HST- 30 (Introduction to the Study and Writing of History)

BOOK REPORT

Submitted by:
Rayhannah D. Gampong

Submitted to
Prof. Sharon O. Bulaclac

1
John N. Schumacher (born June 17, 1927 – May 14, 2014)
was a Filipino Jesuit historian and educator known for his work
exploring the Catholic clergy's role in the 1896 Philippine
revolution in Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the
Nationalist Movement, 1850–1903, first published in 1981.
Schumacher was born in Buffalo, New York. He became a
naturalized Filipino citizen in 1977. Schumacher served as editor-
in-chief of the Philippine Studies journal from 1975 to 1978.

Notable Works

The Propaganda Movement, 1880–1895:

The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, the Making of the Revolution (1973)

Making of a Nation: Essays on Nineteenth-Century Nationalism (1991)

Father Jose Burgos: A Documentary History (1999)

Growth and Decline: Essays on Philippine Church History (2009)

Growth and Decline: Essays on Philippine Church History

The essays gathered into this volume deal primarily with the inner development of Catholicism in the
Philippines. Nonetheless, they inevitably also speak of the development of the Filipino people. For
whatever one’s religious beliefs may be, and whatever evaluation one may make of the role of
Catholicism in the development of Filipino people, it remains a historical and cultural reality that has
given shape to the nation and that makes it unique among the other cultures and histories of Southeast
Asia.— From the Introduction.

Father Jose Burgos: A Documentary History (with Spanish documents and their translation)

Reproduces some of Burgos’s writings, the nationalist intellectual heritage from which Rizal and
Marcelo H. del Pilar drew. Aims to let the reader understand fully political developments of the second
half of the nineteenth century. Presents documents that evince the origins and developments of the
dispute between regular clergy and secular clergy—which gradually took on racial, and later, nationalist,
overtones—in the Philippine church. Comes with an extensive historical introduction.

2
James Francis Warren is an ethnohistorian of modern
Southeast Asia with a particular interest in the period from the mid-
eighteenth century to the present day. For the past Forty years a passion
for a forgotten past of ordinary people who have stood outside history and
the recovery of a whole set of cultural-ecological relations have been a
central preoccupation running through his research, writing and teaching.
This approach to writing Southeast Asian History in an ethnographic grain
has all been context-sensitive with a strong cultural-ecological orientation.
The themes identified and addressed his books, whether focussing on
state formation, slavery, ethnicity, migration and urbanisation, prostitution,
and suicide are all trans-historical and trans-cultural. His current research
on the environment –human nexus concerning the impact of cyclonic
storms on the Philippines over five centuries, extends my methodology and
research to the history of environmental change in Southeast Asia and the
Indian Ocean world. This interdisciplinary approach in diversity of method and objects of analyses in the writing
and interpretation of Southeast Asian History has enabled me to render a portrait of Southeast Asians living in a
complexly textured world of exceptional natural forces, large power constellations, intimate social relations and
deep moral dilemmas.

Education

He obtained his Ph.D. in Southeast Asian History from the Australian National University in 1975, after having
served in the United States Peace Corps in Sabah ,East Malaysia from 1967-69. He moved from the ANU to
Murdoch University in 1976 and have held positions at the Australian National University , Yale University, and as
a Professorial Research Fellow at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, and the Asia
Research Institute, National University of Singapore. He is a fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch
University, and a Research Associate of the Indian Ocean World Centre, Mc Gill University and have been
awarded grants by the Social Science Research Council and the National Endowment for the Humanities, the
Australia Research Council, the Canadian Social Science and Humanities Research Council and the United
States Library of Congress.

Books The Sulu Zone, the World Capitalist

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870—1940 Economy and the Historical
Ah Ku and Karayuki-san Imagination (1998)
Prostitution in Singapore, 1870—1940 Pirates ,Prostitutes and Pullers
Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Explorations in the Ethno- and Social
Ethnicity History of Southeast Asia (2008)
Rickshaw Coolie: A People’s History of Singapore, 1880-1940 (1986) Awards
Rickshaw Coolie The Grant Goodman Prize in Historical
A People’s History of Singapore, 1880-1940 Studies – 2013
The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery The Centenary Medal of Australia
and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State 2003 – For Service to Australian
(1981) Society and the Humanities in the
The Sulu Zone: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery and Ethnicity Study of Ethnohistory
in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State, 1768-1898 Fellow Australian Academy of
(Second Edition) Humanities 1996 – for distinguished
The North Borneo Chartered Company’s Administration of the Bajau contributions to research in the
1878-1909 (1971) Humanities- Excerpt – Citation for
At the Edge of Southeast History (1987) election as a Fellow – 1996

3
Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Ethnicity January 2003

The aim of this book is to explore ethnic, cultural and material changes in the transformative history(s)
of oceans and seas, commodities and populations, mariners and ships, and raiders and refugees in
Southeast Asia, with particular reference to the Sulu-Mindanao region, or the "Sulu Zone". Examining
the profound changes that were taking place in the Sulu-Mindanao region and elsewhere at the end of
the eighteenth century, this book, the companion volume to The Sulu Zone published in 1981,
establishes an ethnohistorical framework for understanding the emerging inter-connected patterns of
global commerce, long distance maritime trading and the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity.

It also provides a new conceptual framework for understanding the problem of ethnic self-definition and
political processes and conflicts in the recent history of the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia. Iranun
and Balangingi seeks to probe these themes through an inter-disciplinary approach, using archival
sources and literature, as well as period testimony, interviews, diaries, and fieldwork observations from
sites primarily located in the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.

The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the
Transformation of a Southeast Asian

"First published in 1981, "The Sulu Zone" has become a classic in the field of Southeast Asian History.
The book deals with a fascinating geographical, cultural and historical "border zone" centred on the
Sulu and Celebes Seas between 1768 and 1898, and its complex interactions with China and the West.
The author examines the social and cultural forces generated within the Sulu Sultanate by the China
trade, namely the advent of organized, long distance maritime slave raiding and the assimilation of
captives on a hitherto unprecedented scale into a traditional Malayo-Muslim social system. How
entangled commodities, trajectories of tastes, and patterns of consumption and desire that span
continents linked to slavery and slave raiding, the manipulation of diverse ethnic groups, the meaning
and constitution of ""culture, "" and state formation? James Warren responds to this question by
reconstructing the social, economic, and political relationships of diverse peoples in a multi-ethnic zone
of which the Sulu Sultanate was the centre, and by problematizing important categories like ""piracy"",
""slavery"", ""culture"", ""ethnicity"", and the ""state"". His work analyzes the dynamics of the last
autonomous Malayo-Muslim maritime state over a long historical period and describes its stunning
response to the world capitalist economy and the rapid ""forward movement"" of colonialism and
modernity. It also shows how the changing world of global cultural flows and economic interactions
caused by cross-cultural trade and European dominance affected men and women who were forest
dwellers, highlanders, and slaves, people who worked in everyday jobs as fishers, raiders, divers or
traders. Often neglected by historians, the response of these members of society are a crucial part of
the history of Southeast Asia."

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Donna J. Amoroso was born and raised in New Jersey. She
received her BA degree in international affairs from Lafayette
College before finishing her PhD at Cornell University, USA. She
taught in Ohio and Tokyo, was editor of Kyoto Review of
Southeast Asia, ran the academic writing programme of the
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo, and co-
wrote State and Society in the Philippines with her husband,
Patricio Abinales. She passed away in January 2011.

Books
Traditionalism and the Ascendancy of the Malay Ruling Class in
Colonial Malaya
State and Society in the Philippines (State & Society in East Asia

Traditionalism and the Ascendancy of the Malay Ruling Class in Colonial Malaya
In this original and perceptive study, Donna J. Amoroso argues that the Malay elites'
preeminent position after the Second World War had much to do with how British colonialism
reshaped old idioms and rituals – helping to (re)invent a tradition. In doing so she illuminates
the ways that traditionalism reordered the Malay political world, the nature of the state and the
political economy of leadership. In the postwar era, traditionalism began to play a new role: it
became a weapon which the Malay aristocracy employed to resist British plans for a Malayan
Union and to neutralise the challenge coming groups representing a more radical, democratic
perspective and even hijacking their themes.
Leading this conservative struggle was Dato Onn bin Jaafar, who not only successfully helped
shape Malay opposition to the Malayan Union but was also instrumental in the creation of the
United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that eventually came to personify an 'acceptable
Malay nationalism'. Traditionalism and the Ascendancy of the Malay Ruling Class in Colonial
Malaya is an important contribution to the history of colonial Malaya and, more generally, to the
history of ideas in late colonial societies.

State and Society in the Philippines (State & Society in East Asia

This clear and nuanced introduction explores the Philippines’ ongoing and deeply charged dilemma of
state-society relations through a historical treatment of state formation and the corresponding conflicts
and collaboration between government leaders and social forces. Patricio N. Abinales and Donna J.
Amoroso examine the long history of institutional weakness in the Philippines and the varied strategies
the state has employed to overcome its structural fragility and strengthen its bond with society. The
authors argue that this process reflects the country’s recurring dilemma: on the one hand is the state’s
persistent inability to provide essential services, guarantee peace and order, and foster economic
development; on the other is the Filipinos’ equally enduring suspicions of a strong state. To many
citizens, this powerfully evokes the repression of the 1970s and the 1980s that polarized society and
cost thousands of lives in repression and resistance and billions of dollars in corruption, setting the
nation back years in economic development and profoundly undermining trust in government. The
book’s historical sweep starts with the polities of the pre-colonial era and continues through the first
year of Rodrigo Duterte’s controversial presidency.

5
Vicente L. Rafael is a professor of Southeast Asian history at
the University of Washington, Seattle. He received his B.A. in
history and philosophy from Ateneo de Manila University in 1977
and his Ph.D. in history at Cornell University in 1984. Prior to
teaching at the University of Washington, Rafael taught at the
University of California, San Diego and the University of Hawaii at
Manoa. Currently, he sits on advisory boards of Cultural
Anthropology, Public Culture, and positions.

Books

Figures of Criminality in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Colonial Vietnam

Motherless Tongues: The Insurgency of Language Amid Wars of Translation

Contracting colonialism

The Sovereign Trickster: Death and Laughter in the Age of Duterte

The Promise of the Foreign: Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish
Philippines

White Love and Other Events in Filipino History

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The Promise of the Foreign: Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish
Philippines

In The Promise of the Foreign, Vicente L. Rafael argues that translation was key to the emergence of
Filipino nationalism in the nineteenth century. Acts of translation entailed technics from which issued
the promise of nationhood. Such a promise consisted of revising the heterogeneous and violent origins
of the nation by mediating one’s encounter with things foreign while preserving their strangeness.
Rafael examines the workings of the foreign in the Filipinos’ fascination with Castilian, the language of
the Spanish colonizers. In Castilian, Filipino nationalists saw the possibility of arriving at a lingua franca
with which to overcome linguistic, regional, and class differences. Yet they were also keenly aware of
the social limits and political hazards of this linguistic fantasy.

Through close readings of nationalist newspapers and novels, the vernacular theater, and accounts of
the 1896 revolution, Rafael traces the deep ambivalence with which Filipinos came to regard Castilian.
Their belief in the potency of Castilian meant that colonial subjects came in contact with a recurring
foreignness within their own language and society. Rafael shows how they sought to tap into this
uncanny power, seeing in it both the promise of nationhood and a menace to its realization. He thus
sheds light on the paradox of nationhood arising from the risks of translation. Repeatedly opening
borders to the arrival of something other and new, translation compels the nation to host foreign
presences to which it invariably finds itself held hostage.

White Love and Other Events in Filipino History

Examines the period from the onset of U.S. colonialism in 1898 to the emergence of a Filipino diaspora
in the 1990s. Treats, in a condensed and concise manner, clusters of historical detail and reflections
that do not easily fit into a larger whole. Offers a view of nationalism as an unstable production,
revealing how, under what circumstances, and with what effects the concept of the nation has been
produced and deployed in the Philippines.

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José Arcilla Solero ( Philippines , September 17, 1925) is a
Spanish-Filipino Jesuit, writer and professor. He currently teaches
history at the Ateneo de Manila University , being considered an
authority on Philippine history. He is one of the recipients of the
prestigious Zobel Prize for Filipino Literature in Spanish. He is a
member of the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language .

Books

1998. Philippine indigenous culture in the second half of the 19th

century according to the Jesuits

1999. An Introduction to Philippine History

2006. The Origin of the Philippine Political

Introduction to Philippine History

Introduction to Philippine History gives an introductory overview of how the Philippines grew into a
nation and how it achieved its independence. Conceived as "a story to be read, and not a calendar to
be memorized," this concise narrative of Philippine history serves as a handy guide for understanding
the important highlights of the nation's development. Jose S. Arcilla, S.J., is a member of the
department of history at the Ateneo de Manila University and is at present also the archivist of the
Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus. He finished graduate studies in the United States and in
Spain. Farther Arcilla, who has authored "Aspects of Wester Medieval Culture", has published in
professioal reviews both in the Philippines and abroad. He is the Philippine coordinator for the editorial
staff of the "International Jesuit Encyclopedia" being published by the Institute of Jesuit History (Rome).

John F. Hurley, S.J.: Wartime Superior in the Philippines

Father Hurley shares his experiences from the first days of World War II until the end of hostilities. He
saw and endured the pain brought by war, but lived through optimistically, firsthand and vicariously,
through the different personalities—Americans, Filipinos, Japanese, and others—whom he knew and
got in contact with.

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Nerissa S. Balce is a cultural studies scholar. Her research focuses on race, gender, state
violence and popular culture in the U.S. and the Philippines. She is co-curator of the online art project,
Dark Lens / Lente ng Karimlan: The Filipino Camera in Duterte’s Republic, an online exhibition of
Philippine photographs of injustice and loss featuring commissioned poems and captions by 40
scholars and artists from the Philippines and North America. Dark Lens is currently on view at SUNY
Stony Brook's Center for the Study of Inequalities, Social Justice and Policy website. The Dark Lens
co-curators are Pia Arboleda, Director of the University of Hawai’i at Manoa’s Center for Philippine
Studies, and writer Francine Marquez of Manila Art Allies. The editors of Dark Lens are Sarita Echavez
See and Clare Counihan from the Center of Art and Thought.

Balce is the author of the book, Body Parts of Empire: Visual Abjection, Filipino Images and the
American Archive (University of Michigan Press 2016 and Ateneo de Manila University Press 2017),
winner of the 2018 Best Book award in Cultural Studies from the Filipino Section of the Association for
Asian American Studies. The book was also a finalist for the best book in the social sciences for the
2018 Philippine National Book Awards. She was born and raised in Manila, Philippines. She received a
B.A. in Literature and an M.A. in Philippine Studies from De La Salle University, Manila. She worked as
a journalist in Manila, writing articles on Philippine literature, politics, culture and the arts. She took
doctoral studies at the University of California-Berkeley on a Fulbright scholarship, where she received
a Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies. Before joining SUNY Stony Brook’s Department of Asian and Asian
American Studies, she received a postdoc at the University of Oregon’s Department of Ethnic Studies
and taught at the University of Massachusetts - Amherst’s Comparative Literature Program. At Stony
Brook, she teaches graduate and undergraduate courses on Asian American literature and popular
culture. Her essays have appeared in the Asian American Writers' Workshop blog, Verge: Studies in
Global Asias, Journal of Asian American Studies, Social Text, Peace Review, Hitting Critical Mass and
in anthologies such as "Positively No Filipinos Allowed": Building Communities and Discourse (Temple
UP 2006) and Resource Guide to Asian American Literature (Modern Language Association 2001).

Publications
Body Parts of Empire: Visual Abjection, Filipino Images and the American Archive (University
of Michigan Press 2016 and Ateneo de Manila University Press 2017).
Articles
"Exposing EJKs and the State: A Collaborative Review of Dark Lens/ Lente ng Karimlan: The
Filipino Camera in Duterte's Republic." Co-written with media scholar Sarita Echavez See.
Verge: Studies in Global Asias 6:1, U Minnesota Press, Spring 2020. 2-6.
"Laughter Against the State: On Humor, Postcolonial Satire and Asian American Short Fiction."
Journal of Asian American Studies, Johns Hopkins U Press, February 2016. 47-73.
"The Filipina’s Breast: Savagery, Docility and the Erotics of the American Empire.‖ Social Text,
Duke U Press, June 2006. 89-110.
"American Insecurity and Radical Filipino Community Politics.‖ Co-authored with Robyn
Rodriguez (Sociology Department, Rutgers University). Peace Review, Taylor & Francis, 16:2
June 2004. 131-140.
Book chapters
"Filipino Bodies, Lynching and the Language of Empire." In Positively No Filipinos Allowed:
Building Communities and Discourse edited by Antonio Tiongson, Ed Gutierrez and Rick
Gutierrez. Philadelphia: Temple U Press, 2006. 43-60.

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"Dogeaters by Jessica Hagedorn." In Resource Guide to Asian American Literature. Ed. Sau-
ling Cynthia Wong and Stephen H. Sumida. New York: Modern Language Association, 2001.
54-65.
"Filipino American Literature." Co-authored with Jean Vengua Gier. In New Immigrant
Literatures in the United States, A Sourcebook to Our Multicultural Literary Heritage. Ed.
Alpana Sharma Knippling. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1996. 67-89.
Book reviews
Solicited review for American Historical Review. Rebecca Tinio McKenna's American Imperial
Pastoral: The Architecture of US Colonialism in the Philippines (U Chicago 2017). Volume 124,
February 2019. 256-257.
"Citizenship and the Immigrant Body." Solicited review for Women's Studies Quarterly. June
2010. 327-334.
On-line essays
"Fighting the Aswang: Seeing state terror and resistance in Alyx Ayn Arumpac's new
documentary on Duterte's extrajudicial killings." Co-authored with Gary Devilles (Ateneo de
Manila University) and Ferdinand m. Lopez (U of Toronto). Published in the "Open City" page
of the Asian American Writers' Workshop blog. July 9, 2020
"Face: Necropolitics and the US Imperial Photography Complex." Reprint of book chapter for
the on-line exhibit, Empire's Eyes: Colonial Stereographs of the Philippines. In the multi-media
blog Center for Art and Thought. UC Riverside. March-April 2018.
"The Meanings of Marrow." In the multi-media blog Center for Art and Thought, "Filipino Food
Worlds" issue. UC Riverside. May 1, 2014. http://centerforartandthought.org/work/project/food-
worlds
"Ten Questions for [Filipino American novelist] Gina Apostol." In the Manila cultural blog
SPOT.ph [Spot Philippines]. Manila, Philippines. May 1, 2014.
http://www.spot.ph/peopleparties/56272/ten-questions-for-filipino-novelist-gina-apostol

Body Parts of Empire: Visual Abjection, Filipino Images, and the American Archive

Body Parts of Empire is a study of abjection in American visual culture and popular literature from the
Philippine-American War (1899-1902).

During this period, the American national territory expanded beyond its continental borders to islands in
the Pacific and the Caribbean. Simultaneously, new technologies of vision emerged for imagining the
human body, including the moving camera, stereoscopes, and more efficient print technologies for
mass media.

Rather than focusing on canonical American authors who wrote at the time of U.S. imperialism, this
book examines abjects texts--images of naked savages, corpses, clothed native elites, and uniformed
American soldiers--as well as bodies of writing that document the goodwill and violence of American
expansion in the Philippine colony. Contributing to the fields of American studies, Asian American
studies, and gender studies, the book analyzes the actual archive of the Philippine-American War and
how the racialization and sexualization of the Filipino colonial native have always been part of the
cultures of American and U.S. imperialism. By focusing on the Filipino native as an abject body of the
American imperial imaginary, this study offers a historical materialist optic for reading the cultures of
Filipino America.
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Resil Buagas Mojares (born September 4, 1943) is a Filipino
historian and critic of Philippine literature best known as for his
books on Philippine history. He is acclaimed by various writers
and critics as the Visayan Titan of Letters, due to his immense
contribution to Visayan literature.[1] He was recognized in 2018 as
a National Artist of the Philippines for Literature - a conferment
which represents the Philippine state's highest recognition for
artists.

Early Life and Education

Mojares was born to parents who were public school teachers on

September 4, 1943 in Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte.
Mojares has a bachelor's degree in English, a master's degree in Literature and postgraduate
studies all at the University of San Carlos, as well as a Ph.D. in Literature from the University
of the Philippines Diliman.

Notable Works
Origins and Rise of the Filipino Novel: A Generic Study of the Novel Until 1940 (Quezon City,
UP Press, 1983; second ed. 1998)
The Man Who Would Be President: Serging Osmeña and Philippine Politics (Cebu: Maria
Cacao, 1986)
Waiting for Mariang Makiling: Essays on Philippine Cultural History (Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 2002)
Theater in Society, Society in Theater: Social History of a Cebuano Village, 1840-1940
(Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1985)
The War Against the Americans: Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu, 1899-1906 (Quezon
City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999)
House of Memory: Essays (Metro Manila: Anvil Publishing, 1997)
Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the
Production of Modern Knowledge (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2006)
Isabelo’s Archive (Metro Manila: Anvil Publishing, 2013).

Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the
Production of Modern Knowledge

This is a richly textured portrait of the generation that created the self-consciousness of the Filipino
nation. The book was designed for reading and reference in school purposes.

War against the Americans: Resistance and Collaboration in Cebu, 1899–1906

A definitive account of the American Occupation of Cebu province. Brings together a large mass of
original data not only on battles and skirmishes, but also on such topics as the finances of the
resistance, collaboration, and factionalism among Cebuanos. Tells of brigandage and the background
and motives of the personalities involved in the events. Carries the reader forward, beyond the war
itself, to a reflection of the making of local history.
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Professor Thomas Michael McKenna is an
interdisciplinary scholar in the history of philosophy, religion, and the
arts. He began his career as a musician. He is also a poet and has
edited the short run journal Holler: A Journal of Poetry and Prose, now
part of the permanent collection of the West Virginia Culture Center in
Charleston, West Virginia. As a professor, Dr. McKenna says his goal
is to help students understand that the answers to life’s big questions
vary, but that it is important to understand everyone else’s answers to
better grasp the rich diversity of our world our place in it. Whether it be
Language, Literature, History, Philosophy, or Religion, the Department
of Humanities will prepare you for success in any field you choose by
teaching you how to listen more carefully, to read with greater
understanding, and how to write more effectively, all while acquiring a
better understanding of the language, literature, history, philosophy and religion of the wider world. ―We
live in a rich and diverse world. The more we know about the people in it, what they think about it, and
why they think so, the better we’ll do…no matter what we choose to do for a living.‖

Education

Ph.D., M.A., Yale University (2004,2003)

M.A., St. Bonaventure University (1991)

B.A., University of Delaware (1989)

Research

Dr. Mc Kenna’a research interests include the thought of Bonaventure, a 13th century Parisian
philosopher and theologian, and Jacoponi of Todi, a fourteenth century Italian poet. He is also the
publisher and editor of Holler: A Journal of Poetry and Prose.

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Moro Warrior: A Philippine Chieftain, an American Schoolmaster, and the Untold Story of the
Most Remarkable Resistance Fighters of the Pacific War

Moro Warrior tells the remarkable true story of the Philippine Muslim (Moro) resistance fighters of World
War II—the most successful and least known guerrillas of the Pacific Theater. It is the story of
Mohammad Adil, a sword-wielding warrior chieftain commissioned as a junior officer in Douglas
MacArthur's guerrilla army while still a teenager. Confident in his secret protective powers learned from
a Sufi master, Adil roamed the highland rainforests with a price on his head, attacking Japanese
outposts, surviving ambushes, and gaining a reputation as a man who could not be killed.

It is also the story of the colonial official Edward Kuder, foster father to Mohammad Adil and a rare
American friend to the Moros, who sheltered him during the Japanese occupation. Kuder was the sole
chronicler of the early Moro resistance—an armed opposition so vigorous that the soldiers of the
Imperial Japanese Army found themselves outfought time and again by Moro irregulars.

When the soldiers of the Empire of Japan invaded their homeland, the Moros, sometimes with swords
as their only weapons, bravely fought on alone after the rapid American surrender of the Philippines. At
the urging of Edward Kuder, they later joined the American-led guerrilla movement that emerged in
1943 and served with distinction, but their exceptional contribution to the defeat of the Japanese
occupiers and the liberation of the Philippines has never been properly acknowledged. Here, based on
the vivid recollections of Mohammad Adil and the wartime writings of Edward Kuder, the extraordinary
achievements and sacrifices of the Moro freedom fighters of Mindanao finally receive their full due.

Muslim rulers and rebels : everyday politics and armed separatism in the southern Philippines

In this first ground-level account of the Muslim separatist rebellion in the Philippines, Thomas McKenna
challenges prevailing anthropological analyses of nationalism as well as their underlying assumptions
about the interplay of culture and power. He examines Muslim separatism against a background of
more than four hundred years of political relations among indigenous Muslim rulers, their subjects, and
external powers seeking the subjugation of Philippine Muslims. He also explores the motivations of the
ordinary men and women who fight in armed separatist struggles and investigates the formation of
nationalist identities

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Jim Richardson studies Philippine History, Spanish colonialism in the Philippines, and Philippine
Studies. He is an independent scholar whose research focuses on Philippine nationalism and
radicalism in the 19th and 20th centuries. His publications include Roots of Dependency: Political and
Economic Revolution in 19th Century Philippines (co-authored with Jonathan Fast); The Philippines
(World Bibliographical Series); Komunista: The Genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902-1935;
and The Light of Liberty: Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897. He lives in London.

Books

Classic Car Restorer's Handbook: Restoration Tips and Techniques for Owners and Restorers of
Classic and Collectible Automobiles

High School: U.S.A. (A Black starbook)

The Classic Chevy Truck Handbook HP 1534

Sinsemilla: Marijuana Flowers

The United States Air Force Academy (American College Series)

Time on Target!: From Donalsonville to Pont-A-Mousson

How to Build a Small Block Chevy for the Street

Komunista: The Genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902-1935

Komunista presents a most comprehensive and detailed history of the beginnings of what eventually
became the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. It traces the roots of the movement to the labor federation
formed from among gremios or guilds, neighborhood associations, and trade or shop associations of
printers, tabaqueros, tailors, sculptors, seamen, and cooks. It provides portraits of the movement's
leadership as it evolved through the years, notably citing personalities such as Isabelo de los Reyes,
Juan Feleo, and Crisanto Evangelista.

The Light of Liberty: Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897

Most of the 73 Katipunan documents in this volume were seized by the Guardia Civil in Manila in 1896-
1897 and locked away for decades in the Spanish military archives. Transcribed and published here
for the first time are two versions of the Katipunan’s founding statutes of 1892; more than twenty
records of the Supreme Council; initiation rituals; draft contributions to KALAYAAN, the KKK newspaper;
and letters of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto. Also included here are a few better known
documents, such as Bonifacio’s ―Decalogue,‖ Jacinto’s ―Kartilya‖ the Acta de Tejeros, and the Naik
Military Agreement. The original Tagalog texts are in most cases preceded by brief introductions and
followed by English translations or paraphrases. Supplementary essays discuss the
Katipunan’sleadership and structure in the city and province of Manila, and the contested
historiography of the Katipunan. This volume provides a wealth of fresh insights into the character,
ideals and travails of the secret society that launched the struggle for liberty.

14
Carlos Lozada Quirino (14 January 1910 – 20 May 1999)
was a Philippine biographer and historian. Not only known for his
works on biographies and history but also on varied subjects
such as the old maps of the Philippines and also the culinary
legacy of the country.

Early Life

Carlos Quirino is a nephew of Philippine president Elpidio

Quirino.[2] He is a famous Filipino historian and biographer at his
time, receiving his journalism degree in 1931 from the University
of Wisconsin at Madison.[3] Known for his early biography of
Jose Rizal entitled "The Great Malayan" (1940),he also wrote several works in relation with the
Philippine history and biographies of President Manuel Quezon and the painter Damian
Domingo.

Quirino joined the Philippine Army and became second lieutenant before the outbreak of World
War II. During the Japanese occupation, he was forced to join the Bataan Death March but
escaped and joined the underground resistance.

Under President Diosdado Macapagal, Quirino became director of the National Library. He
was also became the first director of the Ayala Museum in 1970 due to his historical expertise.

In 1997 he was recognised as a National Artist of the Philippines for Historical Literature.

Books

Man of Destiny (1935)

The Great Malayan (1940)

Magsaysay and the Philippines (1958)

Philippine Cartography (1959)

Damian Domingo: First Eminent Filipino Painter (1961)

History of the Philippine Sugar Industry (1974)

Filipinos at War (1981)

Amang, the Life and Times of Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr. (1983)

15
The Great Malayan

First penned for the 1938 Commonwealth Biography contest, Carlos Quirino's The Great
Malayan is a sweeping and majestic life story of the Philippine national patriot. José Rizal. Epic
in scope, brimming with drama and insight, the novel is a masterful study of Rizal's brief but
brilliant life, from Kalamba to Bagumbayan. In his book Mr. Quirino paints the many faces of
Rizal in stark and colorful hues against the tumultuous backdrop of a nation in search of its
identity and ultimately, its freedom.'

Man of Destiny

A timely biography of the president. Early life, as student & soldier, years of preparation for
leadership, the making of a hero, struggle with Osmena & Wood, the last duel with Osmena &
triumphant leadership reaffirmed with a biography of Aurora, the first Lady of the Land. A
fascinating study. A scan can be sent by email.

16
Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga y Díaz de Ilarraza ( Aguilar de Codés , June 16, 1760 -
Manila , March 7, 1818 ) . Spanish priest and chronicler of the Philippines . He studied at the Royal
College of Augustinian Missionaries of Valladolid , where he professed in 1779 . After a year's stay in
Mexico , he embarked in Acapulco bound for the Philippines, arriving in Manila in August 1786 , being
sent to Batangas to study the Tagalog language . He was entrusted with the parishes of Batangas ,
Tambobon , Hagonoy , Calumpit , Passig and Parañaque . In 1790 he is named Reader; two years
later Provincial Secretary, in 1806Prior Provincial and then Qualifier of the Holy Office .

He wrote Historia de las Islas Filipinas , published in Sampaloc in 1803 and translated into English by
John Maver in 1814 under the title An Historical View of the Philippine Islands and two editions were
made of it. Five copies of this work in Spanish have been located: one in the Library of the Naval
Museum of Madrid ; two at the Royal Academy of History ; one at the Diocesan Seminary-Faculty of
Theology of Vitoria and another at the University of Navarra . The work consists of 37 chapters and
covers from the discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellanuntil the entrance of Anda in Manila
when it was delivered by the English in 1764 . He met Alessandro Malaspina when he arrived in Manila
in 1792 at the head of a scientific expedition that he was carrying out through the Empire's possessions
in America, Asia and Oceania.

At the end of 1799 the lieutenant general of the Navy Ignacio María de Álava y Navarrete arrived with a
squadron to organize the naval forces of the Philippines. On this trip and the next in 1802 , he
organized expeditions throughout the archipelago. The fact that General Álava chose Fray Zúñiga as
cicerone and guide for both shows how much he was worth. As a result of these trips, between 1803
and 1805 he wrote his great work De él Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas, or my travels through this
country. Although his intention must have been to publish it, for unknown reasons, perhaps due to
censorship, since he was quite critical of the behavior of the Colonial authorities whose chief was
General Aguilar, the manuscript remained unpublished until 1893 , when it was published by Retana.
The work of Martínez de Zúñiga in two volumes, consists of 29 chapters in which most of the islands of
the archipelago are described with great accuracy. It is a treatise on history, geography, ethnography,
and geology that did not exist until then, which is why it became a key work in the Philippine
bibliography. Copies of Statehood are found in many Spanish libraries. He translated and printed Le
Gentil's work under the title of Travels . He also wrote religious themes such as the Historia and
Novena de la Virgen del Buen Suceso . Undoubtedly, Fray Joaquin Martínez de Zúñiga, OSA footwear
Augustinian, is the most illustrious person born in Aguilar de Codés.

Books

An Historical View of the Philippine Islands Exhibiting Their Discovery, Population, Language,
Government, Manners, Customs, Productions and Commerce (Complete)

History of the Philippine Islands (Vol. 1&2): Their Discovery, Population, Language, Government,
Manners, Customs, Productions and Commerce (Complete Edition)

An Historical View of the Philippine Islands - Scholar's Choice Edition

17
An Historical View of the Philippine Islands - Scholar's Choice Edition

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An Historical View of the Philippine Islands Exhibiting Their Discovery, Population,

Language, Government, Manners, Customs, Productions and Commerce (Complete)

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to that intended by the original publisher.

18
Prof. Rudy Buhay Rodil is an author of several books on Mindanao and a peace
advocate, was vice-chair of the disbanded government peace panel that negotiated with the
Moro Islamic Liberation Front. He was also part of past peace panels, including the panel that
negotiated for the 1996 Final Peace Agreement with the Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF).

Books

The Lumad and Moro of Mindanao by B. R Rodil

The minoritization of the indigenous communities of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago by B.
R Rodil

Kalinaw Mindanaw : the story of the GRP-MNLF peace process, 1975-1996 by B. R Rodil

A story of Mindanao and Sulu in question and answer

Kasaysayan ng mga pamayanan ng Mindanao at arkipelago ng Sulu, 1596-1898 by B. R Rodil

GRP-MILF peace process by B. R Rodil

Peace process between Government of the Republic of Phillipines and Moro Islamic Liberation
Front

The Lumad and Moro of Mindanao

This document analyzes the two main indigenous groups in the south of the Philippines. It outlines the
history of the Lumad and Moro communities of Mindanao. The document discusses the effects of
development and business interests in the region, and their campaigns around land issues. The Lumad
and Moro accept the need to develop new sources of energy, but ask that their ancestral lands, and
their ability to manage them in line with sustainable development, be recognized and respected. Both
groups have maintained distinct and enduring identities in the face of Spanish and U.S. colonization,
and the policies of the predominantly Christian Philippines government. The Lumad retain traditional
beliefs and customs, while the Moro have embraced Islam. Inextricably linked is the 20 year old war of
attrition the government has waged with the Moro National Liberation Front. The booklet contains a
glossary at the beginning of the document. This is followed by a brief political history of the Philippines
as background. The second chapter is an introduction to the Lumad and Moro groups of Mindanao. The
next four chapters describe the Moro's struggle for self determination, Lumad objection to the Philippine
National Oil Company's plan to drill geothermal wells in the area of the dormant volcano of Mount Apo,

19
the Agus I hydroelectric plant, and prospects for problem resolution and peace. A chapter on directions
for the future is included. Includes 40 references, 3 maps, and 70 notes.

Francisco J. “Pancho” Lara Jr. is a Professor at the University of the Philippines,

Diliman (UP), and Senior Peace and Conflict Adviser to International Alert Philippines. He
holds an undergraduate degree from the University of the Philippines, and both an MSc (1997)
and PhD (2011) in International Development from the London School of Economics and
Political Science (LSE). He was research associate at the LSE Crisis States Research Centre
from 2008-2011; taught classes at the LSE Development Studies Institute; and wrote on
political economy issues in Indonesia and the Philippines for the LSE-IDEAS Emerging
Markets Bulletin from 2007-2009.

Professor Lara has written extensively on violent extremism and post-modern conflict and is
co-editor of a book on Mindanao’s shadow economies and their links to conflict and poverty
entitled: Out of the Shadows: Violent Conflict and the Real Economy of Mindanao that won the
Philippines’ National Book Award for the Social Sciences in 2016. He also authored the book,
―Insurgents, Clans, and States: Political Legitimacy and Resurgent Conflict in Muslim
Mindanao‖ (2014) published by the Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Books:
Out of the Shadows: Violent Conflict and the Real Economy of Mindanao

Insurgents, Clans, and States: Political Legitimacy and Resurgent Conflict in Muslim Mindanao,
Philippines

20
Out of the Shadows: Violent Conflict and the Real Economy of Mindanao

Informal and unregulated economic activities remain an important feature of Mindanao's

economy. Despite it's enduring presence, the informal economy has largely been overlooked in
the analysis of Mindanao's conflict dynamics. As a result, little is understood about the informal
economy's impact on armed violence, development, and governance. This study, which
represents the first attempt to incorporate the informal economy into the broader analysis of
the region, argues that one cannot comprehend Mindanao's political and economic challenges,
let alone address them, unless these shadow economies are scrutinized further.

Insurgents, Clans, and States: Political Legitimacy and Resurgent Conflict in Muslim
Mindanao, Philippines

Why were Moro insurgents unable to sustain their authority and legitimacy after gaining access
to political power? The study shows how rebels who surrendered their arms in exchange for
formal authority were unable to compete with powerful clans and local elites who provided
basic security; captured increasing amounts of internal revenue allotments under a regime of
devolution; and, enabled the spread of a shadow economy that boosted their power and
allowed citizens to secure their livelihoods with little taxation by the state. The implications are
quite startling. Political legitimacy is not necessarily about building a strong state, but about
weakening it. Legitimacy may be less about building peace, and more about demonstrating an
ability to inflict violence. This books is useful to scholars interested in other contexts of
insurgency and rebellion, and in understanding the challenges that lie behind sub-national
state building and political settlements.

21
Laura Lee Junker is a Professor in the Department of
Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, carries research in
Southeast Asian archaeology. She has engaged in archaeological
fieldwork in the Philippines over a several decades career,
focused on topics including pre-colonial Southeast Asian political
formations, population dynamics and urbanism, long-distance
Indian Ocean-East Asian Seas maritime trade, political economy,
slavery and warfare, forager-farmer interactions, women's roles in
Southeast Asian societies, ritual feasting, social networks. Books
include 'Raiding, Trading and Feasting: The Political Economy of
Philippine Chiefdoms and 'Forager-Traders in South and
Southeast Asia'.

Education

PhD, University of Michigan

MA, University of Pennsylvania

BA, University of Michigan

Books
1999 Junker, Laura Lee. Raiding, Trading and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine
Chiefdoms. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. [2000 co-publication Ateneo de Manila Press]
2003 Morrison, Kathleen and Laura Lee Junker, eds. Forager-Traders in South and Southeast
Asia: Long-Term Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS (selected for topical breadth):
2018 Junker, Laura Lee and Larissa Smith. Farmer and Forager Interactions in Southeast
Asia. In Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology, eds. Junko Habu, Peter Lape,
John Olsen, and Jing Zhichun. Springer Press.
2018 Junker, Laura. Conflictive Trade, Value and Power Relations in Maritime Trading
Polities of the 10th-16thCenturies Philippines. In Trade and Civilization, eds. Kristian
Kristiansen, Thomas Lindkvist and Janken Myrdal, pp. 413-452. Cambridge University Press.
2014 Junker, Laura Lee. Archaeology of Chiefdoms. International Encyclopedia of the
Behavioral and Social Sciences, pp. 376-382. London: Elsevier Press.
2013 Junker, Laura Lee. Konfliktreicher Handel entlang der Grenzen: Die Archäologie eines
vorkolonialen philippinischen Klanfürstentums (Conflictive Trade Along the Margins: The
Archaeology of a Pre-colonial Philippine Chiefdom). Antike Welte5(13): 1-11. [in German]

22
2010 Junker, Laura Lee and Lisa M. Niziolek. Food Preparation and Feasting in the
Household and Political Economy of Prehispanic Philippine Chiefdoms. In E. Klarich (ed.),
Archaeological

Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms

As early as the first millennium A.D., the Philippine archipelago formed the easternmost edge
of a vast network of Chinese, Southeast Asian, Indian, and Arab traders. Items procured
through maritime trade became key symbols of social prestige and political power for the
Philippine chiefly elite. Raiding, Trading, and Feasting presents the first comprehensive
analysis of how participation in this trade related to broader changes in the political economy of
these Philippine island societies. By combining archaeological evidence with historical sources,
Laura Junker is able to offer a more nuanced examination of the nature and evolution of
Philippine maritime trading chiefdoms. Most importantly, she demonstrates that it is the
dynamic interplay between investment in the maritime luxury goods trade and other evolving
aspects of local political economies, rather than foreign contacts, that led to the cyclical
coalescence of larger and more complex chiefdoms at various times in Philippine history.

A broad spectrum of historical and ethnographic sources, ranging from tenth-century Chinese
tributary trade records to turn-of-the-century accounts of chiefly "feasts of merit," highlights
both the diversity and commonality in evolving chiefly economic strategies within the larger
political landscape of the archipelago. The political ascendance of individual polities, the
emergence of more complex forms of social ranking, and long-term changes in chiefly
economies are materially documented through a synthesis of archaeological research at sites
dating from the Metal Age (late first millennium B.C.) to the colonial period. The author draws
on her archaeological fieldwork in the Tanjay River basin to investigate the long-term dynamics
of chiefly political economy in a single region.

Reaching beyond the Philippine archipelago, this study contributes to the larger
anthropological debate concerning ecological and cultural factors that shape political economy
in chiefdoms and early states. It attempts to address the question of why Philippine polities,
like early historic kingdoms elsewhere in Southeast Asia, have a segmentary political structure
in which political leaders are dependent on prestige goods exchanges, personal charisma, and
ritual pageantry to maintain highly personalized power bases.

Raiding, Trading, and Feasting is a volume of impressive scholarship and substantial scope
unmatched in the anthropological and historical literature. It will be welcomed by Pacific and
Asian historians and anthropologists and those interested in the theoretical issues of chiefdom.

23
Patricio “Jojo” Abinales grew up on the northwestern side of
the Philippine island of Mindanao. He graduated with a degree in
History from the University of the Philippines-Diliman (UP), and Ph.D. in
Government and Southeast Asian Studies from Cornell University. He
taught at the Department of Political Science at Ohio University from
1997 to 1999 before moving to the Center for Southeast Asian Studies
at Kyoto University in 2000. From 2010-2011, Jojo was a visiting
scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in
Washington DC, where he did research on the political economy of US
economic assistance in Muslim Mindanao. In 2011 he joined the faculty
of the Asian Studies Program at UH-Manoa.

Apart from his academic work, Jojo also writes political commentaries and book reviews for two e-
magazines

Education

Ph.D. Government and Asian Studies, Cornell, 1997

MA Cornell University, Department of Government, 1991

BA History, University of the Philippines-Diliiman, 1978

Books:
The Revolution Falters: The Left in Philippine Politics after 1986 (Studies of the
Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University)
The Revolution Falters: The Left in Philippine
State and Society in the Philippines (State & Society in East Asia)
Modern Philippines (Understanding Modern Nations)
State and Society in the Philippines (State & Society East Asia)
Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine
Nation-State
The Joys of Dislocation : Mindanao, Nation and Region

24
The US and the War on Terror in the Philippines
The Revoluiton Falters: The Left in Philllippine Politics After 1986.
Orthodoxy And History in the Muslim-Mindanao Narrative
Dislocating Nation-States (12) (Kyoto Area Studies on Asia)

Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine Nation-State

The Joys of Dislocation : Mindanao, Nation and Region

Southern Mindanao became the battleground of two major rebellions in the 1970s: one sought to create
a separate Muslim state, and the other--a communist insurgency--aspired to overthrow the Philippine
state. Standard explanations of these rebellions point to the explosive combination of historic ethnic
disputes, massive demographic changes accompanying the closure of the frontier, rising class
inequalities, the entry of transnational capital, and the militarization of southern Mindanao.

While not denying explanatory value to these arguments, this book rejects ethnicity and political
economy as the dominant causes. Making Mindanao argues that colonial construction of the state and
its subsequent transformation from the colonial to the post colonial period largely shaped Mindanao's
political landscape. The book thus focuses on how local power was determined by state formation and
how the state's ability to establish its authority was mediated by mutual accommodation between strong
men who controlled this frontier zone. It compares Cotabato and Davao to show the process of state
formation and the shaping of local power from the American period (1900-1941) to the eye of the
declaration of martial law by Ferdinand Marcos (1946-1972).

Modern Philippines (Understanding Modern Nations)

The Philippines is a nation that has experience being ruled by two separate colonial powers, home to a
people who have had strong attachments to democratic politics, with a culture that is a rich mix of
Chinese, Spanish, and American influences. What are important characteristics of contemporary daily
life and culture in the Philippines today?

This volume explores the geography, history, and society of this important island nation. Thematic
chapters examine topics such as government and politics, history, food, etiquette, education, gender,
marriage and sexuality, media and popular culture, music, art, and more. Each chapter opens with a
general overview of the topic and is followed by alphabetically arranged entries that home in even
closer on the topic. Sidebars and illustrations appear throughout the text, and appendixes cover a
glossary, facts and figures, holidays chart, and vignettes that paint a picture of a typical "Day in the Life"
of students and adults in the country. A bibliography rounds out the work. Modern Philippines is a
comprehensive volume on this leading Southeast Asia island nation.

25
Professor Faina C. Abaya-Ulindang of the History Department, Mindanao State
University-Marawi campus earned her Bachelor of Arts major in History(1972),Master of Arts in
Asian Studies (1982) and Doctor of Philosophy major in History (1996) at the University of the
Philippines, Diliman Quezon City.

Her works largely deal with the social history of Mindanao, specifically migration and
resettlement, war in Mindanao, slavery, and women’s movements. Some of her writings are
published in the Mindanao Journal, MSU Graduate School Research Journal, Adhika Journal,
NHI Kasaysayan Journal, NCCA Batis, and ADHIKA & NHI Kasaysayan ng Bayan. She is
presently involved with the writing of a textbook on Philippine History 1 of the Mindanao State
University and has finished (in limited circulation) a sourcebook for Asian Civilization. She has
also contributed to the ICAS newsletter an article on Chinese slavery for the SAGE Encyclopedia on
the Social Sciences.

She is currently a full time faculty of the History Department, and part time faculty of the Graduate
School MSU-Marawi. She was the former MSU-Marawi College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Coordinator for Research & Extension (1999-2007). She also served as a member of the NCCA
Executive Council for the National Committee on Historical Research(1998-2004;2007-10)and member
of the Board of Directors, Adhika ng Pilipinas (1998-2007).

Books

Tambayayong : ang bayanihan sa kasaysayan at kalinangang Pilipino by Pambansang Kumperensiya

sa Kasaysayan at Kalinangan

Abstracts : International Association of Historians of Asia, 13th Conference : September 5-9, 1994,
Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan by IAHA Conference

Resettling the Hulks in the land of Promise: The story of the economic development corps in Mindanao,
1950-1970

26
Tambayayong : ang bayanihan sa kasaysayan at kalinangang Pilipino by
Pambansang Kumperensiya sa Kasaysayan at Kalinangan

Philippines history and culture on mutual cooperation among Filipinos; papers of

a conference

Resettling the Hulks in the land of Promise: The story of the economic
development corps in Mindanao, 1950-1970

In Luzon, the second world war led to the founding of a peasant guerilla force,
which was at the same time a united front of militant but inchoate peasant, labor,
and professional groups. This was the Hukbaalahap or Hukbo ng Bayan Laban
sa hapon. Appropriating the slogan ―Land for the Masses‖, the economic
development corps implemented the resettlement of the huks as a counter
insurgency program during the time of President Elpidio Quirino and President
Ramon Magsaysay. To entice the Huks to surrender, it promised land to the
landless huks in the peripheral areas of Luzon and Mindanao. The
programhelped propel the rise to power of the ―Man of the Masses‖, Ramon
Magsaysay. This book present the history of edcor- its conception and eventual
implementation of a resettlement program for the Huk surrenderees in Mindanao.
Its implications on Magsaysay’s political career continued relevance to the
contemporary unrest in Mindnao.

27
Redemptorist Bro. Carlito “Karl” M Gaspar CSsR
is Academic Dean of the Redemptorists’ St. Alphonsus Theological
and Mission Institute (SATMI) in Davao City and a professor of
Anthropology at the Ateneo de Davao University. Gaspar is author
of several books, including ―Desperately Seeking God’s Saving
Action: Yolanda Survivors’ Hope Beyond Heartbreaking
Lamentations‖ and two books on Davao history launched in
December 2015. He writes two columns for MindaNews, one in
English (A Sojourner’s Views) and the other in Binisaya (Panaw-
Lantaw)]. He is also a poet-songwriter, a professor, a prolific book
writer especially about the indigenous peoples and a political
detainee at the height of the Marcos dictatorship and still standing
up for peace decades hence. He is described most by his
colleagues as a man with spirituality that embraces the poor and the oppressed. He was born on June
8, 1947 in Davao City, Bro, Karl completed his doctoral degree in Philippine Studies from the University
of the Philippines (UP) in Quezon City in 2001. He is a post graduate of Master of Science in
Economics from Asian Social Institute in Manila in 1971, and a graduate of Bachelor of Arts in
Sociology from Ateneo de Davao University in 1967.

Bro. Karl grew up in the cities of Davao and Digos. His parents Salvador and Josefina Gaspar, who
originated from Capiz and Pangasinan, respectively, decided to transfer to Davao City just before the
outbreak of the World War II. He was arrested on September 23, 1972 and placed under house arrest
for three months. Then, he was arrested and imprisoned overnight in Lake Sebu in South Cotabato in
1974, detained for 22 months at Davao Metrodiscom stockade, acquitted by Regional Trial Court (RTC)
and released in February 1985. It was in 1985 when Karl joined the Congregation of the Most Holy
Redeemer (Redemptorist) as a Religious Brother. At present, Bro. Karl is also a lecturer, resource
person, evaluator and consultant of various educational institutions, church and non-governmental
organizations with several awards and citations.He considers travelling different parts of the world as
his greatest achievement, saying he had visited places which he only dreamed of when he was a young
boy.

Books
•Manobo dreams in Arakan : a people’s struggle to keep their homeland
•The Lumad’s struggle in the face of globalization
•Mapagpakamalinawon : a reader for the Mindanawon peace advocate

28
•Pumipiglas : teyolohiya ng bayan = A preliminary sketch on the theology of struggle : from a
cultural-liturgical perspective
•Mystic-wanderers in the land of perpetual departure
•Readings on contemporary Mindanao church realities
•You are not forgotten! : symbols during martial law
•Behind the growing trees : an evaluation of the San Fernando Integrated Forestation Project
•The masses are Messiah : contemplating the Filipino soul
•Si Menda ug ang Bagani’ng gitahapan nga maong si Mangulayon

Manobo Dreams in Arakan: A People's Struggle to Keep Their Homeland (Mindanao Studies)

This is Karl Gaspar's latest book, a scholar-cum-activist's account of a familiar and recurring episode in
Mindanawon history, the struggle over the Lumad's ancestral lands. When the Manobos in Arakan
Valley had to confront the colonization of their lifeworld and the potential loss of their homeland to
logging concessionaires, a group of missionaries, community organizers and theater workers joined
forces with them to put up a truly collective resistance and in so doing affirmed their own cultural
identities.

To Be Poor And Obscure: The Spiritual Sojourn of a Mindanawon

This book is intended for students, teachers, and researchers who are interested in reading historical
books.

As one walks through these confessional essays, one encounters Karl and his world, where the
personal, political, and spiritual are interwoven into a Lumad design. Here he reveals himself as a true
anthropologist, a radical lover of humankind in the particular persons and communities he lives and
works with in his homeland, Mindanao.

29
Ronald K. Edgerton is professor emeritus of history at the University of Northern
Colorado. He previously lived in the Philippines, first as a Peace Corps volunteer and later as a
Fulbright Scholar. He is the author of People of the Middle Ground: A Century of Conflict and
Accommodation in Central Mindanao, 1880s–1980s.

Books
American Datu: John J. Pershing and Counterinsurgency Warfare in the Muslim Philippines,
1899-1913 (Battles and Campaigns)
People of the Middle Ground: A Century of Conflict and Central Mindanao, 1880-1980s

American Datu: John J. Pershing and Counterinsurgency Warfare in the Muslim Philippines, 1899-
1913 (Battles and Campaigns)
"This fraught and fascinating biography of Pershing in the Philippines gives a glimpse of the voices of
Filipino Muslims as they engaged the governing American military officers. It also establishes Pershing's
tactics as the forerunner of today's counterinsurgency strategy associated with General David
Petraeus."―"―Patricio N. Abinales, coauthor of State and Society in the Philippines
"Few people understand the history of Mindanao under American rule as well as Edgerton does. He
deftly describes the conflict from both sides, explaining the Moros' perspective alongside US efforts to
gain control. Edgerton shows with fascinating detail how John Pershing's 'progressive' approach to
governing clashed with traditional, often racist calls for harsh military action and made way for modern
counterinsurgency tactics. This book draws you in; you do not want to put it down."―"―Kenton
Clymer, author of A Delicate Relationship: The United States and Burma/Myanmar since 1945
""Few people understand the history of Mindanao under American rule as well as Edgerton does. He
deftly describes the conflict from both sides, explaining the Moros' perspective alongside US efforts to
gain control. Edgerton shows with fascinating detail how John Pershing's 'progressive' approach to
governing clashed with traditional, often racist calls for harsh military action and made way for modern
counterinsurgency tactics. This book draws you in; you do not want to put it down."―"―Kenton
Clymer, author of A Delicate Relationship: The United States and Burma/Myanmar since 1945
""This fraught and fascinating biography of Pershing in the Philippines gives a glimpse of the voices of
Filipino Muslims as they engaged the governing American military officers. It also establishes Pershing's
tactics as the forerunner of today's counterinsurgency strategy associated with General David
Petraeus."―"―Patricio N. Abinales, coauthor of State and Society in the Philippines

People of the Middle Ground: A Century of Conflict and Central Mindanao, 1880-1980s

30
This book tells the story of people in central Mindanao who, over time, developed a masterful capacity
to borrow from the new without losing touch with the old, reimagining themselves not as willing
Western clones or stubborn tribal traditionalists, but as virtuosos at articulating between multiple ways
of being.
Its central question is: How did they negotiate the middle ground in a world of swirling change? In
answering that question, Dr. Edgerton provides a fascinating case study that will be invaluable to
scholars everywhere who seek to understand how people with little power manage to articulate a
changing sense of identity in the face of forces far more powerful than themselves.

José P. Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Rizal

Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos in
the town of Calamba in Laguna province. He had nine sisters and
one brother. His parents were leaseholders of a hacienda and an
accompanying rice farm held by the Dominicans. Both their
families had adopted the additional surnames of Rizal and
Realonda in 1849, after Governor General Narciso Clavería y
Zaldúa decreed the adoption of Spanish surnames among the
Filipinos for census purposes (though they already had Spanish
names).

Like many families in the Philippines, the Rizals were of mestizo origin.
José's patrilineal lineage could be traced to Fujian in China through his father's ancestor Lam-Co, a
Hokkien Chinese merchant who immigrated to the Philippines in the late 17th century. Lam-Co traveled
to Manila from Xiamen, China, possibly to avoid the famine or plague in his home district, and more
probably to escape the Manchu invasion during the Transition from Ming to Qing. He decided to stay in
the islands as a farmer. In 1697, to escape the bitter anti-Chinese prejudice that existed in the
Philippines, he converted to Catholicism, changed his name to Domingo Mercado and married the
daughter of Chinese friend Augustin Chin-co.
On his mother's side, Rizal's ancestry included Chinese and Tagalog. His mother's lineage can
be traced to the affluent Florentina family of Chinese mestizo families originating in Baliuag,
Bulacan. He also had Spanish ancestry. Regina Ochoa, a grandmother of his mother, Teodora,
had mixed Spanish, Chinese and Tagalog blood. His maternal grandfather was a half Spanish
engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo.
From an early age, José showed a precocious intellect. He learned the alphabet from his
mother at 3, and could read and write at age 5. Upon enrolling at the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila, he dropped the last three names that made up his full name, on the advice of his
brother, Paciano and the Mercado family, thus rendering his name as "José Protasio Rizal". Of
this, he later wrote: "My family never paid much attention [to our second surname Rizal], but
now I had to use it, thus giving me the appearance of an illegitimate child!"This was to enable
him to travel freely and disassociate him from his brother, who had gained notoriety with earlier
links to Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (popularly known as
Gomburza), who had been accused and executed for treason.

Works and writings

31
Rizal wrote mostly in Spanish, the lingua franca of the Spanish East Indies,
though some of his letters (for example Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos)
were written in Tagalog. His works have since been translated into a number of
languages including Tagalog and English.
Novels and essays
"El amor patrio", 1882 essay
"Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo", 1884 speech given at Restaurante
Ingles, Madrid
Noli Me Tángere, 1887 novel (literally Latin for 'touch me not', from John 20:17)
Alin Mang Lahi ("Whate'er the Race"), a Kundiman attributed to Dr. José Rizal
"Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga-Malolos" (To the Young Women of Malolos), 1889
letter
Annotations to Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1889[66]
"Filipinas dentro de cien años" (The Philippines a Century Hence), 1889–90
essay
"Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos" (The Indolence of Filipinos), 1890 essay
"Como se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the Philippine islands), 1890 essay
El filibusterismo, 1891 novel; sequel to Noli Me Tángere
Una visita del Señor a Filipinas, also known as Friars and Filipinos, 14-page
unfinished novel written in 1889
Memorias de un Gallo, two-page unfinished satire[69]
Makamisa, unfinished Tagalog-language novel written in 1892

Poetry
"Felicitación" (1874/75)
"El embarque"[71] (The Embarkation, 1875)
"Por la educación recibe lustre la patria" (1876)
"Un recuerdo á mi pueblo" (1876)
"Al niño Jesús" (c. 1876)
"A la juventud filipina" (To the Philippine Youth, 1879)
"¡Me piden versos!" (1882)
"Canto de María Clara" (from Noli Me Tángere, 1887)
"Himno al trabajo" (Dalit sa Paggawa, 1888)
"Kundiman" (disputed, 1889) - also attributed to Pedro Paterno
"A mi musa" (To My Muse, 1890)
"El canto del viajero" (1892–96)
"Mi retiro" (1895)
"Mi último adiós" (1896)
"Mi primera inspiracion" (disputed) - also attributed to Antonio Lopez, Rizal's
nephew
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Plays
El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of Gods)
Junto al Pasig (Along the Pasig)[74]: 381 
San Euistaquio, Mártyr (Saint Eustache, the Martyr)

The Reign of Greed (El Filibusterismo)

(Spanish for The Filibustering), also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is
the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me
Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. Rizal began the work in October 1887
while practicing medicine in Calamba. In London (1888), he made several changes to the plot
and revised a number of chapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript while in Paris,
Madrid, and Brussels, finally completing it on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. It was published the
same year in Ghent.

At present, El Filibusterismo is an important Filipino literary classic that is being studied in

secondary school (in the fourth year) in the Philippines, in accordance with the curriculum set
by the Commission on Higher Education.

The Social Cancer (Noli Me Tangere)

This novel has been a rich source of insights into the history and culture not only of 19th-
century Philippines but, as importantly, of the 20th-century as well. Its generally realistic
perspective offers the reader a panoramic view of a conflicted and deeply divided colonial
society. The characters in the novel stand out as recognizable types of individuals, both from
the ruling class and the oppressed, and the struggles they undergo are indices to the turbulent
conflicts in the 19th century. The novel is also significant for the specific ways in which it has
shaped the trajectory of realistic novels in English and Filipino. Such Filipino writers as Iñigo
Ed. Regalado, Faustino Agiular, Juan C. Laya, Stevan Javellana, Nick Joaquin, among others,
have been influenced by the themes, motifs, and characters of this novel.

At present, Noli Me Tangere is an important Filipino literary classic that is being studied in
secondary school (in the third year) in the Philippines, in accordance with the curriculum set by
the Commission on Higher Education.

33
Peter Gowing is a native of Massachusetts, USA, came to the Philippines as a missionary
in 1960, but spent most of his academic life in Silliman university in Dumaguete city, Negros
Oriental. He became a faculty member of its Divinity School, and later on, Professor in
Southeast Asian History, Politics, and geography. Gowing completed his PhD in 1968 at
Syracuse University with a dissertation that would become Mandate in Moro Land: The
American Government of Muslim Filipinos, 1899-1920. He published several other studies on
Muslim and Christians Filipinos, including of Different Minds: Christian and Muslim ways of
Looking at their Relations in the Philippines (1978) and Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and Horizon
(1979). Gowing also founded and became the director of the Dansalan Research Center in
Marawi city, Which sought to promote understanding between Muslims and Christians Filipinos.
He passed away on July 10, 1983.

Books

The Muslim Filipinos by Peter G Gowing

Muslim Filipinos : heritage and horizon by Peter G Gowing

Mosque and Moro : a study of Muslims in the Philippines by Peter G Gowing

Mandate in Moroland : the American government of Muslim Filipinos, 1899-1920 by Peter G

Gowing

Islands under the Cross; the story of the Church in the Philippines by Peter G Gowing

Acculturation in the Philippines; essays on changing societies. A selection of papers presented

at the Baguio Religious Acculturation Conferences from 1958 to 1968 by Peter G Gowing

Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines by Peter G Gowing

Christianity in the Philippines yesterday and today by Peter G Gowing

Moros and Khaek : the position of Muslim minorities in the Philippines and Thailand by Peter G
Gowing

34
Moros and Indians : commonalities of purpose, policy, and practice in American government of
two hostile subject peoples by Peter G Gowing

Past and present postures in Christian-Muslim relations in insular Southeast Asia by Peter G
Gowing

Newman Smyth : New England ecumenist by Peter G Gowing

Islam and Muslims in the Philippines; a bibliography of materials in English by Peter G Gowing

Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines

Arab and Gujarati traders and missionaries introduced Islam to the Philippines in the 14th century.
Overtime, Islam became a dominant religion and, in the southern Philippines the Sultan of Sulu carried
the title ―The Shadow of God on Earth.‖ Sultans also claimed to implement Islamic law and retained the
services of Middle Eastern Muslims as qadis (judges). Spain, which colonized the Philippines in the
16th century, was not successful in subduing the Muslims or in converting them to Christianity. The
three centuries of Spanish rule was beset by intermittent warfare in the South that combined political,
economic, and spiritual motives. These, plus Spain’s negative portrayals of Islam and Muslims
influenced negative perceptions of each other among Muslims and Christians. The Spanish used the
term Moro (Moors) in a derogatory way but in recent times, the word has been imbued with positive
meanings by Philippine Muslims to convey courage, bravery, and self-determination. When the United
States took over the Philippines from Spain, it did not impose a religion but maintained Spanish
emphasis on religion as identity markers and created the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes for Muslims
and indigenous non-Christian tribes. This ―othering‖ which was based on religion, persisted in the post-
independence period and affected Muslim–Christian relations. In addition, government neglect and
marginalization of the Muslim South resulted in economic disparities between Muslim and Christian
areas. These issues provided the impetus for Muslim-led rebellions from 1969 onward. Islam was
previously identified with ethnic tribes in southern provinces but the war in the mid-1970s between the
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and government forces drove many Muslims to seek refuge in
other parts of the country. The final peace agreement between the MNLF and the government in 1996
has not ended the conflict. Other groups like the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Abu
Sayyaf (ASG) also engaged in armed conflict in pursuit of the creation of an independent Islamic state.
The government, in an effort to end the war, launched various programs to help Muslims and promoted
the idea that Islam is part of the national heritage. These, in effect, helped provide a climate conducive
to Islamic resurgence. In the 1970s the Philippine government launched a labor migration program
sending Filipino workers to the Middle East, especially to Saudi Arabia. Many Christian Filipinos have
converted to Islam while in Saudi Arabia and on return to the Philippines have kept the new religion.
Today, Islam is still a minority religion in a country where the population is 85 percent Catholic.
However, there are now Muslim communities in every province, mosques have become part of the
landscape in Christian areas, Islamic schools have been established in several regions, and the
number of converts to Islam is rising. Aside from the earlier differences based on ethnicity, the
Philippine ummah is now a more diverse community that includes Sunnis, Shias, Jami at Tablighis, and
Ahmadiyyas, and a distinction between ―born Muslims‖ and converts is maintained
35
Muslim Filipinos : heritage and horizon

This book focuses on the Muslims of the Philippines, looking at such areas as: groups, Islamisation of
the Philippines, foreign rule, society and religion, common practices, literature, music and dancing, arts,
and government and political issues.

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