GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, PUNE

(An autonomous institute of government of Maharashtra)

A MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON:

“Light Weight Construction Materials”

Under guidance of:

Prof. Sandeep Jadhav

Department of civil engineering

Submitted by:

RAJ RANJAN 2101105

POOJA RAUT 2101106
PRATIKSHA RAUT 2101107

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 Government Polytechnic, Pune
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE OF GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER III (2022-2023)

Certificate

This is to certify that, Micro Project report titled " light weight construction materials " is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of 'Diploma in civil Engineering' by
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC PUNE and is a record of work carried out of under the
guidance of concerned faculty at Government Polytechnic Pune during Academic Year 2022-
2023.

Guide H.O.D. Principal

Prof. Sandeep Jadhav Prof. Tambe Sir Dr. V. S. Bandal

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Micro-Project titled "light weight construction materials" under

the course of “Construction Technology” (CE3106) is completed under the
guidance of subject guide Prof. Sandeep Jadhav lecturer in civil
engineering department. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude towards
him. I am thankful to Head of civil engineering department to make
available the opportunity and facilities towards the completion of the project and
report. I also thanks all those whose constant support, constructive of the project
possible.

Name: Pooja Raut

En. No. 2101106

Name:Pratiksha Raut

En. No.2101107

Name: Raj Ranjan

En. No.2101105

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Sr. No. Content Page No.

1. Title 1

2. aterials Certificate 2

3. Acknowledgement 3

4. Introduction of light weight construction materials 4

5. Construction Details of light weight construction materials 5

6. Components and Details of light weight construction materials 6

7. Application and various example of light weight construction 6to11

materials

8. References 12

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*INDRO DUCTION

.Lightweight construction uses timber or light gauge steel framing as the

structural support system for non-structural cladding and linings (eg. Fibre
cement, plywood and colourbond steel). Heavyweight and lightweight
materials have differing thermal performance and environmental impact
depending on: ▪

Typical lightweight structures include cable-, membrane-, shell-, and

folded structures as well as space grids, braced vaults and domes, arched-,
stayed-and trussed systems. Membrane materials are commonly PVC-
coated polyester fabrics as well as PTFE coated glass.

With the advent of the 20th century, improved lightweight materials such as
aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium, titanium aluminides, engi-
neering plastics, structural ceramics, and composites with polymer, metal,
and ceramic matrices began to appear. Ores. This made pure aluminum
more valuable than gold.

This made steel much more economical. With the advent of the 20th
century, improved lightweight materials such as aluminum, magnesium,
beryllium, titanium, titanium aluminides, engi- neering plastics, structural
ceramics, and composites with polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices began
to appear.

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Lightweight metals consist of aluminum, beryllium, titanium, and
magnesium alloys.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Stainless steels are
steels containing at least 10.5% chromium, less than 1.2% carbon and
other alloying elements.

* Five Concrete Components

Cement/Binder. Cement is the hydraulic binder (hydraulic = hardening

when combined with water) which is used to produce concrete. …

Concrete Aggregates. …

Concrete Admixtures. …

Concrete Additions and Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) …

Water.

*Wood composition

Cellulose: Cellulose is a polymer (C6H10O5) that can crystallise to form

very strong fibres. …

Lignin: Lignin is also a polymer but is typically in an amorphous form. …

Hemicellulose: Hemicellulose is a partly crystalline polymer that also acts

as a matrix or binder.

Water.

*Stone

Oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in stone. They combine
with the other elements to form stones of various kinds: sandstone, SiO2
limestone, CaCO3; granite, (see table above). Oxygen and silicon are the
most common elements in stone.

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1. Steel
Steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon and often other alloying material in its composition
to make it stronger and more fracture-resistant than iron. Stainless steels resist corrosion and
oxidation because of the additional chromium in their make-up. Because it is so strong
compared to its weight and size, structural engineers use it for the structural framework of tall
modern buildings and large industrial facilities. Some of its qualities include:

Steel has high strength-to-weight and strength-to-size ratios.

It’s high-cost relative to other metals. Structural engineers can consult on choosing the most
cost-effective sizes to use in a house to support the actual load on the building.

Steel is less time-consuming to install than concrete.

It can be installed in any environment.

Steel can be susceptible to corrosion if improperly installed or maintained

Chrome, gold, and silver are generally used for finishes or decoration because they lack the
tensile strength of steel.

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2. Concrete

Figure 1

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Concrete is a composite material made of fine and coarse aggregate (think gravel, crushed
stone, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates) bound together by a liquid binder such
as cement that hardens or cures over time. Portland cement is the most common type of
cement, and is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay materials in a kiln and
adding gypsum. So Portland cement concrete consists of the mineral aggregate, bound with
Portland cement and water. After mixing, the cement hardens or cures into the stone-like
material we think of as concrete.

Concrete attributes:

Strength varies depending on the mix. Suppliers to the concrete industry usually provide the
materials used for their concrete and test the concrete mix for its strength.

Concrete can be poured into a form to take virtually any shape and harden into a material
similar to stone.

It takes at least seven days to cure, so engineers and architects must factor in that hardening
time when they devise building schedules for concrete construction.

Its versatility, cost, and strength make it the ideal material for a house foundation. Since it
can carry a heavy load and withstand the forces from the surrounding environment, a
concrete home foundation is common.

To increase the tensile strength of concrete, engineers often plan for it to be reinforced with
steel rods or bars (rebar).

3. Wood

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 Figure 2

Among the oldest, or perhaps the oldest, of building materials, wood has been used for
thousands of years and has properties that make it an ideal building material—even in the
days of engineered and synthetic materials.

For construction use, wood pieces are machine-planed and cut into standard dimensions, such
as 2”x4” (1.5”x3.5” actual) and 2”x6,” (1.5”x5.5” actual) so that their measurements can be
accurately factored into building plans—this is known as dimensional lumber. Wood in larger
sizes is usually referred to as timber or beams and is often used to construct the frames of
large structures like bridges and multi-story buildings.

Some tree species are better for some uses and for use in some climates than others.
Structural engineers and architects can determine which type of wood is ideal for a
construction project.

It is readily available and an economical natural resource.

Wood is relatively lightweight and easy to standardize in size.

It provides good insulation, which is why many architects and engineers like using it for
homes and residential buildings.

Wood has high tensile strength—keeping its strength while bending—and is very strong
when being compressed vertically.

Because it is lightweight and needs to be pressure treated to come into contact with
surrounding soil, wood is a less popular choice for foundations or basement walls.
(However, permanent wood foundations, known as PWFs, are gaining traction among
builders thanks to the warm and

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4. Stone

Figure 3

The longest lasting building material available is the one that’s been here for thousands of
years: stone. In fact, the most ancient of buildings still in existence in the world are made of
stone. It has many advantages, though engineers and architects must make some special
considerations when planning a building using stone.

Dry stone walls made of dense rock have been used for thousands of years. Different forms
of mortar were later used to hold them together.

Because it is so dense, stone can be difficult to work with because of its weight and the
difficulty in moving it.

Stone is not an efficient insulator, since it is difficult to keep warm.

Various stone types are best for different uses. For instance, slate is fire-resistant. Granite is
one of the hardest stones and one of the most durable products available; the Incas used
limestone or granite to build their incredibly strong buildings.

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5. Brick/Masonry

Figure 4

Masonry construction uses individual units (such as bricks) to build structures that are usually
bound together by some kind of mortar. Historically, clay bricks were formed in a mold and
kiln-fired. The strongest and most commonly used masonry unit now is a concrete block,
which may be reinforced with steel. Glass, brick, and stone can all be used in a masonry
structure.

Masonry is durable and fire-resistant.

This method of construction is able to resist compression loads, which makes it a good
material for load-bearing walls.

Reinforced with concrete, or in combination with reinforced concrete, masonry can support
multi-story buildings, and can be an economical choice.

While it is a strong method to use in many types of construction, lasting masonry installation
can depend on the quality of mortar and workmanship.

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 Bibliography

[01] Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as a Green Building Material, Stefan Schnitzler, October
2006

[02] Sustainable use of crushed autoclaved aerated concrete

[03] (CAAC) as a filter medium in wastewater purification, Gunno RENMAN, Agnieszka

RENMAN ,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Land and Water Resources
Engineering, SE-100 44,Stockholm,Sweden

[04] Structure and properties of aerated concrete: a review N. Narayanan, K. Ramamurthy

Building Technology and Construction Management Division, Department of Civil
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, Received 7
January 1999; accepted 13 April 2000

[05] http://www.anjaliexim.net/aac-blocks-making-line-1200079.html

[06] www.neopor.com

[07]http://extension.ucdavis.edu/unit/green_building_and_sustainability/pdf/resources/auto_
aerated_concrete.pdf

[08] http://www.magicreteaac.com

[09] http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-04/hubli/38277625_1_aac-blocks-
walls

[10] http://www.naldehraindia.com/aac-projects.html

[11] http://www.biltechindia.com/biltech-ace-aac-benefits-advantages.asp?links=b3

[12] http://dearyebrickmachine.blogspot.in/2012/04/two-typical-formula-
forautoclaved.html#!/2012/04/twotypical-formula-for-autoclaved.html

[13] http://www.naldehraindia.com/aac-projects.html

[14] http://aac-india.com/aac-blocks-and-business-opportunities

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