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To The Point Pharmacology
To The Point Pharmacology
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Dr Abid Laghari department Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1 ST year Mbbs
when toxicity by basic drug ….. Acidify urine giving ammonium chloride
loading dose dependent on VD and maintenance dose dependent on Clarence
Half-life determines two parameters … Time to reach steady state conc. and dosage interval
Steady state conc. reached after 5 half-lives
Parameters obtained from graded dose response curve….. EC50.. Maximal efficacy… KD….
Selectivity of drugs
Ec 50 parameter of potency of drug
Parameters obtained from quantal dose response curve…. ED50.. LD50…TD 50….therapeutic
index therapeutic window
ED50 parameter of potency
Rest parameter of safety of drug
In the presence of competitive antagonist on graded dose response curve …. Shift towards right
maximal efficacy remains same EC50 increased potency decreased
Shift towards left is by potentiation
KD more than EC 50 spare receptors present
IMPORTANT MCQS BLOOD PHARMACOLOGY
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Dr Abid Laghari department Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1 ST year Mbbs
IMPORTANT MCQS CVS DRUGS
Note: The points are given randomly covering all the aspects of CVS. No need to worry about no
numbering and proper MCQs classification with four options. Just read the below given points
carefully and you are done with CVS
Diuretic contraindicated with ACE inhibitors or ARBS …. Potassium sparing diuretics
Drug of choice for treatment of raised intracranial pressure or intracranial hemorrhage …..
Mannitol
Pregnancy moderate hypertension….. Methyldopa
Pregnancy hypertensive emergency…… Hydralazine
Hypertensive emergency….. Nitroprusside
Diabetes and hypertension …. ACE inhibitors or ARBS
Contraindications of ACE inhibitors or ARBs ….. Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis or renal
vascular disease, potassium sparing diuretics
Diuretic contraindicated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs ….. Potassium sparing
SLE caused by ….. Hydralazine
Hirsutism which can be used for male pattern baldness is caused by minoxidil
Nitroprusside causes ….. Cyanide toxicity
Drugs contraindicated in vasospastic angina…. Beta blockers
Most important factor in oxygen consumption of myocardial cells is …. Myocardial fibre tension
Which of the following drugs doesn’t decrease mortality rate in heart failure…… Digoxin
Drugs contraindicated with digoxin…. Quinidine verapamil loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics
which diuretics contraindicated with digoxin…. Loop and thiazide coz they cause hypokalemia
which electrolyte imbalance causes digoxin toxicity…. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesimia,
hypercalcemia
Digoxing induced arrhythmias are because of….. Increased calcium in the sarcoplasm…and drug
for its treatment is lidocaine or phenytoin
Digoxin chronic poisoning …. Go for electrolyte improvement mostly potassium
If acute digoxin poisoning …. Go for Digi bind fab fragment digoxin antibodies
Digoxing increase PR interval on ECG
Beta blockers are contraindicated in acute Herat failure
Calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in acute and chronic heart failure
Calcium channel blocker used in hemorrhagic stroke is nimodipine
Antiarrhythmic causing thrombocytopenia or cinchonism is quinidine
Quinolones causes QT interval prolongation
Which Antiarrhythmic causes SLE….. Procainamide
Drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias…. Lidocaine
Drug used for the treatment of post MI ventricular arrhythmias…… Lidocaine
Drug used for the prophylaxis of post MI arrhythmias…… Beta blockers except esmolol coz of its
short half-life
Antiarrhythmic for refractive arrhythmias… Amiodarone
Drug which has thyroid abnormalities or corneal deposits or pulmonary fibrosis…. Amiodarone
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Dr Abid Laghari department Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1 ST year Mbbs
Drug of choice for av nodal arrhythmias calcium channel blockers
Drug of choice for supraventricular arrhythmias…. Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
Drug of choice for paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia PSVT is……. Adenosine and if it’s
not the option then esmolol.
For acute supraventricular arrhythmia…….. Adenosine or esmolol
atrial flutter or fibrillation…… Digoxin
Xanthoopsia or yellow hallos …… Digoxin
IMPORTANT MCQS OF CHEMOTHERAPY PHARMACOLOGY
Don’t use tetracycline with milk or antacids heavy ions bind to them
Chloramphenicol causes …. Gray baby syndrome (absence of gucoronyl transferase) a plastic
anemia (idiosyncratic reaction)
Aminoglycosides have curare like effect (neuromuscular blocking) aminoglycosides are
contraindicated with loop diuretics (ototoxicity)
Sulphonamides most common adverse effect …. Hypersensitivity
Sulphonamides can cause crytalluria … Treated by busing excess of water
Drug of choice for typhoid ( salmonella) ciprofloxacin
Respiratory fluoroquinolones used for pneumonia ( third generation levofloxacin)
Cartilage abnormalities or tendon rupture by fluoroquinolones
Neomycin used for preparation of gut for abdominal surgery
Combination of drugs used in the treatment of TB … To prevent resistance
Isoniazid … Decreases vit B6 pyridoxine….. Peripheral neuropathy
Isoniazid and rifampin used for prophylaxis …. First choice isoniazid
Rifampin orange red colored body secretions
Ethambutol …. Optic neuritis and red green color blindness
Pyrazinamide …. Polyarthralgias
The main clinical use of skeletal muscle relaxant is it acts an adjuvant in surgical
anesthesia to obtain relaxation of skeletal muscles à this minimizes the risk of
respiratory & cardiovascular depression
These drugs block the post-synaptic actions of ACh at motor end plate
On the basis of their site & mechanism of action…these are classified as
1. Peripherally acting muscle relaxants[These act peripherally at neuromuscular junction]
2. a) Non-Depolarizing Blockers (Competitive Blockers)
Basis: These drugs prevent the access of ACh to NM receptor of motor end
plate à prevent its depolarization
1. Long Acting: d-Tubocurarine (d-TC), Metocurine, Doxacurium, pancuronium,
pipecuronium, gallamine
2. Intermediate acting: Atracurium, Cisatracurium, Vecuronium, Rcuronium
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Dr Abid Laghari department Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1 ST year Mbbs
D-Tubocurarine: – Not clinical used do to its histaminic effects. • Succinylcholine: – SCh is the
most commonly used muscle relaxant for passing tracheal tube. It induces rapid, complete and
predictable paralysis with spontaneous recovery in ~5 min. – Occasionally SCh is used by
continuous i.v. infusion for producing controlled muscle relaxation of longer duration. – It
should be avoided in younger children unless absolutely necessary, because risk of
hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrhythmia is higher
Pancuronium: – It is a synthetic steroidal compound, ~5 times more potent and longer acting
than d-TC. – Because of longer duration of action, needing reversal, its use is now restricted to
prolonged operations, especially neurosurgery. • Pipecuronium: – Muscle relaxant with a slow
onset and long duration of action; steroidal in nature; recommended for prolonged surgeries.
Nondepolarizing blockers – Individual compounds
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Dr Abid Laghari department Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1 ST year Mbbs