Knowledge Depot

Islamic study
Adnan Ansari
Competitive Exam Series

Content

• Arab before Islam

• “Shajrah e nasab” Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH)
• Islamic Battes
• Salaat
• Zakat
• Soum/ fasting
• Hajj
• Sources of Islamic law
Islamic Battles
 Battle of Waddwan (Abwa)

• Date: 30th Dec 623 AD

• Location: waddwan
• Result:No military engagement Muslims sign a pact of
friendship with the Banu Damrah
• Belligerents:
– Muslims of Medina
– Quraysh of Mecca
• Commanders and leaders: Hazrat Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬vs not
confirmed
• Strength: 70 soldiers vs 100 traders of a caravan
• Casualties and losses : no casualities
Battle of Buwat
• Date: Oct 623 AD
• Location: Buwat
• Result: No military engagement as the caravan took
another unknown route
• Belligerents:
– Muslims of Medina
– Quraysh of Mecca
• Commanders and leaders: Hazrat Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬vs
Umayyah ibn Khalaf
• Strength: 200 soldiers vs 100 traders of a caravan
• Casualties and losses : no casualities

Battle of BADR
• Date: March 13, 624 AD/17 Ramadan, 2 AH
• Location: At the wells of Badr, 80 miles (130 km) southwest of
Medina
• Result: Decisive Muslim victory
• Belligerents: Muslims of Medina vs Quraish of Mecca
• Commanders and leaders
– MUSLIMS: Hazrat Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, Hamza ibn ‗Abd al-Muttalib R.A and
Ali ibn Abi Talib R.A
– NON MUSLIMS: Abu Jahl , Utba ibn Rabi'ah and Umayyah ibn Khalaf
• Strength: 313 Infantry & Cavalry: 2 Horses and 70 camels VS 900
Infantry & Cavalry: 100 Horses and 170 Camels
• Casualties and losses
• MUSLIMS: 14 killed 70 killed NON-MUSLIMS:43-70 captured

GHAZWA-E-UHUD
•DATE: March 19TH, 625 AD
•LOCATION: Valley OF Uhud
•BELLIGERENTS: Muslims of Madina VS Quraysh-e-Makkah
•COMMANDERS: Muhammad[PBUH], Hamza ibn Mutalib
and Hazrat Ali [R.A] VS Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb and Khalid bin
Waleed • STRENGTH:
– MUSLIMS: Infantory 700, Cavalory 2-4
 – QURAISH: Infantory 3000, Cavalory 200

• CASUALTIES: MUSLIMS: 70 VS QURAISH:44-45

HAMRA AL-ASAD
• Date: March 24, 625 , 3 AH
• Location: Hamra Al Asad
• Belligerents: Muslims of Medina VS Quraish of Mecca
• Commanders and leaders: Muhammad [PBUH] VS Abu
Sufyan ibn Harb
• Strength :
– MUSLIMS: 700-1000 infantry, 2-4 cavalry (survivors from Uhud)
– NON-MUSLIMS: 3,000 infantry, 200 cavalry (survivors from Uhud)
• Casualties and losses:
• NON-MUSLIMS: 3 beaheaded, 3 captured MUSLIMS: 2
spies killed

BATTLE OF THE TRENCH

• Date: March and April 627 AD- (Shawwal, 5 AH)
• Location: Surrounding perimeter of Medina
• Result: Failure of siege; Decisive Muslim victory
• Belligerents: Muslims VS Confederates including: the Quraysh of
Mecca, the Jewish/Arab tribes of Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir and
Banu Qurayza, Other Arab tribes such as Banu Murra, Khaybar,
Huyyay ibn Auf Murri, Banu, Ghatafan, Bani Assad, Banu Shuja, and
more.
• Commanders and leaders:
• Muhammad [PBUH] VS Abu Sufyan
• Strength: 3,000 (Muslims) 10,000 (Non-Muslims)
• Casualties and losses: Light (Muslims) Extremely Heavy
(NonMuslims)

INVASION OF BANU QURAYZA

• Date: February/March, 627 AD • Location: Fortress of Banu
Qurayza
• Result:
• * Successful 25 day siege of Banu Qurayza tribe
• Belligerents: Muslims VS Banu Qurayza
• Commanders and leaders: Muhammad [PBUH], Ali ibn Abi
Talib Huyayy bin Akhtab, Ka‘‘ab bin Asad
• Strength: 3000 infantary, 30 horsemen VS Unknown
• Casualties and losses: 2 killed (Muslims) 600-900 beheaded
(Banu-Qurayza)
Treaty of Hudaybiyya

• In 628, when the Muslims attempted to

perform the pilgrimage, After much
negotiations, the Muslims entered a peace
treaty with the Quraysh, ending the
MuslimQuraysh wars.
• Some of his followers, however, were
discontent at the terms Muhammad [PBUH]
had agreed to.
BATTLE OF KHYBER
• Date: 629 AD.
• Location: Khaybar
• Result: Muslim victory
• Belligerents: Muslim army VS Jews of Khaybar oasis
• Commanders and leaders:
• Muhammad [PBUH], Ali ibn Abi Talib [R.A] VS Al-Harith
ibn Abu Zaynab
• Strength: Muslims: 1,600 VS Khaybar:10,000 Banu
Ghatafan: 4,000
• Casualties and losses:Less than 20 killed (Muslims ) 50
woundedVS 93 killed ( Enemies )

BATTLE OF MU'TAH
• Date: September 629 A.D.
• Location: Near city of Karak, Jordan • Result:
– * Byzantine victory according to modern scholars.
– * Muslim victory or stalemate according to Muslim sources.
– * Byzantine victory according to Christian sources.

• Belligerents: Muslim Arabs VS Byzantine Empire, Ghassanids

• Commanders and leaders: MUSLIMS: Zayd ibn Haris , Jafar ibn Abi Talib, Abdullah
ibn Rawahah, Khalid ibn al-Walid NON-MUSLIMS Theodore, Heraclius, Shurahbil
ibn Amr
• Strength: 3,000 VS 100,000 ( according to Muslim sources ) 200,000 ( according to
Western Scholars )
• Casualties and losses: 12 (not exact figures) , ( including: 1. Zayd ibn Haris R.A. 2.
Jafar ibn Abi Talib R.A. 3. Abdullah ibn Rawahah R.A. ) VS UNKNOWN

Conquest of Mecca
• Date: December 629 or January 630
• Location: Mecca
• Result: Muslim victory(End of Muslim–Quraysh Wars) •
Belligerents: Muslims vs Quraysh
• Commanders and leaders:
 – MUSLIMS: Muhammad (SAW),Ali ibn Abi Talib, Khalid ibn
alWalid, Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafah, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abu
Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Zubayr ibn al-Awam
– NON-MUSLIMS: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl,
Suhayl ibn Amr, Safwan ibn Umayyah
• Strength:10,000 VS Approx 2000-4000
• Casualties and losses: 2 VS 13

BATTLE OF HUNAYN
• Date: 630 (8 AH)
• Location: Hunain, near al-Ta'if in south-western Arabia
• Result: Muslim victory
• Belligerents: Muslims, Quraysh Bedouins of the
Hawazin and Thaqif tribes
• Commanders and leaders: Muhammad [PBUH], Ali ibn
Talib VS Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri
• Strength: 12,000 vs 20,000
• Casualties and losses:12 vs Unknown
Fundamentals of Islam
 SALAAT

• 48 total numbers of Rakats are in Farz prayer.

• Namaz-e-Khasoof is offered for Moon Eclipse.
• Namaz-e-Kasoof is offered for Solar Eclipse.
• Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered for Rain.
• Holy Prophet offered Jumma Prayer in 1. A.H.
• Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered with backside of
hands upward.
• Holy prophet offered first Eid Prayer in 2. A.H.
• Eid Namaz is Wajib
• Madurak is the person who starts prayer with Immam.
• Musbaq is the person who comes after one rakat.
• Fajar and Isha were essential in the early period of
Islam.
• Tahajud mean abandon sleep.
• Qaada is to sit straight in Salat.
• Jasla is short pause between two sajdas.
• Qaumaa is standing straight during Rukus.
• A person who performs prayer alone is Munfarid.
• Farz in wuzu=4, Sunats=14.
• Farz in Ghusual=3, Sunats=5
• Types of Sunnah prayer are of two types.
• In Fajr, Maghrib & witr no chage in farz rakaat in case
of Qasr.
• Takbeer-e-Tashreeq is recited in Eid-ul-Uzha.
• Jumma prayer is Farz salat.
• Conditions of Salat are Seven.
• takbeer-e-Tehreema are to be said in the salat: one.
• Jasla is wajib.
• To sit straight in Salat is called Qa’ada.
• Qa’ada is farz.
• Two persons are required for a Jamat prayer.
• Salat Juma became Farz in Madina.
• Five salat made compulsory in 10th Nabvi.

ZAKAT
• Zakat means to purify.
• Zakat was made obligatory in 2. A.H.
• 7-1/2 is the nasab of gold and 52-1/2 tolas for silver. •
Injunction of utilization of zakat is in Surah-al Tauba.
• Number of heads for distribution of zakat are 8.
• Zakat mentioned along with Namaz in the Quran 22 times.
• 5 Camels, 40 goats, 3 cows and buffaloes is nisab for zakat.
• 1/10 is the nisab of irrigated produce.
• Zakat is treasure of Islam; it is the saying of holy prophet.
• Usher means 1/10.
• Khums means 1/5.
• Word Zakat occurs in Quran for 32 times.
• In 2nd A.H the rate and method of distribution of
Zakat was determined at Madina.
• Kharaj is spoils of war.
• Fay is income from town lands.
• Zakat on produce of mines is 1/5th.
• Ushr on artificially irrigated land is 1/20th.
• Al-Gharmain means debtors.
 SAUM / FASTING
• Fast means to stop.
• Fasting made obligatory in 2nd A.H.
• Fasting is commanded in al-Bakarah.
• Feed 60 people is the atonement for breaking the fast
or sixty continuous fasts..
• Bab-ul-Riayn is the door for fast observing people.
• Tarrawih means to rest.
• Battle of Badr was fought in very first of Ramzan on
17th.
• Umar arranged the Namaz-e-Tarrawih.
• Month of Ramzan is known as Sayeed us
Shahoor.
• Wajib means ordained.
• 1st Ashra of Ramzan=Ashra-e-Rehmat.
• 2nd Ashra=Ashra-e-Maghfirat.
• 3rd Ashra=Ashra-e-Nijat.

HAJJ
• Hajj means to intend.
• Hajj made compulsory in 9 A.H.
• First Hajj offered in 9 A.H.
• Hajj ordained in Surah Al-Baqarah.
• The holy prophet performed only 1 Hajj in 10th A.H.
• There are 3 types of Hajj. – 1)Tamattu 2)Qiran. 3)Ifraad.
• One tawaf of Kaaba is known as Shoot.
• Tawaf begins from Shoot.
• Number of Jamarat is 3.
• Mosque located in Mina is Kheef.
• At Meekat, Hujjaj assume the state of Ihram.
• Kalima Tauheed is recited during Hajj.
• At Mina the ritual of offering sacrifice is performed
• Jamart-throwing of pebbles, it is performed on 10th,
11th, 12th and 13th of Zul Hajj.
• Maghrib and Isha both prayers are offered together at
Muzdalifa on 9th Zil Hajj.
• Yome-Afra is called to Hajj day.
• Name of the place where the pilgrims go from Arafat:
Muzdalfa.
• First structure of Kaaba was built by Adam.
• Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 years ago.
• Yum-e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice.
• Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj.
• One khutba is recited during Hajj.
• Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is
commanded.
• Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during hajj.

Sources of Islamic law

 Sources of Islamic law

• Primary sources
– Quran
– Sunnah
• Secondary sources
– THE AL-IJMAH
– THE IJTEHAD
– THE QIYAS
 THE AL-IJMAH
• Collective Decision of Muslims on new
• matters
• Prophet (peace be upon Him) got suggestions and
decided accordingly.
• But the decision of the Prophet was taken as final
• Regular Al-Ijmah started at the time of Caliphate
• The Caliph got suggestions on new matters and made
collective decision
• Their selection procedure, expansion of mosques,
regular defence forces, collection of Qur’aan, Ahadith,
Fiqh etc are the examples
THE IJTEHAD

• physical or mental effort, expended in a

particular activity) is an Islamic legal term
referring to independent reasoning or the
thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty
in finding a solution to a legal question
 THE QIYAS

• Means comparing one thing with another

similar thing
• Used to solve modern problems by finding
something similar in the Qur’aan / Ahadith.
• Muslim jurists expanded legal principles.
• Qiyas widely discussed as Muslims seek to find
answers of different new problems