ACTIVITY SHEET ON DRRM

NAME/COURSE: Carlos Emmanuel L. Delgado DATE PERFORMED: 20/11/2021

GUIDE QUESTIONS ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT:

1. In our country, poor communities are the ones to suffer most damages

brought about by disasters and calamities, cite at least five (5) reasons for this.

1. Capital development – destruction of marshes by real estate developers.

2. Growing poverty, which means more lives in increasingly substandard housing.

3. Man-made destruction, for example deforestation, that lessens ecosystem resilience to disaster.

4. Concentration of populations in high-risk areas like flood plains, landslide-prone slopes, and

seismic zones

5. Rapid population growth Define the following key concepts in disaster management:

2. Define the following key concepts in disaster management:

a. Disaster g. Disaster Risk

b. Hazards h. Disaster management

c. Risks i. Disaster Risk Reduction

d. Vulnerability j. Prevention

e. Exposure k. Preparedness

f. Capacity l. Mitigation

A. Disaster - Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a serious disruption of the

functioning of a community or society, which involve widespread human, material,

economic or environmental impacts that exceed the ability of the affected community or
 society to cope using its own resources. Disaster management is how we deal with the

human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of

how we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of major failures”. Though

often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. According to the International

Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies a disaster occurs when a hazard

impacts on vulnerable people. The combination of hazards, vulnerability and inability to

reduce the potential negative consequences of risk results in disaster .

B. Hazards - A hazard can be defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and

economic disruption or environmental degradation. Typical examples of hazards can be

absence of rain (leading to drought) or the abundance thereof (leading to floods).

Chemical manufacturing plants near settlements and incorrect agricultural techniques,

can also been seen as hazards which could lead to possible disasters. Hazards can be the

creation of man or the environment.

C. Risks - Risk is usually associated with the human inability to cope with a particular

situation. In terms of disaster management, it can be defined as the probability of harmful

consequences, or expected losses death, injury, damage to property and the environment,

jobs, disruption of economic activity or social systems. Hazards will affect communities

differently in terms of ability and resources with which to cope. Poorer communities will

be more at risk than others.

D. Vulnerability - Vulnerability can be seen as, the ability a person or community has, to

predict, cope with, or avoid and recover from, the consequences of a hazard or disaster.

Marginalized, poorer and over-populated communities are more vulnerable and less able

to cope with disasters.

E. Exposure - Exposure is defined as “the situation of people, infrastructure, housing,

production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas”

F. Capacity - combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community,

society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.

Capacity may include physical, institutional, social or economic means as well as skilled

personal or collective attributes such as leadership and management. Capacity may also

be described as capability. Some examples of capacity are: permanent houses, ownership

of land, adequate food and income sources, family and community support in times of

crisis, local knowledge, good leadership etc.

combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community, society or

organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster. Capacity may

include physical, institutional, social or economic means as well as skilled personal or

collective attributes such as leadership and management. Capacity may also be described

as capability. Some examples of capacity are: permanent houses, ownership of land,

adequate food and income sources, family and community support in times of crisis, local

knowledge, good leadership etc.

G. Disaster management - According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red

Crescent Societies: “More people are becoming vulnerable to disasters or are forced to

cope with acts of violence, financial crises and growing uncertainty, often without

adequate support from their governments.” Disasters can be either natural or human-

made events and can include pandemics, technological disasters or environmental

cataclysms. Disaster types include the following: Earthquakes Tornadoes Hurricanes

Pandemics Volcano eruptions Wildfires

 H. Disaster Risk Reduction - Disasters often follow natural hazards. A disaster's severity

depends on how much impact a hazard has on society and the environment. The scale of

the impact in turn depends on the choices we make for our lives and for our environment.

These choices relate to how we grow our food, where and how we build our homes, what

kind of government we have, how our financial system works and even what we teach in

schools.

I. Prevention - Prevention is defined as regulatory and physical measures to ensure that

emergencies are prevented, or their effects mitigated and mitigation is defined as

measures taken in advance of a disaster aimed at decreasing or eliminating its impact on

society and environment.

J. Preparedness - Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce

the effects of disasters. That is, to predict and where possible—prevent them, mitigate

their impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their

consequences.

K. Mitigation - Disaster mitigation refers to structural and non-structural measures that are

undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and

technological hazards on vulnerable areas, communities and households. These efforts

can target the hazard or threat itself (for example, the positioning of firebreaks on the

urban/wildland interface). This is often referred to as 'structural mitigation', since it

requires infrastructure or engineering measures to keep the hazard away from those at

risk.

3. Identify at least 12-natural calamities/disasters and 12 man-made

calamities/disasters.

Natural Man made

1. wars 1. Mudslides

2. acts of terrorism 2. Droughts

3. structure failures 3. Typhoon

4 groundwater contamination 4. Flash Floods

5. transportation accidents 5. Thunderstorms

6. fires 6. Earthquakes

7. hazardous material spills 7. Solar Flares

8. mining accidents 8. Tsunamis

9. chemical warfare 9. Heat Waves

10. explosions 10. Floods

11. oil spill 11. Sinkholes

12. waste dumps 12. Landslides

4. Identify at least 5 that are considered High Risk Hazards.

1. Safety hazards

2. Biological hazards

3. Chemical hazards

4. Ergonomic hazards

5 Physical hazards

5. Briefly describe the effects of disasters on one’s life.

- Disasters may be explosions, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornados, or fires. In a disaster,

you face the danger of death or physical injury. You may also lose your home, possessions, and

community. Such stressors place you at risk for emotional and physical health problems.

6. Explain how & when an event become a disaster.

- Only when a natural disaster threatens human life, property, or livelihood does it become a

disaster. The more susceptible persons that live in a high-risk location, the more likely an

incident will be classified as a disaster.

7. What can be done to minimize if not eliminate man-made disaster?

- -Locating hazardous sites and materials away from centers of population. -A safe

environmental health structure, to ensure e.g. clean, uncontaminated drinking water. -Pilot

studies and the taking of independent environmental health advice before making potentially

hazardous changes. -Agreeing, monitoring and enforcing environmental health policies -Rapid,

effective remedial action in the event of a disaster, to minimize longer term risks and knock-on

effects on health.

8. What is the role of an ordinary citizen during natural and man-made

disaster?

-The citizens are first on the scene and respond to and rescue individuals. In addition, they also

protect the property from being further destroyed

9. What government agencies are involved in disaster management?

- Government incident monitoring bodies such as the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astro- nominal Services Administration (PAGASA), the disaster management authority National

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) supported by the Office of Civil

Defense (OCD)

10. List down practical ways on how you can help in your community/barangay

when disasters/calamites occur.

-Check the website of a group like the Red Cross, or a local group that’s set up to help

-Encourage others to help during calamities

–Send funds or crucial supplies

-Donate blood or supplies that might be of help