Lesson 3

The Derivative
Outline
• Limit Definition of Derivative
• Differentiation Rules
The Derivative
Limit Definition of Derivative:
The derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 is given by

𝑓′ 𝑥 =
Notations:
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , the following are the other notations for the derivative:
• Lagrange • Leibniz

• Newton • Euler
Computing the Derivative Using its Definition

Four Steps Rule:

Step 1: Evaluate __________.
Step 2: Subtract ______.
Step 3: Divide by ______.
Step 4: Take the _______.
Example 1
Compute the following using the Four Steps Rule:
1. 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 if 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
2𝑤+3
2. 𝐷𝑤
3−𝑤
𝑑 3
3. + 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Outline
• Limit Definition of Derivative
• Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules
Constant Rule
𝑑
𝑘
𝑑𝑥
Example 2:
𝑑 𝑑
1. 𝑑𝑥
−100 3. 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑑 1 𝑑
2. 𝑑𝑥 2
4. 𝑑𝑥
𝑚
Differentiation Rules
Constant Multiple Rule Power Rule
𝑑 𝑑 𝑛
𝑘𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Example 3:
𝑑 3
1. 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 5
4. 𝐷𝑥 −4 𝑥 2
𝑑 2
2. −10𝑥 4
5. 𝐷𝑥 5
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
3
3. 𝐷𝑥 − 6
5𝑥
Example 3
Example 3
Example 3
Differentiation Rules
Sum and Difference Rule
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 +𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Example 4:
𝑑
1. 𝑑𝑥
7𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 1
2
2. 𝐷𝑎 3 𝑎 + 4
𝑎
−𝑏
Example 4
Differentiation Rules
Product Rule
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 ⋅𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
Example 5
1. Compute 𝑦 ′ if 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2 9 − 𝑥 5 .
𝑑𝑦 3
2. Compute if 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2
3 2
𝑥4
𝑑𝑥
Example 5
Example 5
Differentiation Rules
Quotient Rule
𝑑 𝑓 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥
Example 6:
4𝑥
1. Compute 𝑓′ 𝑥 if 𝑓 𝑥 =
7+𝑥 2
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3
2. 𝐷𝑥
3𝑥−1
Example 6
• Fin.