INTRODUCTION

- This study aims to find out the level of adherence of Gloria Toda on the tricycle franchising and
regulation code. Given that tricycles or commonly known as pedicab is important the operators
may have to follow certain rules to operate. This tricycle is a type of transportation can address
problems related in public transportations and can provide benefits for the economic success of
every country. The tricycle here in the Philippines is designed as a three-wheeled vehicle. It is
commonly found in rural areas and can offer to carry three-five passengers or if much larger can
accommodate at most 7 passengers having their luggage placed on the back or on the top
(roof). Noting that it has come in a wide array of aspects, many institutions preferably the
Department of Transportation and Communications, local governments, and all have provided
laws and regulations to be followed to ensure that the flow and used of the said transportation
is efficient and have not tested the safety of the passengers. Such regulations include sanctions
and penalties to be faced once regulations have been noticed. Only tricycles have been
permitted to be operated and to be given franchise if it follows the regulations given.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

- Local transportation such as tricycle is prevalent in every place as it could be the most
convenient type of transportation for the masses. Given its massive acknowledgement, there
were a lot of rules and regulations that is being imposed. It is to be noted that to regulate the
operation of tricycles franchise can and only be granted on their territorial jurisdiction of
municipality or city and must fulfill all the set requirements. Failures to comply will be issued
with restrictions and fees. Moreover, to provide a safety environment for every operator the
DILG has issued guidelines and assurance for maintenance of the road to avoid any danger or
accidents.
- Tricycle plays an essential role in the local and public transportation in the society. However its
implementation will depends on how operators can adhere to the policy and regulations set by
the division responsible for tracking the welfare and functionality of every public transportation.

THEORIES

 SERVICE THEORY
- This theory subsequently analyzes the used regulations as to how individuals meet the
desired services considering the different demands and regulations set. As tricycle drivers
provide transportation to its customers, they should be open and seek to satisfy the so-
called demands of the passengers. Moreover, it is the driver’s responsibility to ensure the
safety of the person. Note that as the driver or the owner of the tricycle applies for franchise
or to be approved to transport people, they again shall be subject to approval providing that
they met the assurance that safety can be put first.
 NORMATIVE THEORY
- this normative theory is a sort of a booklet that holds different information and tools as to
how the services offered and asked can be disseminated and used to implement regulations
towards awarding franchises, and some of the improvements as based on the previous
calculations. As this study measures the level of adherence of the tricycle drivers upon
getting their franchise and clinging on the regulation code, this theory will serve as a
 guideline that would quantify whether the owner or any operator belonging in the Gloria
Toda is suitable to receive franchise considering factors related again with safety and
satisfaction for both passenger and operator.
 DESCRIPTIVE THEORY
- From the word itself descriptive – surely it is an important factor that would smoothen the
communication between the regulators for franchising and codes to be followed for
someone to begin their service with others. With clear and concise information and
presenting comparison for both the past and currents services/regulations and its effects
one can easily understand what it meant and hence meet the requirements without any
ripple effect
 SUBDIVISION THEORY
- This theory implies that one challenge is to be addressed at a time for it can be broad.
Creating a handbook would somehow simplify the regulations that an operator shall adhere
to be eligible for any franchise or applicability to operate such transportation mentioned
above.
 BARTER 2005
- As implied by Barter, the different designs and characteristics of the tricycle gives fort for
the transportation to be widely known hence opens the discussion for opportunities that it
will brings on the localities where presumably it is found. Given the population of an
urbanized area it is noted to be a factor on the used of public transportation such as tricycle
for as long as I am concern limited urban densities equates with the used on private cars
due to low population hence shortage of operators for public transportations. In this sense,
providing franchise thou let’s say has meet the preferred requirements will still be in
question given the needs of person to operates such transportation.
 FOREIGN STUDIES
 1st paragraph
- Urban transportation is a set of programs designed to address problems in the community
in relation to transportation. It is through allowing public transportation such as transits and
tricycles that the problem can be meet. Thou at some point external factors such as
population, financial situation, and car ownership can affect the use of these public
transportation still it provides solution to mitigate problems related to public
transportations.
 2nd paragraph
- The environment where people live possess different problems to be addressed. One of that
would be the local transportation. It is with great deal that an individual must ensure that in
addressing the problem in local transportation the quality of life and livability in the area
where it will be introduced shall not be greatly affected or if unavoidable – it shall not
possess harmful effects. But in some instance, it is believed that some transportation
infrastructures or the transportation itself doesn’t alleviate or minimized possibility of
occurrence of traffic congestions and all. Hence, with outmost studies and keen
observations, regulators shall impose ways on how can it be possible and effectively
addressed.
 3rd paragraph
- There are some countries that regulates transportation mobility to avoid any traffic
congestions. Motor-cycle propelled vehicles such as tricycles is accepted as a form of public
transport in some cases as it is more convenient in terms of having a lot of groceries to hold
or there is 2 or more company rather than having motorcycles, thou at some point it causes
traffic unlike motorcycles, still people prefer this due to its cheap fair and the safety that it
offers. This is what are some of the requirements that an operator should uphold before
having to received acceptance of franchise. Regulations are to be meet.
 4th paragraph
- In some respects, there is a need for renovation of the regulations and services to be done
to provide satisfaction to the passengers and as well as to not contravene on the set laws
and regulations. Longitudinal study, research, and experimental studies on how the past
performance can be improved more to offer good service to others is significant outturn.
Providing new inventions to regulate driving performance, to measure velocity of the
transportation, and measures the efficiency of the parts of the tricycle will set to be new
juncture of requirements that every operator will need to abide as soon as it is implemented
to engage a healthy and safety drive for both the passenger and operator. Note that the
quality of the parts of the tricycle will affects the departure of the transportation mind as
well how it will be operated.
 5th paragraph
- One requirement for the LTO or any agencies responsible for granting franchise to any
tricycle operators or TODA is to undergo an emission smoke testing to determine the build
for smoke erection is testable and ensure that it will not give off any smoke that affects the
health of the passengers and any individuals that may meet the transportation. Moreover,
as the transportation is designed to carry three-to-five passengers it is advisable that the
operator must ensure that the engine shall carry the strain or pressure from the weight of
the passengers. Assuring this will not allow accidents to foster and moreover implicates the
health of the people. Note that failure to pass the emission test will subject to disapproval
for franchise.
 6th paragraph
- As noted in the study, there is a high growth of uses of motorcycles in every area and most
of the time it takes up a high percentage of transportation being used regardless of the
locale. According to Grava, the use of motorbikes as mode transportation is an assertion for
the growth of other public transportation such as bus as it doesn’t give any chances for
regular urban transportations to operate. In accordance with the study, thou despite of the
needs, franchises of tricycles are still in question in some respects considering the
geographical location of where it will be intent to operate.
 7th paragraph
- Again, at speculated at some point tricycle is accepted in some areas is widely accepted and
is being considered as one of the most legitimate sources of local transportation for its
mobility and availability to carry passengers and luggage in one travel. However, many still
in doubt on its capability hence some do not regard it as a public transportation – noting the
different effects it may give off towards the environment, the safety of the passengers, and
how it may ignite traffic congestions. Noted that it is power with 2-stroke engines that is
believed to emit 70% total hydrocarbons, 40% monoxide, emission test shall be conducted
 to ensure it doesn’t give off harmful effects. Hence, as stated before one cannot be granted
with any franchise if failure to follow regulations and pass the emission test.
 LOCAL STUDIES
 1st paragraph
- As we fore to measure the level of compliance of the Gloria Toda in franchising and
regulations, there will be institution or divisions such as MTH Franchising Division and MTH
Regulatory Division that would consider all needed requirements before the approval of the
passes to offer service as a public transport. One shall determine if such requirements are
met to ensure protection, safety, and convenience for both the public and private vehicles.
As for the fare rate, one shall determine that exact amount of fare is given to the
commuters for failure to comply with the standard fare rate is to be subject to be
reprimanded.
 2nd paragraph
- The Land Transport Code (R.A. 4136) and the Ordinance No, 1692 in 1994 are some of the
laws and regulations needed to be followed in accordance with having a two-wheel cab or
allowing tricycle to roam around the streets to provide services for the passengers. Having
these ordinances one can measure the operator’s level of service and what to offer towards
their customers.
 3rd paragraph
- Having tricycle or traditionally known as pedicabs is an important public transportation. As it
is designed to cater 4-6 passengers its specifications may also vary from different places.
This kind of transportation is permitted by the Board of Transportation considering previous
studies that showcases its safety as it has a lesser acceleration and speed capabilities
resulting for avoidance of traffic congestions. Moreover, in relation to the study, the
operator shall determine that the specifications and requirements upon the design of the
tricycle will follow as to what was being permitted to secure safety.
 4th paragraph
 It is somehow related with the other concepts, that one concern of the operation of tricycle is
the harmful effects that it may posses to human health and the environment in a general
context. Regardless of if it is two-stroke engines or four-strokes engines, or it is gasoline-
powered the fact that it may emits harmful residues will always be the concern of the people as
it may become the reason of the increased of hydrocarbons emissions. In relation to the
regulations set by the transportation agencies and TODA, members who consequently do not
adhere on the proper usage of engines and doesn’t go for emission test will be fine handsomely
or worst failure and subject on removal of franchise.
 SYNTHESIS
- Initially this area can be drawn into two points (1) head and operator relationship (2)
regulations and reprimands relationship. As tricycle is one of the most convenient public
transportations for the masses many passengers ought to avail on this one to the point that
one can disregard the regulations set by the head of the transportation or the association
the same applies with the operator. Hence, it is important that one shall abide on the
regulations to avoid any discrepancies or for problems not to foster. Note that it will always
be the operator’s duty to provide safety for both him and the passenger.