thuyét Phé phn, Tin Mac-xit (Neo-Marxism) va ti tro lira phé phin cia Thue ching Juan (Positivism) dan dén tranh Iuan cua Tiong déi ludn (Relativism) va Hién thu Iudn (Realism). Khao ¢6 hoc Hau Qua trink ban dau due coi 1a mot cu thanh cia Khao cé hoe Qua trinh nhung sau nay n6 phat trién thanh mét khuynh hung tur than nm trong trdo hu ly thuyét xa hoi phat trién manh 6 Anh, chinh vi vay né mang sic thai cia Khdo c6 hoc xa h6i (Social Archaeology). Khao cé hoc Hau Qué trinh tién hanh phé phan d6i véi Khao c6 hoc Qua trinh la cting nhac, suy giam vé ly thuyét trong phuong phap luan cing nhu trong dién da, it tinh nhan ban va xa hoi, Khuynh huGng Thue ching Iuan trong Khao ¢6 hoc Qué trinh khong cdn 18 ngon cd cho mot trat tu théng nhét. Mot trong nhig chti dé chinh trong hé théng ly giai cua Khao cé hoc Hau Qua trinh 1a, qua khit duge cau thanh mang day dit ¥ nghia tir cdc vin canh khae nhau, ring ban chat cua loai ngudi la nang déng, khong bj dong va su bién ddi van hoa cé tinh lich su va ngau nhién. Khao ¢6 hoc Hau Qua trinh khong coi van héa nhu nhuing he thong dong kin, van héa vat chat la mot y6u t6 nang dng trong tudng tac xa hdi. Qua khit khong thé tai tao lai mot cach chinh xae duge, cing mot ching cit nhutng c6 eae each doc, tip can va ly gidi khdc nhau. Dong gop chi yéu trong nhimg tranh lan cla Khao cé hoc Hau Qua trinh 1a Khao cd hoc Nit quyén va Khao ¢é hoc Gidi. Khdo co’ hoc Ni quyén (Ferminist Archaeology) mang tiéu diém chinh tri rét manh, n6 mang tu tudng phuong Tay vé phan céng lao dong nhur la mo hinh dan ong sn bin, phu nit hai lym. Diém chi yeu 1a im yéu t phu nit, vai tro phu nif trong cdc +6 chife xa hi tit tu liéu khdo c6 hoc. Khao cé hoc Gi6i (Gender Archaeology) da phat trién ly thuyét vé cdc quan hé gidi trong méi lién quan dén thay di x4 hdi, trong st dung khong gian va van hoa vat chat. No tap trung vao vin dé quyén luc, cdc thé ché xa hdi nang d6ng va phé phan cac hé tu tudng, nhimg khuynh huéng tuong tac gitta gidi voi giai cap, tudi tac, nghé nghiép, chung tc, dan toe. Khao c6 hoe Hau Qua trinh kién tri cha. truong Khao c6 hoc 1a Khao c6 hoc, co szing phat trién ly thuyét, phuong phap tiép cin Kindo 6 hoc x8 hoi, khuyéh khich sw phat trién clia Khao 6 hoc Cong déng, Khdo 06 hoc Nhén thitc (Cognitive Archaeology), Khéo 6 hge Van canh (Contextual Archaeology), nhimg cach tiép can dang 1a xu hung tich cue trong vién canh khdo c6 hoc thé gidi hién nay. Nhimg trao luu ly thuyét trong khao c6 hoc da ké trén ra ddi va phat trién trong nhiing khung thai gian khdc nhau, chiu anh hudng cia cdc hoc thuyét, ¥ thie he khac nhau va cling phat trién véi céc bo mén khoa hgc khéc. Nhung hién thi né van con dang, ciing tén tai véi céc hinh thtte va mttc d khac nhau trén nhting khu vut anh thé, quéc gia tren thé gidi. Khao cd hgc ly thuyét hon mét thé ky qua, chu yéu phat trién manh d Khu vue chau Au va Bic MY, tuy nhién 6 mot s6 noi khac cing duge ghi nhan 1a c6 nhing truyén théng ly thuyét khd manh nh trudng phai Khao c6 hoc xa hoi My Latin chju anh hwéng quan diém Marxist phat trién d mét sé nude Nam My; nhiing tu tudng va khaiNguyén Gia D6i - Cac hé théng ly thuyét khdéo ¢é hoc... 95 niém lién quan dén khong gian va thai gian trong truyén thong triét hoc An Dd cling nhu nhimg, tranh luan vé ly thuyét khao cd 6 Australia va Bolivia.v.v. Gin day Khao 0d hoc Ban dia (Indigenous Archaeology) dang dan tr thanh trao Luu manh trong khao 6 hoc clia nhing quée gia dan toc va hau thudc dia ten con duding tim kiém mot hé thong ly thuyét cho minh. TAI LIEU DAN BINFORD, LR. 1962. Archaeology as anthropology. American Antiquity 28: 217-225. HODDER, |. 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology. Cumbrige. Cambrige University Press HODDER, |, (ED) 1991. Archaeological Theory in Europe. London va New York. HODDER, |. (ED) 2001. Introduction: A Review of Contemporary Theoretical Debates in Archaeology Trong Archacological Theory Today. Polity Press TRIGGER, BG. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambrige. THE SYSTEMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHAEOLOGICAL THEORY NGUYEN GIA D6! Since the middle of the nineteenth century, a lot of archaeological schools have appeared in the world. However, according to the general points of view, it is possible to classified into four main systems of theory and approaches, which are: Cultural - Historical Archaerology, Reasoning functionism in Archaeology, New Archaeology or Processual Archaeology and Post-processual Archaeology. Those systems have appeared and developed in the various time limits and effective scales, though they now co-exist with different forms and levels in the countries all over the world Kinin BAO Thue hién cong van s6 508 TCT/TNCN cia Téng cuc thué - BO Tai chinh vé viée quyét | toain thué thu nhap cé nha, ké wr théng 6/2007, tin nhudn bit cia te git 500.000 dng tri len | s& khdu trir 10%, Tap chi Kido ed hoc kinh bio tée gid va ban doc. Hién nay, Tap chi Kido cd hoc da xuat bin chuyén san tiéng Anh, gid bia 80.000d (5 USD). Ban doc ¢6 nhu cau xin lién hé vé Toa soan Tap chi Khao cé hoc, s6 61 Phan Chu Trinh, Ha Noi Dién thoai: 04.9330732 - 0913056831 E-mail: tapchikhaoco@hotmail.com tapchikhaoco@ gmail.com