Inverse Sine Function

–1
y = sin x or y = arcsin x
Domain: [–1, 1] Range:
Xy Y

ds
1 
2
2 
 
2 4
0 0
2 
2 4

1 2
 Inverse Sine Function
–1
y = sin x or y = arcsin x
 The inverse sine function is increasing and continuous on its
domain [–1,1]. arcsinx is an increasing function. In its domain,
arcsinx attains its maximum value π/2 at x = 1 while its minimum
value is -π/2 which occurs at x = -1.
 Its x-intercept is 0, and its y-intercept is 0.
 The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin, so the function
is an odd function.
Example 1(a) FINDING INVERSE SINE VALUES

Find y in each equation.

Example 1(b) FINDING INVERSE SINE VALUES (cont.)
Example 1(c) FINDING INVERSE SINE VALUES (cont.)

–2 is not in the domain of the inverse sine function,

[–1, 1], so does not exist.

A graphing calculator will give an error message for

this input.
 Inverse Cosine Function
–1
y = cos x or y = arccos x
Domain: [–1, 1] Range:
 Inverse Cosine Function
–1
y = cos x or y = arccos x
 The inverse cosine function is decreasing and
continuous on its domain [–1,1]. arccosx is a decreasing
function. In its domain, arccosx attains its maximum
value π at x = -1 while its minimum value is 0 which
occurs at x = 1
 Its x-intercept is 1, and its y-intercept is
 The graph is neither symmetric with respect to
the y-axis nor the origin.
means that x = cos y for
Example 2(a) FINDING INVERSE COSINE VALUES

Find y in each equation.

Example 2(b) FINDING INVERSE COSINE VALUES
(continued)
Inverse Tangent Function
–1
y = tan x or y = arctan x
 Inverse Tangent Function
–1
y = tan x or y = arctan x
 The inverse tangent function is increasing and
continuous on its domain [–, ].
 Its x-intercept is 0, and its y-intercept is 0.
 The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin;
it is an odd function.
 The lines are horizontal
asymptotes.
means that x = tan y for
Composition of Functions:
f(f –1(x)) = x and (f –1(f(x)) = x.

Inverse Properties:
If –1  x  1 and – /2  y  /2, then
sin(arcsin x) = x and arcsin(sin y) = y.
If –1  x  1 and 0  y  , then
cos(arccos x) = x and arccos(cos y) = y.
If x is a real number and –/2 < y < /2, then
tan(arctan x) = x and arctan(tan y) = y.

Example: tan(arctan 4) = 4
Inverse Function Values
 Example 5 FINDING FUNCTION VALUES USING
DEFINITIONS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
Evaluate each expression without a calculator.

Since arctan is defined only in quadrants I and IV,

and is positive, θ is in quadrant I.

Sketch θ in quadrant I, and label the triangle.

Example 5 FINDING FUNCTION VALUES USING
DEFINITIONS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS (continued)
 Example 6 FINDING FUNCTION VALUES USING
IDENTITIES
Evaluate the expression without a calculator.

Use the cosine sum identity:

 Example 6 FINDING FUNCTION VALUES USING
IDENTITIES (continued)
Sketch both A and B in quadrant I. Use the
Pythagorean theorem to find the missing side.
Example 6 FINDING FUNCTION VALUES USING
IDENTITIES (continued)
Trigonometric Equations I
Solving by Linear Methods ▪ Solving by Factoring ▪ Solving by
Quadratic Methods ▪ Solving by Using Trigonometric Identities
Example 1 SOLVING A TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATION BY LINEAR METHODS

Sin θ is negative in quadrants III and IV.

The reference angle is 30° because

Solution set:
{210°,330°}
 Example 2 SOLVING A TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATION BY FACTORING

Factor.

Zero-factor property

The solutions for tan x = 1 over the interval are

Trigonometric Equations II
Equations with Half-Angles ▪ Equations with Multiple Angles
 Example 1 SOLVING AN EQUATION USING A
HALF-ANGLE IDENTITY
(a) over the interval

The two numbers over the interval with sine

value
Example 2 SOLVING AN EQUATION WITH A
DOUBLE ANGLE

2cos x  cos x  1  0
2

Factor.

or
Equations Involving Inverse
Trigonometric Functions
Solving for x in Terms of y Using Inverse Functions ▪ Solving
Inverse Trigonometric Equations
 Example 1 SOLVING AN EQUATION FOR A
VARIABLE USING INVERSE NOTATION
Solve y = 3 cos 2x for x.

Divide by 3.

Definition of arccosine

Multiply by

6.1-26
 Example 2 SOLVING AN EQUATION INVOLVING AN
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

Divide by 2.

Definition of arcsine

Verify that the solution

satisfies the given
equation.

Solution set: {1}

6.1-27
Example 3 SOLVING AN EQUATION INVOLVING AN
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

and for u in quadrant I

Substitute.
Definition of arccosine

6.1-28
 Example 3 SOLVING AN EQUATION INVOLVING AN
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
(continued)

Sketch u in quadrant I. Use

the Pythagorean theorem to
find the missing side.

6.1-29