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Transport in Plants
Transport in Plants
Transport in plants
Tarun Sir
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Transport in Plants
Plant transport involve – transport of food(organic-sucrose ), water , minerals(organic and
inorganic ) and hormones(organic)
Water potential Meaning- Water molecule in gaseous and liquid phase have K.E due to which
they are in random motion and move from high water molecule conc. To low
Unit and symbol Pascal or atm ψw
Direction High water potential to low water potential
Depend upon Concentration of water molecule , solute and pressure
Pure water value Zero
Presence of solute Decrease ψw as decrease random motion
Presence of Positive pressure increase ψw
Pressure Negative pressure decrease ψw
Solute potential More is solute – more negative or lower is solute potential - ψp
Value Always negative
Effect on ψw Always decrease ψw
Pressure potential Can give positive, negative and positive value- ψp
value Zero- for atmospheric pressure in open beaker, positive- push , negative – pull
Some conditions ψw zero – Solute absent and pressure is equal to atm pressure like in open
beaker (pure water )
ψw negative – in a cell where no pressure and solute in cytoplasm
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Solute potential and osmotic pressure magnitude same but direction opposite
Plasmolysis – shrinkage of protoplast when plant cell(living) when cell kept in hypertonic solution
3. Transpiration Leaf mainly and other green Loss of water in vapour form
part of plant like stem which generate pull
Transpiration
Meaning Loss of water from leaf surface in vapour form
Type Stomatal is main other are through cuticle,bark and lenticel
Transpiration C3 – loss of 200-400 H2O with entry of one CO2 and in C-4 only loss of 100-
ratio 200 H2O
Role Generate transpiration pull for transport of water and mineral , cool leaf
surface by 10-15 degree , keep plant turgid, help in absorption of water
Factors External - temperature, light, humidity, wind speed.
affecting Plant -number and distribution of stomata, per cent of open stomata, water
transpiration status of the plant, canopy structure
COCl2 test Test to determine number of open stomata
Antitranspirants ABA hormone
Opening –
water potential in Guard cell decrease→ water enter into guard cell from subsidiary cell →
outer wall buldge out → inner wall crescent shape → and helped by cellulose microfibril →
guard cell become turgid →stomata open
mineral help in opening – K+ and malate (both enter into vacuole of guard cell )
closing - water potential in Guard cell inc.→ water move out from guard cell into subsidiary
cell → inner wall elastic regain position → Guard cell flaccid → stomata Close
Factors help in opening and closing – (a) day time or light open stomata (b) ABA-close
,cytokinin-open (c) CO2 inside leaf high ,stomata close (d) humidity high outside ,stomata
close (e) atmospheric pressure low , stomata open
Mineral transport –
Absorption Only in ionic form , Active and passive both but mainly active as soil is dilute
solution occur through channel and pump
Transport in root With the help of water , endodermis control type and amount of solute by
forcing water to move along with solute through symplast
Transport in Along with transpiration stream
xylem
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Unloading of Location-growing region like meristem apical and cambium , leaf veins , flower
mineral - and fruit
Unloading by Both active and passive
Mineral Organic form -amino acid
transport in Inorganic form – nitrate and nitrite
Occur through Xylem and phloem
Transport of food
Based on Source and sink concept-
Source Mature Leaf – food synthesised or storage organ from where food can move to
place of need
Sink Root-normal time ,fruit-storage organ ,young leaf
Active or Loading and unloading of food in sieve tube is active but transport in sieve tube is
passive passive
Apoplast or Symplast as sieve tube is living
symplast
Push or pull By push as positive hydrostatic pressure develops
Mechanism – Source Mesophyll cell produce food and converted into sucrose → sucrose
is transported into companion cell -actively → now sucrose move to sieve tube actively →
sucrose in sieve tube decrease ψw → water from nearby xylem enter into sieve tube → this
increase pressure in sieve tube → food with water move to area with low pressure like sink
→ food is unloaded actively → ψw increase in sieve tube → water move back into xylem
Girdling experiment – to find direction of food in phloem ,phloem outside and xylem innerside
girdling remove - secondary phloem , food accumulate upper part ( food move from leaf to
root)
Some NCERT based data-
1. Mycorrhizae is to increase surface area for absorption
2. Pinus seed show obligatory relationship with fungi for absorption of water
3. Casparian strip is made up of suberin -lipid
4. K- malate theory given by levitt
5. Cytoplasmic streaming is active and occur only in eukaryotic cell
6. Suberin-impermeable, Primary cell wall – Permeable , Egg membrane with dil HCL-
semipermeable , tonoplast and plasma membrane -selective permeable
7. Thistle funnel experiment is to show reverse osmosis