THIS IS NOT THE OFFICIAL SCRIPT, THIS IS ONLY A GUIDE AND

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
Raffle: We are happy to announce that we are going to have a raffle after the session. The mechanics
are simple: The participant can only be qualified to have an entry, if the participant is still in the
meeting after the session. There will be 3 winners and the prize is P500 peso voucher in Shoppee

DISCUSSION DRAFT REVISION:

First part of the discussion, briefly discuss word terminologies, diabetes and Diabetes control:
Importance. Then the three sections of Health Education Plan which are the Cognitive, Affective and
Psychomotor.

Briefly Discussion:
It is important to be familiar with some terminologies related to diabetes, this helps you to
understand and relate to the topic that will be discussed.
a.) Glucose - is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the
body’s cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances.
b.) Insulin - is a hormone that lowers or controls the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the
blood. It helps glucose enter the body cells where it can be used for energy or stored for future use.
c.) Hypoglycemia - It occurs when the level of glucose in the blood is lower than it should
be.(It’s a common problem in people being treated for diabetes. People with diabetes may experience
hypoglycemia (also called a low blood sugar reaction) if they don’t eat enough or if they take too
much glucose-lowering medication (such as insulin). A person with hypoglycemia may feel hungry,
shaky, sweaty, weak, drowsy, or dizzy. If left untreated, hypoglycemia may even lead to
unconsciousness.)
d.) Hyperglycemia - It occurs when the level of glucose in the blood is higher than it should
be. (Although there are other things that can lead to hyperglycemia, the most common cause is
diabetes. In diabetes, the body does not make enough insulin or it can’t respond normally to the insulin
that is made. This causes the level of glucose in the blood to rise, leading to symptoms such as
increased urination, extreme thirst, and unexplained weight loss.)

What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease that affects how the uses glucose (type of
sugar). Meaning the glucose from the food should get into your bloodstream. Then the pancreas
makes a hormone called insulin that helps the glucose in the blood to get into your body cells, where
it’s used as fuel or energy. When people get diabetes, the glucose in their blood doesn’t get into the
cells as it should, so it stays in the blood instead. This makes blood sugar level get too high and can
lead to symptoms like getting very thirsty or peeing a lot.
The two main types of diabetes that can occur during childhood or adulthood are:

1. Type 1 diabetes, which is when the pancreas can’t make insulin. People with type 1
diabetes have to monitor their blood sugar levels and take insulin every day (usually several
times a day) using a needle or an insulin pump.
2. Type 2 diabetes, which is when the pancreas makes insulin but it is either too little or the
body can’t respond to it properly (this is called insulin resistance). Most people who
develop type 2 diabetes are overweight, since extra body fat causes a person to have insulin
resistance. This is the most common type of diabetes in adults, but it’s becoming more
common in kids and teens, especially when they’re overweight. Some people with type 2
diabetes have to inject insulin or take it as a pill. Others can control their diabetes through
careful diet and exercise.

There’s no cure for diabetes. But the good news is that the right treatment and care can keep diabetes
under control so it doesn’t interfere with school, social life, sports, or plans for the future.
COGNITIVE: Discuss the healthy diabetic diet
If you have diabetes, eating healthy meals helps you the same way it helps your best friend or the guy
who sits next to you in math class. Good nutrition helps you grow properly, reach and maintain a
weight that’s right for your height, and stay healthy. But eating right also helps you keep your blood
sugar levels on track — something that’s important for people with diabetes. By eating well, you’ll
also help to prevent diabetes problems that can occur later in life, like heart disease. People who have
diabetes don’t need to be on strict diets, but they do need to pay attention to when they eat and what’s
on their plates.
Just like everyone else, people with diabetes need to aim for each meal to be a good balance of
nutrition and taste. Here are some estimates to shoot for over the course of a day:

 About 10% to 20% of the calories you eat should come from protein. Try to select lean
meats like chicken or beef.
 Roughly 25% to 30% of calories should come from fat. Try to avoid foods with lots of trans
and saturated fats (or eat them only in moderation).
 About 50% to 60% of the calories you eat should come from carbohydrates. Try to eat lots
of green and orange vegetables in your daily diet — like carrots and broccoli. And choose
vitamin-rich brown rice or sweet potatoes instead of white rice or regular potatoes.

AFFECTIVE: To value the importance of maintaining healthy diabetic diet

Diabetes Control: Why is it important
When you hear your doctors or health care providers talk about “diabetes control,”
they’re usually referring to how close your blood sugar, or glucose, is kept to the desired range.
Having too much or too little sugar in your blood can lead you to feel sick now and can cause health
problems later.
Managing diabetes is like a three-way balancing act: The medications you take (insulin or pills), the
food you eat, and the amount of exercise you get all need to be in sync.
Diabetes can get out of control if someone:

o doesn’t take diabetes medicines as directed

o doesn’t follow the meal plan (like eating too much or not enough food without
adjusting diabetes medicines)
o doesn’t get regular exercise or exercises more or less than usual without making
changes to his or her diabetes plan
o has an illness or too much stress
o doesn’t check blood sugar levels enough

Out-of-control blood sugar levels can lead to short-term problems like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia,
or diabetic ketoacidosis. In the long run, not controlling diabetes can also damage the vessels that
supply blood to important organs, like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. This means that heart
disease and stroke, kidney disease, vision problems, and nerve problems can happen to people with
diabetes.So it’s important to keep blood sugar levels close to normal will be challenging at times.
However, you can help keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range with these steps:Take your
insulin or pills when you’re supposed to.

 Follow your meal plan.

 Get regular exercise.
 Check your blood sugar levels often and make changes with the help of your diabetes health
care team.
 Visit your doctor and diabetes health care team regularly.
 Learn as much as possible about diabetes.
PSYCHOMOTOR: To demonstrate on how to prepare healthy diabetic meals and practice healthy
eating habits, such as choosing portion sizes that suit the needs for the patient’s size and activity level..
If you have diabetes, foods are divided into six groups: starch, fruit, milk, fat, vegetable, and meat.
The plan sets a serving size (amount) for foods in each group. And each serving has a similar amount
of calories, protein, carbohydrate, and fat. This allows a person some flexibility in planning meals
because they can exchange, or substitute, choices from a food list. The number of servings from each
food group recommended for each meal and snack is based on the total number of calories that the
person needs each day. Also you should focus on eating lean protein, high-fiber, less processed carbs,
fruits, and vegetables, low-fat dairy, and healthy vegetable-based fats such as avocado, nuts, canola
oil, or olive oil. You should also manage your carbohydrate intake. Have your doctor or dietitian
provide you with a target carb number for meals and snacks. Generally, women should aim for about
45 grams of carb per meal while men should aim for 60. Ideally, these would come from complex
carbs, fruits, and vegetables.

Protein Fruits and Vegetables Dairy Grains

Beans Berries Low or whole grains, such

Nonfat as brown rice and
milk whole-wheat pasta

Nuts non starchy vegetables such as Low or

asparagus, broccoli, collard nonfat
greens, kale, and okra yogurt

meat substitutes, such as

tofu

Egg

Oily fish such as salmon,

mackerel, tuna, and
sardines.

dried beans and certain

peas, such as chickpeas
and split peas

For people with diabetes, there are certain foods that should be limited. These foods can cause spikes
in the blood sugar or contain unhealthy fats.
They include:

 processed grains, such as white rice or white pasta

 fruits with added sweeteners, including apple sauce, jam, and some canned fruits
 full-fat dairy
 fried foods or foods high in trans fats or saturated fats
 foods made with refined flour
 any food with a high glycemic load

Drink water instead of sweetened beverages. Consider using a sugar substitute in your coffee or tea.
MEAL PLANNING
A meal plan is needed, this your guide for when, what, and how much to eat to get the nutrition you
need while keeping your blood sugar levels in your target range. A good meal plan will consider your
goals, tastes, and lifestyle, as well as any medicines you’re taking. Two common ways to help you
plan how much to eat if you have diabetes are the plate method and carbohydrate counting, also called
carb counting. Just like everyone else, people with diabetes need to aim for each meal to be a good
balance of nutrition and taste. Here are some estimates to shoot for over the course of a day:

 About 10% to 20% of the calories you eat should come from protein. Try to select lean
meats like chicken or beef.
 Roughly 25% to 30% of calories should come from fat. Try to avoid foods with lots of trans
and saturated fats (or eat them only in moderation).
 About 50% to 60% of the calories you eat should come from carbohydrates. Try to eat lots
of green and orange vegetables in your daily diet — like carrots and broccoli. And choose
vitamin-rich brown rice or sweet potatoes instead of white rice or regular potatoes.
Plate method
The plate method helps you control your portion sizes. You don’t need to count calories. The plate
method shows the amount of each food group you should eat. This method works best for lunch and
dinner.
Use a 9-inch plate. Put nonstarchy vegetables on half of the plate; a meat or other protein on one-
fourth of the plate; and a grain or other starch on the last one-fourth. Starches include starchy
vegetables such as corn and peas. You also may eat a small bowl of fruit or a piece of fruit, and drink a
small glass of milk as included in your meal plan.
Carb Counting
Carbohydrate counting is a meal planning tool for people with diabetes who take insulin, but not all
people with diabetes need to count carbohydrates. Your health care team can help you create a
personal eating plan that will best meet your needs.
The amount of carbohydrates in foods is measured in grams. To count carbohydrate grams in what you
eat, you’ll need to
 learn which foods have carbohydrates
 read the Nutrition Facts food label, or learn to estimate the number of grams of carbohydrate in
the foods you eat
 add the grams of carbohydrate from each food you eat to get your total for each meal and for
the day
Most carbohydrates come from starches, fruits, milk, and sweets. Try to limit carbohydrates with
added sugars or those with refined grains, such as white bread and white rice. Instead, eat
carbohydrates from fruit, vegetables, whole grains, beans, and low-fat or nonfat milk.
TIPS: Keeping a written record of what you eat can help you and your diabetes health care team make
changes to your diabetes management plan. One helpful tool is a blood glucose record. This record
makes it easy to jot down your carbohydrate intake alongside your blood sugar readings and lets you
see how well you’re balancing your food and insulin. Then if you need to adjust your insulin dose, this
written record can help you understand why and help you decide how much and what time you should
have the new dosage.
It can also help to keep a few references handy, such as charts that show portion sizes and lists of how
many carbohydrates various foods contain.