MODULE 4: SEXUAL SELF

 Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and
roles, sexual orientation…….
 Sex refers to a person's characterization as female or male at birth, typically based on the appearance
of external genitalia or other biological characteristic….
 Secondary sex characteristics are traits that differ between the two sexes but are not part of the
reproductive system; they include breasts in females and facial hair in males…..
 Erogenous zones- male penis, female clitoris
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 Sexual response cycle is the term used to describe the changes that occur in the body as men and
women become sexually aroused.
o Excitement - This is when the body gets ready for sexual activity.
o Plateau - During this phase, intensified breathing, high blood pressure, and faster heart rate
may be experienced as well as muscle contraction in the face, feet, and hands.
o Orgasm -This is also referred to as the climax of the cycle. During this phase, breathing,
blood pressure, and heart rate are further intensified.
o Resolution - The body gradually returns to its normal level of functioning.

THREE STAGES OF FALLING IN LOVE

 Lust (libido or sex drive) is characterized by the desire for sexual gratification which is inherent to
every living organism
 Attraction (passionate or obsessive love, infatuation) is characterized by the intense attention given
to a desired partner.
 Attachment (companionate love) is characterized by the desire of couples to stay together.
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 Sexual violence Any sexual act. Attempt to obtain sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or
advances, or acts to traffic
 Sexual orientation is the emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward
another person.
o Heterosexual. People who are heterosexual are romantically and physically attracted to
members of the opposite sex: Heterosexual males are attracted to females, and
heterosexual females are attracted to males. Heterosexuals are sometimes called "straight."
o Homosexual. People who are homosexual are romantically and physically attracted to
people of the same sex:
o Bisexual. People who are bisexual are romantically and physically attracted to members of
both sexes.
o Asexual. People who are asexual may not be interested in sex, but they still feel emotionally
close to other people.
o Agender - A person who is agender does not identify with any particular gender, or they
may have no gender at all.
o Androgyne - A person who identifies as androgyne has a gender that is either both
masculine and feminine or between masculine and feminine.
o Bigender - A person who identifies as bigender has two genders.
o Butch - Women, especially lesbians, tend to use this term to describe the way they express
masculinity, or what society defines as masculinity.
o Cisgender person identifies with the sex that they were assigned at birth.
o Genderqueer - A person who identifies as genderqueer has a gender identity or expression
that is not the same as society’s expectations for their assigned sex or assumed gender.
o Non binary- A person who identifies as nonbinary does not experience gender within the
gender binary.
o Omnigender - A person who identifies as omnigender experiences and possesses all
genders.
o Transgender - This is an umbrella term that encompasses all people who experience and
identify with a different gender than that which their assigned sex at birth would suggest.
 MODULE 5: EMOTIONAL SELF

 Emotions are complex; they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological
changes that influence our behavior.
 Based on Plutchik's (1980) configuration of emotion, there are eight fundamental emotions,
namely joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and anticipation.through quality and free
education.
 Outer edges. Along the outer edges, you’ll find low-intensity emotions: acceptance, distraction,
boredom, and so on.
 Toward the center. As you move toward the center, the color deepens and milder emotions
become your basic emotions: trust, surprise, disgust, and more.
 Center circle. The center circle holds the most intense manifestations: admiration, amazement,
loathing, among others.
 Between each colored spoke. Here, you’ll find what are called mixed emotions — contempt, for
example, rises out of a combination of anger and disgust.
 MODULE 6: SOCIAL SELF

 Social psychology is the study of the effect of social factors individual behavior, attitudes,
perceptions, and motives.
 Interaction refers to the mutual and reciprocal exchange of communication or action between two
or more persons or groups.
 Relationship refers to a particular way in which two or more individuals, groups, or even Countries
talk to, behave toward, or deal with each other.
 Person perception refers to forming inpressions and making judgments about another person's
likability after seeing or meeting him/her.
 Norms are patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group.
 Social loafing - working or being with a group may also reduce individual effort.
 Familiarity refers to being comfortable with another person and is a necessary condition for a close
relationship to develop.
 Attraction- What attracts someone to another person? What makes people spend more time with
each other or with one another? Is physical attraction important at the early stages of a relationship?
Attraction may lead to deeper relationships.
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 Love- Love is a special attachment one has for himself/ herself or for somebody else.
o Romantic Love. Also called passionate love, it
includes an intermingling of different emotions: fear,
anger, sexual desire, joy, and jealousy, among
others.
o Affectionate Love. Also referred to as
companionate love, it is`the type of love that occurs
when someone has deep and caring affection for a
person and desires to have him/her near constantly.
o Affectionate Love. Also referred to as
companionate love, it is`the type of love that occurs
when someone has deep and caring affection for a
person and desires to have0020him/her near
constantly.
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TRIANGLE THEORY OF LOVE
 Passion has something to do with physical and sexual attraction to another.
 Intimacy is characterized by the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing of the
relationship.
 Commitment is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain it even in the
face of problems.

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 Attitudes are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain ways towards people, objects,
or ideas. They can either be positive or negative.
 Stereotypes are generalizations in which the same traits or characteristics are assumed to be
possessed by all members of a group
 MODULE 7: MORAL SELF

 Dilemma is a problematic situation in which a difficult choice must be made.

 Moral is related to the sense or a standard that determines what is right and what is wrong.
 Morality refers to the system of beliefs and values that ensures that individuals will keep their
obligations to others in the society and behave in ways that do not interfere with the rights and
interests of others
 Decision-making is understandably difficult, the degree of which depending on the situation. When
faced with a predicament, exercise your best judgment on the good or appropriate action to take.
 Moral reasoning refers to the judgments people make about what courses of action are correct or
incorrect in particular situations.

PARENTING STYLES
 Authoritarian parents attempt to shape, control, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of their
children in accordance with an absolute set of conduct standards that usually comes from religious
or respected authorities. They use harsh discipline and punishment.
 Authoritative parents direct their children's activities in a rational and intelligent way. They are
supportive, loving, and committed; support a giveand-take relationship; discuss their rules and
policies with their children; and encourage children to present their viewpoints. They offer
explanations for rules and consequences.
 Permissive parents are less controlling and behave with an accepting and non-punishing attitude
towards their children's desires, actions, and impulses. They are warm and supportive, but tend not
to enforce rules.