xfdLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] ljj/0fadf]lhd tkfO{+ hGdldlt – lj=;+= @)%)

>fj0f !& ut] cfOtjf/ -!^ / !& ut]sf] /ftL_ zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf] /ftL_ cª\u|]hL
ldlt – O{= ;+= !((# h'nfO{ #!, /fli6«o ;do – /ftL )!M!% ah], hGd:yfg –
/fd]5fk, g]kfn, cIff+z – @&M@# pQ/, b]zfGt/ – *^M)$ k"j{ :yfgLo ;do
– /ftL )!M!$ df hGdg' ePsf] xf] . tkfO{+sf] pd]/ M– @( jif{ )$ dlxgf )*
lbg k'u]sf] 5 . hGdlbgdf tkfO{+sf] hGd:yndf ;"of]{bo – )%M@#M$
( ah] / ;"of{:t – )^M$*M%( ah] ePsf] lyof] . tkfO{+ To;lbg ;"of]{bo
x'g'cl3 hGdg' ePsfn] tkfO{+sf] zf:qLo dfGotfcg';f/sf] hGdaf/ zlgjf/ xf] .
log} ul0ftLo tYosf cfwf/df tkfO{+ To; lbgsf] Oi638L $(M#* df rfGb|
u0fgfadf]lhd >fj0f dlxgfsf] z'Sn kIfsf] qof]bzL ltlysf lbg hGdg' ePsf] xf],
t/ tkfO{+ hlGdPsf] ;dodf >fj0f dlxgfsf] z'Sn kIfsf] rt'b{zL ltlysf] pbo 5 .
To:t} tkfO{+sf] hGdsfndf a[if nUg, wg' /flz, k"jf{iff9f gIfq, ljis'De of]u /
u/ s/0f /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] l6kgcg';f/sf] gfd 9 cIf/af6 k|f/De x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] nUgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ u|x z'qm / /flzsf] clwklt a[x:klt u|x
xf] . cª\u|]hL xf]/f]:sf]kadf]lhd tkfO{+sf] /flz l;+x x'G5 / o;sf] :jfdLu|
x ;"o{ xf] . tkfO{+sf] a[if nUg xf] . o; nUgsf] dflns z'qm u|x xf], oxfF
z'qm nUg]z x'g'sf ;fy} ifi7]zsf] e"ldsfdf klg /x]sf] x'G5 . o; nUgdf u'?
a[x:klt, dËn / rGb|dfn] csf/s / clgi6 u|xsf ¿kdf kmnk|bfg u5{g\ eg] ;"o{,
a'w / zlgn] sf/s / z'e u|x em}+ kmn k|bfg ug]{ ub{5g\ .
JolQmTj
tkfO{+ xF;d'v / Vofn76\6f dg k/fpg] JolQm x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf]
kl/jf/ / 6f]nl5d]sdf ;d]t ;Ddfg / k|lti7f k|fKt ug{'x'g]5 . tkfO{+ cfkm\gf]
ldq / kl/jf/hgaf6 k|z:t ;xof]u kfpg' x'g]5, ;fy} tkfO{+n] klg s;}sf] ;xof]u
ug{' kof]{ eg] cfFkm" kl5 kg{' x'Gg . tkfO{+ Odfgbf/ x'g'x'G5 / x[bo
ljzfn Pj+ pbf/ x'G5, ;a}k|lt k|]defj x'G5 . JolQmTjdf /x]sf] o; u'0fsf
sf/0f ;dfhdf tkfO{+n] cTolws cfb/ / ;Ddfg k|fKt ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+
cfzfjfbL x'g'x'G5 hLjgdf sl7geGbf sl7g kl/l:ylt cfpFbf klg cfzfsf] TofGb|
f] ;dft]/ a:g'x'G5 / ;w}+ k|;Gg / v';L /xg] k|of; ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+ :jefjn]
ljgd| x'g'x'G5 Pj+ ljleGg snf / clegodf ?lr /fVg] ug'{x'G5 .
tkfO{+nfO{ ;flxTosf] ?lr / ;f]v klg x'G5 . tkfO{+ s'g} ljifosf] c;n hfgsf/
x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ ;Totf / cfr/0fdf /xg' x'G5 tyf z'4 x[bosf] JolQm x'g'x'G5
. tkfO{+nfO{ cfbz{ ldq dffGg] ul/G5 lsgeg] hf];Fu ldqtf ug'{x'G5 p;Fu
k|f0ffGt;Dd ldqtfsf] kfngf ug'{x'G5, eg]sf] s'/f k"/f ug'{x'G5 . cfhLljsfsf
b[li6sf]0fn] tkfO{+ h'g If]qdf ;DalGwt x'g k'Ug'x'G5, To; :yfgsf] pRr
kbdf k'Ug ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf ;fydf wgsf] sdL x'Fb}g / ;'v;'ljwfn]
kl/k"0f{ cf/fdbfos hLjgsf] cfgGb pkef]u ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+ cWofTdk|lt
cfslif{t x'g'x'G5, t/ cWofTdsf] ulx/fOdf k'Ug ;Sg'x'Gg, lsgeg]
tkfO{+ ;'vsf] sfdgf ug'{x'G5 / ;f+;fl/stfdf /dfpg] ug'{x'G5 .
lg/fzfnfO{ cfkm"dfly xfjL x'g glbg] :jefj ePsfn] tkfO{+nfO{ cf]h:jL
JolQm dfGg] ul/G5 .
ljz]if hfgsf/L / pkfo M—
lxhf]cfh tkfO{+sf] /flzaf6 zlgZr/ u|xsf] cGTo ;f9];ftL bzf rln/x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] zlgZr/ u|xsf lgldQ :jl:tzflGt ul/lbg' pQd x'g]5 . z'qm u|x / l;4f
of]lugLsf] bzfsfndf tkfO{+n] hGd u|x0f ug'{ ePsf] xf] . lxhf]cfh
tkfO{+sf] hLjgdf /fx' u|xsf] lqefuL dxfbzfcGtu{t /fx'sf] cGtb{zf / pNsf
of]lugLsf] bzfcGtu{t elb|sfsf] cGtb{zf rln/x]sf] 5 .ca tkfO{+sf] hGd;dosf
cfwf/df lj+zf]Q/L, lqefuL / of]lugL dxfbzf tyf df/s]z, ci6d]z cflbsf]
bzfjlw u0fgf u/L /fd|f / g/fd|f kmn k|fKt x'g] jif{sf] ;"lr k|:t't ul/G5 .
cfkm\gf] z/L/df /f]uJoflw, rf]6k6s / 3/kl/jf/df /f]u, em}emu8f, tgfj /
czflGt l;h{gf u/L v/fa / cz'ekmn k|fKt x'g] ;ª\s6k|b ;do tkfO{+sf] pd]/sf]
$! $@ $# $$ $* jif{ /xg]5, olta]nf ;r]t eO{ of]Uo Hof]ltifLsf] ;Nnfx lnO{
ljlwk"j{s :jl:tzflGt, cfjZos pkfo / bzflgjf/0f sfo{ ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 .
hLjgu'hf/fsf qmddf cfkm"n] / 3/kl/jf/df b'Mv, emd]nf, tgfj / kL8f
Joxf]/L /xg'kg]{ gsf/fTds ;do pd]/sf]] )( !@ !# #& #* #( $) $( %) %@
%# %$ jif{ /xg]5, o; ;dodf klg ;Da4 u|x / of]lugLsf] :jl:tzflGt / bfgflb
ug'{ pQd x'g]5 . To:t} pd]/sf] )# )$ )% )^ !) !! !$ !* $% $^ $& jif{ s8f
ldlxg]t / nugzLntfkl5 ;kmntf cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] ;ª\3if{zLn ;do xf] . dfly
pNn]v ul/Psf] pd]/ ;d"xdf ;f9];ftL zlgbzf / c9}of zlgsf] u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 .
vf; u/L ;f9];ftL zlgbzfsf] k|efj /xg] pd]/ @@ @# @$ @% @^ @& @*
@( %@ %# %$ %% %^ %& %* jif{ / c9}of zlgbzfsf] k|efj /xg] pd]/ )# )
$ !@ !# #@ ## $! $@ $# ^@ ^# &! &@ jif{ x'g]5g\ . To:t} hLjgsfnsf]
pQd / nfek|b ;do )! )@ !% !^ !& !( @) @! @@ @# @$ @% @^ @&
@* @( #) #! #@ ## #$ #% #^ %% %^ %& %* %( ^) ^! ^@ ^# ^$ ^%
^^ ^& ^* ^( &) &! &@ &# &$ &% &^ && &* &( jif{sf] pd]/ x'g]5 .
o; ;dodf hLjgnfO{ ;Dd[4, l:y/ / ;sf/fTds t'Nofpg d2t k'Ug] /fd|f /
pknlAwd"ns z'e kl/0ffdx? k|fKt x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
of] kmnfb]z lj=;+= @)&( dª\l;/ @@ ut] laxLjf/, tbg';f/ O{= ;+= @)@@
l8;]Da/ )* sf lbg Hof]ltif;fyL Hof]ltif tyf jf:t' k/fdz{ s]Gb|sf] sfo{fnodf
t}of/ ul/Psf] xf] . of] tkfO{+n] k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] hGdldlt, hGd;do /
hGd:yfgsf cfwf/df ul/Psf] ;fdfGo n]vfhf]vf xf] . o; Od]n jf k]haf6 Ps hgf
z'elrGtsnfO{ dlxgfdf Pp6f k|Zgsf] ljgf z'Ns Hof]ltifLo lh1f;fsf] pQ/ lbg]
ul/G5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf dfWodaf6 nfdf] / lj:t[t kIfdf ljj]rgf ug{ ufx|f] x'g]
ePsfn] lj:t[t / k"0f{¿k]0f hGds'08nLsf] ljj]rgf ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+
xfd|f] sfo{fnodf kfNg ;Sg'x'g]5, sfof{{nodf pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ x'g]n]
cgnfOgdf ;z'Ns k/fdz{ lng ;Sg'x'G5, To;sf lgldQ Psd'i6 ?= kfFr ;o d]/f]
O;]jf cfO8L (*!$#$*!!! df /sd hDdf ul/lbP/ ;xof]u lng ;Sg'x'G5 . o; s]Gb|
sf] sfof{no ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] ;'Gb/ gu/L O6x/Lsf] blIf0fL If]qdf lj/f6gu/
nfOgsf] ;'ljwfgu/ eGg] 6f]ndf /x]sf] 5 . lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf]df wGojfb 5 .
Hof]ltif;fyL s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnf, df]afOn g+= (*!$#$*!!!
xfdLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] ljj/0fadf]lhd tkfO{+ hGdldlt – lj=;+= @)%) >fj0f !& ut] cfOtjf/ -!^ / !
& ut]sf] /ftL_ zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf] /ftL_ cª\u|]hL ldlt – O{= ;+= !((# h'nfO{ #!, /fli6«o ;do – /ftL )!
M!% ah], hGd:yfg – /fd]5fk, g]kfn, cIff+z – @&M@# pQ/, b]zfGt/ – *^M)$ k"j{ :yfgLo ;do –
/ftL )!M!$ df hGdg' ePsf] xf] . tkfO{+sf] pd]/ M– @( jif{ )$ dlxgf )* lbg k'u]sf] 5 . hGdlbgdf
tkfO{+sf] hGd:yndf ;"of]{bo – )%M@#M$( ah] / ;"of{:t – )^M$*M%( ah] ePsf] lyof] . tkfO{+
To;lbg ;"of]{bo x'g'cl3 hGdg' ePsfn] tkfO{+sf] zf:qLo dfGotfcg';f/sf] hGdaf/ zlgjf/ xf] . log}
ul0ftLo tYosf cfwf/df
>L u0f]zfo gdM.. o; kmnfb]z v08df ====================== lgjf;L >L
====================== / >LdtL ======================sL ;'k'qL ;f}efUojtL
9fFrfdfwjLsf] ;"of{lb gju|xsf] ljj]rgf ub}{ rlntrqm -efjs'08nL_ / /flzs'08nLsf cfwf/df ;du|
hLjgsf] ;lª\IfKt lrq k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] ljj/0fadf]lhd tkfO{+ hGdldlt – lj=;
+= @)%) >fj0f !& ut] cfOtjf/ -!^ / !& ut]sf] /ftL_ zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf] /ftL_ cª\u|]hL ldlt – O{= ;
+= !((# h'nfO{ #!, /fli6«o ;do – /ftL )!M!% ah], hGd:yfg – /fd]5fk, g]kfn, cIff+z – @&M@# pQ/,
b]zfGt/ – *^M)$ k"j{ :yfgLo ;do – /ftL )!M!$ df hGdg' ePsf] xf] . tkfO{+sf] pd]/ M– @( jif{ )$
dlxgf )* lbg k'u]sf] 5 . hGdlbgdf tkfO{+sf] hGd:yndf ;"of]{bo – )%M@#M$( ah] / ;"of{:t
– )^M$*M%( ah] ePsf] lyof] . tkfO{+ To;lbg ;"of]{bo x'g'cl3 hGdg' ePsfn] tkfO{+sf] zf:qLo
dfGotfcg';f/sf] hGdaf/ zlgjf/ xf] . log} ul0ftLo tYosf cfwf/df tkfO{+ To; lbgsf] Oi638L $(M#* df
rfGb| u0fgfadf]lhd >fj0f dlxgfsf] z'Sn kIfsf] qof]bzL ltlysf lbg hGdg' ePsf] xf], t/ tkfO{+
hlGdPsf] ;dodf >fj0f dlxgfsf] z'Sn kIfsf] rt'b{zL ltlysf] pbo 5 . To:t} tkfO{+sf] hGdsfndf a[if
nUg, wg' /flz, k"jf{iff9f gIfq, ljis'De of]u / u/ s/0f /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] l6kgcg';f/sf] gfd 9 cIf/af6 k|
f/De x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] nUgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ u|x z'qm / /flzsf] clwklt a[x:klt u|x xf] . cª\u|]hL
xf]/f]:sf]kadf]lhd tkfO{+sf] /flz l;+x x'G5 / o;sf] :jfdLu|x ;"o{ xf] . tkfO{+sf] a[if nUg xf] . o;
nUgsf] dflns z'qm u|x xf], oxfF z'qm nUg]z x'g'sf ;fy} ifi7]zsf] e"ldsfdf klg /x]sf] x'G5 . o; nUgdf
u'? a[x:klt, dËn / rGb|dfn] csf/s / clgi6 u|xsf ¿kdf kmnk|bfg u5{g\ eg] ;"o{, a'w / zlgn] sf/s / z'e u|x
em}+ kmn k|bfg ug]{ ub{5g\ .
tkfO{+sf] a[if nUg xf] . o; nUgsf] dflns z'qm u|x xf], oxfF z'qm nUg]z x'g'sf ;fy} ifi7]zsf]
e"ldsfdf klg /x]sf] x'G5 . o; nUgdf u'? a[x:klt, dËn / rGb|dfn] csf/s / clgi6 u|xsf ¿kdf kmnk|bfg
u5{g\ eg] ;"o{, a'w / zlgn] sf/s / z'e u|x em}+ kmn k|bfg ug]{ ub{5g\ . tkfO{+sf] hGds'08nLdf t];|
f] 3/df ;"o{, cf7f}+ 3/df rGb|df, rf}yf] 3/df dËn, bf];|f] 3/df a'w, kfFrf}+ 3/df a[x:klt, bf];|f] 3/df
z'qm, b;f}+ 3/df zlg, ;ftf}+ 3/df /fx' / klxnf] 3/df s]t' u|xn] ljr/0f ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
ca tkfO{+sf] hGdsfndf b]lvPsf s]xL ljlzi6 of]ux?sf] rrf{ ul/G5 M
eb|of]u
eb| of]u ePsfn] tkfO{+ x[i6k'i6 z/L/n] o'Qm, nfdf xftkfp ePsf], ;'Gb/ / sf]dn Tjrfn] o'Qm, k'i6 5ftL
ePsf], l:y/ :jefjsf], zflGtlk|o, s[t1, k|an, jfSzlQmn] o'Qm, aGw'afGwjsf] pksf/ ug]{, l;h{gfTds k|
ltef ePsf], :jtGq / s'zfu| a'l4 ePsf] JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 .
zzof]u
zz of]u ePsfn] tkfO{+ zL3|ufdL, ljBfjfg\, cUnf / 5f]6f bGtk+lQm ePsf], dft[eQm, ko{6s,
kj{tf/f]xL, csf{sf leqLs'/f kQf nufpg hfGg], b'Anf] t/ sl;nf] z/L/n] o'Qm, Zofdn, jftk|s[lt, g]tf,
qm"/, ;'vL / bL3f{o' JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 .
ct'nnIdLof]u
tkfO{+sf] hGd;dodf nUgefjsf] dflns / wgefjsf] dflns oL b'a} u|x wg:yfgdf a;]sf] cj:yf ePsfn]
ct'nnIdL of]usf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5, o;sf] k|efjn] tkfO{+n] ofjt\ ef}lts ;'v;'ljwfsf ;fy} k|z:t wg;DklQ
cfh{g ug'{ x'g]5 .
uhs]z/Lof]u
uhs]z/L of]usf] l;h{gf ePsfn] tkfO{+ ;'of]Uo, s'zn, /fhsLo ;'v;'ljwfn] o'Qm, pRr tyf k|ltli7t
kb / ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{, a'l4dfg\, ;Defif0f, ts{, ax; / jfbljjfbdf lgk'0f x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] hLjgdf
uhs]z/L of]u ;lqmo /xg] d'Vo cjlw lj=;+= @)(# r}q )! ut]b]lv lj=;+= @!)( r}q )! ut];Dd / lj=;+=
@)%* r}q )! ut]b]lv lj=;+= @)^* r}q )! ut];Dd xf] .
k~rfª\u eGgfn] ltly, af/, gIfq, of]u / s/0fsf] ;d'RronfO{ a'lemG5 . ca tkfO{+sf] hGd;dodf
/x]sf ;f}o{d08nsf s]xL u|xlk08 / k~rfª\usf leGgleGg cjl:yltsf] n]vfhf]vfsf cfwf/df tkfO{+df
g};lu{s ?kdf b]vfkg]{ k|fs[lts k|efjsf] j0f{g ul/G5 .
JolQmTj
tkfO{+ xF;d'v / Vofn76\6f dg k/fpg] JolQm x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ /
6f]nl5d]sdf ;d]t ;Ddfg / k|lti7f k|fKt ug{'x'g]5 . tkfO{+ cfkm\gf] ldq / kl/jf/hgaf6 k|z:t ;xof]u kfpg'
x'g]5, ;fy} tkfO{+n] klg s;}sf] ;xof]u ug{' kof]{ eg] cfFkm" kl5 kg{' x'Gg . tkfO{+ Odfgbf/
x'g'x'G5 / x[bo ljzfn Pj+ pbf/ x'G5, ;a}k|lt k|]defj x'G5 . JolQmTjdf /x]sf] o; u'0fsf sf/0f ;dfhdf
tkfO{+n] cTolws cfb/ / ;Ddfg k|fKt ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+ cfzfjfbL x'g'x'G5 hLjgdf sl7geGbf sl7g
kl/l:ylt cfpFbf klg cfzfsf] TofGb|f] ;dft]/ a:g'x'G5 / ;w}+ k|;Gg / v';L /xg] k|of; ug'{x'G5 .
tkfO{+ :jefjn] ljgd| x'g'x'G5 Pj+ ljleGg snf / clegodf ?lr /fVg] ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ ;flxTosf] ?
lr / ;f]v klg x'G5 . tkfO{+ s'g} ljifosf] c;n hfgsf/ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ ;Totf / cfr/0fdf /xg' x'G5 tyf z'4
x[bosf] JolQm x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ cfbz{ ldq dffGg] ul/G5 lsgeg] hf];Fu ldqtf ug'{x'G5 p;Fu k|
f0ffGt;Dd ldqtfsf] kfngf ug'{x'G5, eg]sf] s'/f k"/f ug'{x'G5 . cfhLljsfsf b[li6sf]0fn] tkfO{+ h'g
If]qdf ;DalGwt x'g k'Ug'x'G5, To; :yfgsf] pRr kbdf k'Ug ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf ;fydf wgsf] sdL
x'Fb}g / ;'v;'ljwfn] kl/k"0f{ cf/fdbfos hLjgsf] cfgGb pkef]u ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+ cWofTdk|lt cfslif{t
x'g'x'G5, t/ cWofTdsf] ulx/fOdf k'Ug ;Sg'x'Gg, lsgeg] tkfO{+ ;'vsf] sfdgf ug'{x'G5 / ;f+;fl/stfdf
/dfpg] ug'{x'G5 . lg/fzfnfO{ cfkm"dfly xfjL x'g glbg] :jefj ePsfn] tkfO{+nfO{ cf]h:jL JolQm
dfGg] ul/G5 .
lzIffbLIff
tkfO{+df dWod:t/sf] af}l4s r]tgf ljBdfg 5 . h'g;'s} s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L a'em\g ;Sg] ;fdYo{ eP tfklg
tkfO{+n] z}lIfs pkflw k|fKt ug{ cln ldlxg]t g} ug'{k5{ . oBlk cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf]
1fg / ;LknfO{ tkfO{+n] /f]huf/L / Joj;flos If]qdf e/k"/ k|of]u ug'{k5{ . ljljw Jojxfl/s sf/0fn]
tkfO{+sf] cf}krfl/s lzIff lng] qmd /f]lsPdf To;kl5 cWoogsf If]qdf 7"nf] km8\sf] dfg{ sl7gfO g}
x'G5 . To;}n] nIo k"0f{ gx'~h]n k9fOsf] qmdnfO{ g/f]Sg' tkfO{+sf nflu >]o:s/ x'g]5 . tkfO{+sf]
lzIff, tflnd / 1fg xfl;n ug]{ jf:tljs If]q efiff;flxTo, OlGhlgol/ª-ljB't, On]S6«f]lgs_, lzIf0fk|fWofkg,
Jofkf/ / jfl0fHozf:q, Joj:yfkg;Da4 1fg, ;fj{hlgs oftoft, 9'jfgL, 8«fOleª, jfo'ofgrfns, ;f}Gbo{k|;fwg,
d"lt{ jf v]nf}gf;Da4 tflnd xf] . o;afx]s tkfO{+sf] em'sfj s[lifIf]q, vfBk|ljlw, e"ue{zf:q, OlGhlgol/ª
-lgd{f0f;Da4_, kz'lrlsT;f, sfo{fno Joj:yfkg, ;}Go tflnd jf xftxltof/ tyf snsf/vfgf;Da4 1fg
jf /;fogzf:q lzIf0fk|fWofkg, lzIffzf:q, /fhgLlt, k|zf;lgs sfd, dfs{]l6ª, cfd;~rf/, kqsfl/tf, sfg'g /
ljlwzf:q jf tGq, dGq, cg'i7fgflb wfld{s If]q;Da4 1fg cflb ljifodf ;d]t x'g]5 . log} ljifox?dWo] s'g}
ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw jf 1fg / ;Lk xfl;n u/]/ tkfO{+n] k|lti7f k|fKt ug'{k5{ . oBlk tkfO{+n]
OlGhlgol/ª\u -oGq;Da4 sfd_, ;'/Iff aGbf]a:tL, xf]6n Joj:yfkg;Da4 1fg, u/uxgf, hjflx/ft, 5fnf, sRrf
t]n, l;d]G6 jf dlb/f pBf]u cflb;Da4 >dd"ns 1fg, zf/Ll/s lzIff, of]u jf v]ns'b cflb If]qsf] 1fg k|fKt
ug'{ ePdf ;d]t Joj;flos hLjg ;xhtfsf ;fy ofkg ug{ / ;'v;Dd[l4 h'6fpg ;3fp k'Ug]5 . k7gkf7gsf qmddf
pd]/sf] !% !( @) @! @@ @# @% jif{df pQd kl/0ffd k|fKt x'g] ;+s]t b]lvG5 .
k];f jf Joj;fo
tkfO{+sf] /f]huf/L / Joj;fosf] l:ylt dWod:t/sf] ljBdfg 5 . h'g;'s} k];f jf /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf k|j]z u/]
klg tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] hLjgz}nLnfO{ Jojl:yt t'Nofpg lgSs} ldlxg]t ug'{k5{ . oBlk cfkm"n] k|fKt
u/]sf] 1fg / ;LknfO{ tkfO{+n] /f]huf/L / Joj;flos If]qdf e/k"/ k|of]u ug'{k5{ . b]zk/b]zsf] e|d0faf6
Joj;flos hLjgnfO{ Jojl:yt t'Nofpg tkfO{+n] u/]sf k|of; ;fy{s x'g]5g\ . ljljw Jojxfl/s sf/0fn]
tkfO{+sf] Joj;fo jf /f]huf/Ldf cj/f]w cfpgfn] cfly{s l:yltnfO{ ;Gt'lnt agfpg lgSs} k|of; ug'{k5{ .
tkfO{+sf] /f]huf/Lsf nflu l:y/ / jf:tljs If]q oGq;Da4 sfd, ;'/Iff aGbf]a:t, xf]6n Joj;fo, kmnfd,
xftxltof/, 5fnf pBf]u, sRrf t]n, l;d]G6 pBf]u, dBkfg pBf]u, hjflx/ftsf] sf/f]af/, 5fnfh'Qf xf] . log}
If]qdWo] s'g} Pp6f If]qnfO{ rog u/L kbk|flKtsf nflu k|of; u/L tkfO{+n] hLjgz}nLnfO{ ;'Jojl:yt
agfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . oBlk tkfO{+n] Sofl;gf], n6/L, lr6\7f, v]ns'b, kj{tf/f]x0f jf ;fxl;s sfo{;DaGwL
tflnd cflb If]qsf] 1fg k|fKt ug'{ ePdf ;d]t Joj;flos hLjg ;xhtfsf ;fy ofkg ug{ / ;'v;Dd[l4 h'6fpg ;3fp
k'Ug]5 . k];f, Joj;fo, /f]huf/L cflbsf b[li6n] pd]/sf] !^ !& !( @) @! @@ @# @$ @% @^ @& @*
@( #) #! #$ jif{ To; If]qdf k|j]z ug{, JolQmTj ljsf; ug{ Pj+ a9'jf, k|z+;f jf l:y/tf k|fKt
ug{ ;xh ;dosf ?kdf cfpg] 5, To:t} Joj;flos jf /f]huf/Lsf If]qdf %! %% %^ %& %* %( jif{df
;sf/fTds glthf xftkg]{ ;Defjgf 5 . oL jif{nfO{ pkof]u u/]df hLjgnfO{ Jojl:yt t'Nofpg d2t k'Ug]5 .
j}jflxs hLjg / kfl/jfl/s ;'v
tkfO{+sf] bfDkTo hLjg ;'vL / cfgGbk"0f{ /xg]5 . tkfO{+sf rfxgf, OR5f / dgf]j[lQnfO{ a'em\g]
hLjg;fyL x'gfn] b'a} kltkTgLn] b'Mv;'vdf ;dfg ;xefuL eO{ lgi7fk"j{s ;'vb bfDkTo hLjg JotLt ug]
{ ;Defjgf 5 . oBlk tkfO{+ efj's k|s[ltsf] JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ dfof / k|]dsf] sl;nf] aGwgaf6
dfq bfDkTo hLjg ;'vb / cfgGbk"0f{ x'G5 eGg] wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] nUgs'08nLdf
df+ulns of]u 5, t/ nUgs'08nLsf] zlgsf] a;fO x]bf{ o;sf] bf]if eË ePsf] 5, oBlk o; of]usf sf/0f
bfDkTo hLjgdf v/fa k|efjkg]{ ub{5 . ljjfxsf] lg0f{ok"j{ tkfO{+ / tkfO{+sf] ;Defljt hLjg;fyLsf]
s'08nL ldnfg u/L u|xlrlsT;f ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'g]5 . oBlk tkfO{+n] dfofk|]d, 3/fo;L Jojxf/, ;'v;Dd[l4
cflb cfwf/e"t u'0fx?sf] sdL ePsf] hLjg;fyL k|fKt ug]{ ;Defjgf 5 . cfkm\gf s'/f lhTg'kg]{ /
3d08L :jefj eP klg pgdf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] eg] sdL x'g]5}g . tkfO{+sf] ljjfx of]Uo lbzf a;f]af;sf]
If]qaf6 k"j{, blIf0f, klZrd lbzf xf], tkfO{+n] sfo{If]q jf z}lIfs If]qsf ;Dks{af6
jf ;fyLefOsf] ;xof]un] 1fg / a'l4n] o'Qm, ;'Gb/ jf sl;nf] lhp8fn ePsf], :jfledfgL / JolQmut ;b\u'0fn]
o'Qm jf kl/>dL, cGtd'{vL, lhtfxf :jefj ePsf] t/ sd{zLn hLjg;fyL k|fKt ug'{x'g]5 . tkfO{+sf]
bfDkTo hLjg ;'?jftsf nflu pd]/sf] @* @% !% !^ !& !( @) @! @@ @# @$ @% @^ @& @*
@( #) #! #@ ## #$ #% #^ jif{x?dWo] s'g} Pp6f jif{ x'g;S5, To:t} %! %^ ^@ jif{x? 3/fo;L /
kfl/jfl/s cg's"ntfsf jif{ x'g]5g\ .
;GtfgkIf
tkfO{+sf ;Gtfgn] wgwfGo / k/fqmdsf] If]qdf ;dfhdf k|l;l4 / k|lti7f k|fKt ug]{5g\ . a'w u|xsf] k|efjsf
sf/0f tkfO{+sf ;Gtfg ljåfg\ / 1fgL x'g]5g\ . tkfO{+n] ;Gtfg hGdgf ;fy sDtLdf ;jf tf]nf rfFbL bfg
u/]/ rfFbLs} cn+sf/ nufOlbg' ePdf ;Gtfg lg/f]uL, bL3f{o' / ;'vL x'g] b]lvG5 . csf/0f em}emu8f /
d'2fdfldnfdf clNemg' x'Fb}g, o;n] tkfO{+sf ;Gtltsf] pGgltdf cj/f]w cfpg]5 / a'9\
of}nLdf ;Gtfg ;'vdf sdL cfpg] 5 . tkfO{+sf] efjs'08nLsf] ;Gtlt:yfgdf dËn a[x:klt u|x a;]sf] b]lvG5 .
dËn u|xsf] k|efjsf sf/0f tkfO{+ k|yd ;Gtfg k|flKtdf afwf x'G5 / x'sf{pg] qmddf lgs} afwf
Joxf]g'{ k5{ . oBlk ;Gtfg k|fKt ePkl5dfq tkfO{+sf] k/fqmd / k|l;l4df a9fjf x'g] ub{5 . klxnf] ;Gtfg
afNofj:yfdf lgs} /f]uL / sdhf]/ x'g], d[To't'No si6 k|fKt x'g], lszf]/fj:yfdf eËhfxf :jefj ljsl;t eP/
b'Mv kfOg], s'nt jf b'Jo{;gsf] l;sf/ aGg] clg k|f}9fj:yfdf dftflktfsf] ;]jf u/L ga:g] ;Defjgf x'g]5 .
a[x:kltn] l9nf] u/L ;Gtfg k|flKtsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;+s]t ub{5 . oBlk u'? a[x:kltsf] k|efjaf6
tkfO{+sf ;Gtfg ljåfg\, 1fgL / k|efjzfnL x'g] ub{5g\ . ;Gtfgk|flKt kl5 tkfO{+sf] efUoan cem /fd|/L
rlDsg] 5 . tkfO{+sf nflu ;Gtfgk|flKtsf lgldQ pQd ;do pd]/sf] @% @& #) #$ jif{ x'g]5, ;fy}
hLjgsfnsf] #^ %! %% %^ %& %* %( ^) ^@ ^# ^% &) &@ &$ &% &&
&( jif{ ;GtltkIfaf6 ;'v;'ljwf / nfe k|fKt x'g] ;do xf] .
wgfh{g / ef}lts ;'v;'ljwf
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf ;fdfGo :t/sf] wg;DklQ / ef}lts ;'v;Dd[l4sf] of]u 5 . tkfO{+sf] wgefjdf :jfldTj
/fVg] u|x a'w xf] . a'wsf] k|efjsf sf/0f tkfO{+sf] wgfh{gsf] d'Vo kIf af}l4s Ifdtf xf] . tkfO{+sf]
efUodf wgwfGo, ;'v;Dd[l4 / ljnfl;tfk"0f{ hLjg 5 . hLjgsfnsf] 5QL;f}+ jif{ wgnfe / nufgLsf nflu
dxTTjk"0f{ jif{ x'g]5 . tkfO{+ n]vg, cWofkg, larf}lnof -dWo:ytf_ cflb sfo{If]qdf /f]huf/L u/]/
jf ;fh;Hhf, On]S6«f]lgs j:t', km];g, v]nf}gf, gf/L>[ª\uf/ h:tf Joj;fosf dfWodaf6 cfhLljsf / wgfh{gdf
;Ifd x'g'x'g]5 . z}lIfslgsfodf nufgL u/]/, k|fWofkg u/L jf af}l4s / z}lIfs If]qsf] k|zf;lgs lhDd]af/L
jxg u/L /fd|f] cfly{s x}l;ot lgdf{0f ug{ ;Ifd x'g'x'g]5 . efjs'08nLcg';f/ tkfO{+sf] wgefjdf z'qm u|x
a;]sf] 5 . b}Tou'? z'qm u|xsf] k|efjsf sf/0f j:qfe"if0f / wgwfGon] tkfO{+sf] e08f/ el/k"0f{
/xg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . rfFbL, s'g} ;]tf] j:t', ;L;f, /Tg cflb Joj;fo jf cfkm"leq /x]sf] s'g} l;h{gfTds k|
ltefsf dfWodaf6 tkfO{+n] wgfh{g ug'{ x'g]5 . ljnfl;tfk"0f{ hLjgz}nL x'gfn] tkfO{+ ljk/Ltln+uLsf
dfemdf ;d]t nf]slk|o /xg' x'g]5 . pQd jfxg, pQd j:qfn+sf/ / wgwfGosf ;fydf ;'v;Dd[l4 k|bfg
ug'{ z'qm u|xsf] ljz]iftf xf] . ef}lts ;'v;'ljwf h'6fpg / ;DklQ hu]gf{ ug{ z'e jif{sf ?kdf tkfO{+sf]
hLjgsfnsf !( @) @! @@ @# @% @& #) #! #@ ## #$ #% #^ %% %^ %& %* %( ^) ^# ^% ^^
^& ^* ^( &) &! &@ &# &$ &% && &( jif{ kmnbfoL b]lvG5g\ .
:jf:Yol:ylt
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf /fd|f] :jf:Yol:ylt / zf/Ll/s cj:yf b]lvG5 . a[x:klt u|xsf] k|efjsf sf/0f tkfO{+
bL3f{o' / ;':j:y JolQm aGg' x'g]5, of]u / cfxf/ljxf/ tyf lgoldt vfgkfg k|lt tkfO{+sf] em'sfj /xg]
b]lvG5 . oBlk tkfO{+sf] kfrgk|0ffnL, dnåf/, sn]hf] / lkQdf a[x:klt u|xsf] lu4] b[li6 x'G5 . tL If]qdf
;d:of pTkGg x'g;Sg] ePsfn] ;r]t /xg' cfjZos 5 . :jf:Yodf ;fdfGo ptf/r9fj x'g] cGo ;dosf t'ngfdf
hLjgsfnsf $! $@ $# $$ $* $( %) jif{x? :jf:Yosf b[li6sf]0fn] sdhf]/ jif{ /xg] ;Defjgf ePsfn] ;r]ttf
ckgfpg' jf~5gLo 5 .
cGo ljj/0fx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M—
tkfO{+sf] a[if nUg xf] . o; nUgdf hGd lng'ePsf] x'Fbf tkfO{+ xf]rf] sb, t/ cfsif{s JolQmTjsf] wgL
x'g'x'G5 . l:y/ nUg x'gfn] tkfO{+sf] :jefj l:y/tfo'Qm x'G5 . tkfO{+n] h:t} eP klg sfd ug'{x'G5 /
To;nfO{ k"/f u/L 5f8\g'x'G5 . /flz lrXg uf]? ePsf sf/0fn] tkfO{+ cToGt ldlxg]tL x'g'x'G5 / lg/Gt/
sfd u/L /xg' tkfO{+sf] g};lu{s Jojxf/ xf] . tkfO{+nfO{ kmsfP/ h] klg u/fpg ;lsG5 t/ s/
ubf{ tkfO{+n] s]xL klg 6]g'{x'Gg . clg s;}sf] ;xfotf ubf{ cfkm\gf] k"0f{ zlQm k|of]u ug'{x'G5 .
tkfO{+ lh2L x'g'x'G5, tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] lh2Lkg TofUg'k5{ . k[YjL tTj x'gfn] ;xgzLn x'g'x'G5 .
cTolws ldlxg]t ug{] / lg/Gt/ g/f]lSsOsg sfd ug{] cfkm\gf] afgLn] tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] v'/fsdf klg
Wofg k'of{pg ;Sg'x'Gg / tkfO{+nfO{ Uofl:6sl;t ;DalGwt /f]u x'g;S5 . sfd;Fu} tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf]
vfgfv'/fsLdf klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . nfdf] ;do;Dd ef]sf] ga;]/ aLraLrdf w]/yf]/ vfg]s'/f vfg'k5{ .
z'qmsf] k|efj x'gfn] cfkm\gf] sfo{:yndf tkfO{+ x/]s cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+
cfkm\gf] klx/gdf cln a9L Wofg lbg'x'G5 . ;do;Fu} /xg;xgdf klg tkfO{+n] kl/jt{g u/L /xg' x'G5 .
of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] sfd ug{ tkfO{+nfO{ dgk5{ . k|To]s j:t'nfO{ plrt :yfgdf /fVg', lhDdfdf cfPsf] k|
To]s sfdnfO{ k"0f{ ug{', k|To]s ;'Gb/ j:t'k|lt ;lhn} cfslif{t x'g' tkfO{+sf] ljz]iftf xf] . tkfO{+sf]
JolQmTj ;f+:s[lts 5 / pRr:t/Lo ;flxTo tyf snfTds sfo{k|lt tkfO{+sf] em'sfp x'g;S5 . tkfO{+
cg'zf;glk|o x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ o:tf] s]xL efUozfnL JolQmx¿df x'g'x'G5, hf] x]bf{ ¿kjfg\ x'G5g\ .
tkfO{+ w}o{jfg\ x'g'x'G5, csf{sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;xhtfk"j{s :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5, csf{sf s'/fdf ;f]rljrf/
gu/L t'?Gt ljZjf; ug{' tkfO{+sf] ljz]iftf xf] . c?;Fu vf;u/L ljk/Lt lnª\uLl;t zL3| k|efljt x'g' tkfO{+sf]
7"nf] sdhf]/L xf] . zq'tf ePsfx¿;Fu nfdf] ;do;Dd k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] u|:t x'g' klg tkfO{+sf] csf{]
sdhf]/L xf] . tkfO{+ v'Nnf k|j[lQsf] Odfgbf/ JolQm x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+leq c?nfO{ k|;Gg / v';L
kfg{] tLj| OR5f n's]sf] 5 . x'g t of] cToGt /fd|f] u'0f xf] t/ o; :jefjsf] dfqf a9Øf] eg] Tolt /fd|f]
x'Fb}g . csf{sf lgldQ wg / ;do vr{ ubf{ub{} tkfO{+sf] hLjg laTg]5 . k[YjL tTj ePsf sf/0f tkfO{+
w}o{jfg\, ;xgzLn / l;h{gzLn :jefjsf] x'g'x'G5 / lhDd]jf/Lsf] efjgfn] el/k"0f{ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+
eljiok|lt clt cfzfjfbL x'g'x'G5 clg sl7g kl/>dL / w}o{jfg\ klg x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ l:y/ /xFb} sl7gfOsf]
;fdgf ug{'x'G5 / ck"0f{ dgn] s]xL klg ug{'x'Gg . kof{Kt OR5f zlQm tyf l:y/tfn] b[9tfk"j{s
sfo{ k"/f ug{'x'G5 . wg;DklQsf af/]df tkfO{+df ljlzi6 b[li6sf]0f ljBdfg 5, s'g} ;dodf ;fFRr} cfjZos
7fpFdf klg tkfO{+ vr{ ug{ nf]e ug{'x'G5 eg] slxn] dHhfn] vr{ ug{'x'G5 . ;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf
d2t / ;/;xof]u ug{' tkfO{+sf] ?lrsf] If]q xf] . ;xfg'e"lt / cfltYo ;Tsf/ h:tf ;b\u'0f ePsfn] tkfO{+sf]
rl/q cb\e't ag]sf] 5 . tkfO{+ uDeL/, cGtd{'vL / zfnLg :jefjsf] x'g'x'G5 . hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s Jofofd, of]u cflb ubf{ tkfO{+ bL3f{o' x'g ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] unf jf 3fF6Ldf b]lvg] lrXg
jf vt x'g] ;Defjgf 5 .
tkfO{+sf] wg' /flz ePsfn] tkfO{+ k}lqs ;DklQ k|fKt ug{], TofuL, bfgzLn, sfJoflb a'‰g] slj,
k/fqmdL, w]/} jL/tf ePsf], /fd|f] lzNksnf hfGg], cufl8 em's]sf sfFw ePsf], sfFw k5fl8 p7]sf x8\8L
ePsf], gªdf ljsf/o'Qm, df;'n] el/k"0f{ e'hf ePsf], k|ltefzfnL, wd{sQf{, cfkm\gf] aGw'l;t å]if /fVg],
x7 / zlQmaf6 jzdf gx'g], k|]d / sf]dn Jojxf/af6 lgolGqt x'g] JolQmTj x'g'x'g]5 .
tkfO{+sf] hGd rt'b{zL ltlysf] pbosfndf ePsf] 5 . hGdsf lx;fan] of] ltly /fd|f] dflgG5 . o; ltlydf hGd
lng] hfts wgjfg\, wd{fr/0f ug{], ;fx;L, jL/, jrgdf kSsf, /fHokIfaf6 ;Ddfg k|fKt ug{] / P]Zjo{zfnL
JolQmTj x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] hGd /ftsf] ;dodf ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+ cN5L / lbpF;f] ;'Tg rfxg] JolQmdf kg'{x'G5 .
tkfO{+df zª\sfn' k|j[lQ 5 . tkfO{+ cGtd'{vL :jefjsf] x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ cfFkm";Fu ;Da4
j:t'nfO{ l56f] phfu/ x'g lbg'x'Gg . To:t} tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf hLjgdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf
;'cj;/x¿nfO{ l9nf] u/L lrGg'x'G5 . o;k|lt tkfO{+n] ;hu /xg' cTofjZos 5 . tkfO{+n] s]xL dxTTjk"0f{
df}sfx¿ u'dfpg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . dfG5] l9nf] ePklg tkfO{+ ldlxg]tL, k|ltefzfnL / cfkm\gf] nIok|lt ;hu
Pj+ t]hLsf ;fy cu|;/ x'g] JolQmdWo] kg'{x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] hGd cfOtjf/ ePsf] xf], t/ tkfO{+ ;"of]{bocl3 / laxfgsf] /flt hGdg' ePsfn] tkfO{+n] cfkm\
gf] wfld{s s[To ;Dkfbg ug{] l;nl;nfdf hGdaf/ zf:qLo 9+un] zlgjf/nfO{ dfGg'kg{] x'G5 . To; af/sf]
u0fgfadf]lhd tkfO{+n] hLjgdf nfdf] ;do;Dd ;ª\3if{ ug{' kg{]5 . s8f ldlxg]tsf] kl/0ffdaf6 tkfO{+n]
cfkm\gf] hLjg JotLt ug{' kg{]5 . tkfO{+n] Joj;flos / /f]huf/Lsf If]qdf dflyNnf] :t/ k|fKt
ug{ c;fWo} kl/>d ug{' k5{ . tkfO{+sf] cfDbfgL klg vr{sf t'ngfdf yf]/} x'G5 . tkfO{+ cJojl:yt,
lg/fzfjfbL / lrGtfu|:t /xg ;Sg'x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] hGd k"jf{iff9f gIfqdf ePsf] xf] . o; gIfqsf] :jfdL z'qm u|xnfO{ dfGg] ul/G5 . o; gIfqdf
hlGdg' ePsfn] Hof]ltifzf:qsf cfwf/df tkfO{+ ;fdfGotof efUodfgL 7xl/g' x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] dg'io u0f xf] . o; u0fdf hGd lng] JolQmx¿ :jfledfgL, wg;DkGg, 7"nf cfFvf ePsf, z:qf:q
rnfpg l;kfn' / l5d]sLx¿df lk|o x'g] ub{5g\ .
tkfO{+sf] hGd ljis'De of]u k/]sf] cj;/df ePsf] 5 . o; of]udf hGd lng] dflg;x¿ k|foM ¿kjfg\,
efUodfgL, wg / cfe"if0fn] el/k"0f{, ljj]sL / 7"nf ljåfg\ x'g] ub{5g\ .
tkfO{+sf] hGd u/ s/0fdf ePsf] 5 . o; s/0fdf hGd lng] hfts s[lifsd{df bIf, 3/fo;L sfddf tTk/ / cfjZostf
ePsf] j:t' ldlxg]tsf ;fy hf]8hfd ug{] snf ePsf] pBdL JolQm x'G5 .
ca s'08nLdf /x]sf u|xsf] 5'6\6f5'6\6} kmn / ljj/0f pNn]v ul/G5 M—
;"o{sf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf ;"o{ u|xn] ;'v :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] hGds'08nLdf ;"o{ u|xn]
t[tLoefj efjdf ljr/0f u/]sf] cj:yf b]lvG5 . o; u|xn] tkfO{+nfO{ ;'Gb/ z/L/sf] :jfdL, k/fqmdL, kl/>dL,
bfgL, k|tfkL, Gofolk|o, lg/f]uL / ;bfrf/L aGg ;xof]u u5{. tkfO{+nfO{ clgoldttf, e|i6frf/ / 5nsk6 dg
kb}{g . tkfO{+sf] tLI0f a'l4 5 / ul0ft, Hof]ltif h:tf ljifodf ljz]if ?lr x'g]5 . ;/sf/L ;Ddfgsf] /fd|f] of]u
5 . tkfO{+sf k|ltåGåL x'Fb}gg\, ePklg tkfO{+;fd' tL l6Sg ;Sb}gg\ . bfh' x'Fb}g jf bfh';Fu ;';DaGw
x'Fb}g . eflgh, elthf jf ldqsf] ;xof]u ugf{n] efUof]bo x'G5 . tkfO{+df ljk/LtlnËLnfO{ cfslif{t
t'Nofpg] ljz]if zlQm 5 . o:tf dflg;df wgxLg 3/df hlGdP klg cfkm}+n] sdfPsf] ;DklQaf6 wgL aGg]
of]u;d]t x'G5 . t/ tkfO{+sf] lrgfdf ;"o{u|xn] ;lGwdf ljr/0f ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;lGwdf /x]sf] u|xn]
k"0f{ ?kn] kmn k|bfg ug]{ ;fdYo{ k|fKt u/]sf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] o; u|xsf /fd|f jf g/fd|f kmn sd}
dfqfdf hLjgdf nfu" x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] ;"o{ u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+n] efOalxgLsf] ;'v Pj+ k/fqmddf sdLsf]
cg'e"lt ug{'x'G5 . To:t} hLjgofkgsf qmddf tkfO{+n] czflGt tyf lg/fzfsf] ;fdgf;d]t ug{'k5{ . g/gftf /
s'6'Daaf6 tkfO{+nfO{ ;fdfGo ;'v eP klg vf;} pT;fxk"0f{ ;DaGw eg] x'g]5}g . tkfO{+n] d'2fdfldnf
/ c8\8f cbfntsf] ;d:of klg Joxf]g{' kg{] x'G5 . tkfO{+ bL3f{o' tyf ljBf / a'l4df >]i7 JolQmTj
x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{sf] b]a|] cfFvf sdhf]/ x'G5 / obfsbf 6fpsf] b'vfOaf6 kLl8t x'g'x'G5 . To;f] t tkfO{+
cfkm\g} k'¿iffy{åf/f wgfh{g ug{] / zq'kIfdfly k|efj sfod ug{;Sg] JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . hLjgofkgsf
qmddf tkfO{+sf] k|lti7f / dof{bfsf] xflg klg x'g;S5 .
rGb|dfsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf rGb| u|xn] k/fqmd :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . ci6d :yfgdf /x]sf] rGb|dfsf sf/0f k'?
if hftsn] ;;'/fnL kIfaf6 / :qL hftsn] dfOtLkIfaf6 k]jf jf bfOhf]sf ¿kdf k|z:t wgwfGo nfe ug]
{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . ;fdfGotof cf7f}+ rGb|dfnfO{ sdhf]/ rGb|df dflgG5, o:tf] cj:yf x'Fbf ljBfk|flKtdf
sl7gfO x'G5, dft[;'vdf sdL x'G5, nfdf] ;do;Dd 3/aflx/ jf 8]/fdf hLjgofkg ug'{kg]{ x'G5, t/
b]zb]zfGt/sf] ofqf ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'G5, oBlk k|jf;df /xFbf;d]t zlg jf /fx'sf] k|efj b]lvPdf ;f]r] hlQ
nfe kfpg ;ls+b}g . tkfO{+df of]u / cfo'j]{bk|lt cle?lr x'g] ub{5 . o; cj:yfdf hGd lng] hfts O{/\iofn'
k|s[ltsf x'g] ub{5g\, t/ logdf bofn'kg, a'l4dQf, ljgf]bL :jefj / ljåQf;d]t x'g] ub{5 . a'9\of}nL /f]uu|:t
x'g] nIf0f 5, c?lr, k|d]x, jft /f]u, /Qmljsf/ cflb cg]sf}+ /f]usf] k|sf]kdf /xg' ePsfn] o'jfj:yfb]lv g}
cfxf/ljxf/ / vfgkfgk|lt ;ts{ /xg' cfjZos x'G5 . vf;u/L /fx' / zlgsf] ;dofjlwdf tkfO{+ cl:y/ a'l4, bLg,
lrlGtt, b'a{n z/L/, kfkL Pj+ lgw{g aGg;Sg] vt/f x'G5 . o:tf v/fakmnaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg tkfO{+n]
dfGohg / cleefjssf] cfb/ ug{'k5{, ltgsf] ;]jf;'>'iff u/]/ cfzLjf{b u|x0f ug{'k5{ .
dËnsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf dËn u|xn] k|0fo :yfg / Joo :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] rf}yf] 3/df dËn u|
xn] ljr/0f ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . tkfO{+ ;kmf dgsf] JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . o:tf dflg; cfˆgf] 3/kl/jf/sf]
kfngkf]if0fnfO{ ljz]if dxQ\j lbg] ub{5g\ . logn] ;dfhdf k|ltli7t JolQmTj jf /fHosf kIfaf6
dfg;Ddfg / k|lti7f k|fKt ug]{ ub{5g\ . hUufhldgaf6 /fd|f] k|ltkmn k|fKt x'G5, slt;Dd eg] uf8wg;d]t
k|fKt ug]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . tkfO{+n] 3/sf :qL gft]bf/x¿;Fu ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod /fVg' /fd|f] x'g]5 .
tkfO{+nfO{ dËn, e|fd/L, /fx' / pNsfsf] bzfsfn Tolt /fd|f] ;do x'g]5}g, pQm cjlwdf
tkfO{+n ;xgzLntf u'dfpg' x'g]5, s'a'l4n] ufFHg;S5, z/L/df vfgkfgsf] ?lrdf sdL cfpg] 5 . z/L/
b'Anf]kftnf] x'g] / sdhf]/L cg'e"lt x'g]5 . ;fdfGotof kfl/jfl/s vr{df a[l4 x'G5, xftdf cfP klg wg l6Sg
kfpFb}g . kTgL, dftf jf ;f;'sf] :jf:Yol:yltdf lsl;dlsl;dsf ;d:ofx¿ cfO/xG5g\ . bfh'efO, ldqju{ /
lbbLalxgL;Fu snx / ljjfbsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'G5 . lbdfudf qmf]wsf] kf/f] a9\5 . lbgx'F n8fOF,
emu8f / ljjfb eO/xG5 . gLr / b'i6 :jefjsf ;fyLx¿;Fu ldqtf sfod x'G5, h;sf sf/0f rl/qdf :vng
eO{ ;fdflhs ckdfg Joxf]g'{kg]{ x'G5 .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] dËn u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+n] kl/>d / ldlxg]t u/]df dfq efUoa[l4
x'g]5 / hGd:yfg jf kl/jf/ /x]sf] 7fpFaf6 blIf0f lbzfdf hfFbf tkfO{+sf] ;d'Gglt x'g]5 . tkfO{+n]
k"0f{ ¿kn] pQ/bfloTj / / st{JonfO{ lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . tkfO{+n] dft[;'v, crn ;DklQ / 3/fo;L ;'vdf
cefj ePsf] cg'e"lt ug'{x'G5, t/ tkfO{+ cfkm\gf] s'ndf s'nbLks em+} k|ltli7t x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ w]/}
w}o{jfg\, zflGtlk|o / bofn' x'g'x'G5 . k/lnª\uL jf hLjg;fyLaf6 tkfO{+n] /fd|f] cfly{s nfe kfpg' x'g]5
.
a'wsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf a'w u|xn] wg :yfg / a'l4 :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] bf];|f] efjdf a'w u|
xsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] u|xof]u x'Fbf JolQmx¿ u'lnof] kbfy{ dg k/fpg] ub{5g\ .
tkfO{+ ;"Idb|i6f, a'l4dfg\, sfJo1 / ul0ft1 x'g'x'g]5 . tkfO{+sf] pRr d:ts x'G5 / zLnjfg\,
;bfrf/L, ;TojQmf, dw'/f] :j/sf] wgL, lktf / u'?sf] eQm x'g'x'g]5 . pRr sf]l6sf ljåfg\x¿sf] ;d"xdf
tkfO{+sf] u0fgf x'g]5 . tkfO{+sf] af]nLdf ljz]if bd x'G5 / cleJolQm z}nL k|efjzfnL / t]lhnf] x'g]
ub{5 . tkfO{+ cfˆg} ana'tfn] sdfPsf] k|lti7f / wgsf dfWodaf6 ;DkGg x'g'x'g]5 . n]vg, Jofkf/, z}lIfs
If]q, n]vf cflb sfo{sf dfWodaf6 tkfO{+sf] hLljsf rNg] ub{5 . tkfO{+ ;'vL, ;Dd[4 /
/fhsLo ;Ddfgaf6 lje"lift x'g'x'g]5 . ;;'/fnL kIfl;t /fd|f] ;DaGw sfod x'G5, t/ a'w u|x / elb|sf
of]lugLsf] ;+o'Qm bzfjlw Pj+ a'w / ;ª\s6fsf] ;+o'Qm ;dodf tkfO{+n] dfly atfOPsf] kmnsf] pN6f]
kl/0ffd k|fKt ug'{x'g]5 . pQm ;dodf JolQm S¿/, ljBfljxLg, :jfyL{ / lgw{g x'G5 . tkfO{+ ;Gtfgsf
sf/0f ;GtKt x'g'x'G5 / 5fnfsf lsl;dlsl;dsf /f]un] tkfO{+nfO{ b'Mv lbO/xG5 . tkfO{+n] k+5L
kfNbf / gGbcfdfh" jf ;fnLh]7L;f;'nfO{ kfngkf]if0f ubf{ dfgl;s Pj+ cfly{s tgfj em]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 .
lktfsf] ;'vdf sdL x'gfsf ;fy} tkfO{+n] k}t[s ;DklQsf] pkef]u ;d]t ug{ kfpg'x'Gg . tkfO{+ !&
jif{ k'u]kl5 #$ jif{ gk'u'~h]nsf] ;dodf lktf;Fusf] ;DaGw lg/fzfhgs /xg]5 .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] a'w u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] k'¿iffy{ k|bz{g u/L Joj;fo
ug'{ ePdf pRrtd :yfg k|fKt ug'{k5{ . tkfO{+sf efOalxgL / ldqx¿ ;b}j ;xof]uL x'g]5g\ / tkfO{+
zf/Ll/s ¿kn] s'g} g s'g} /f]u jf ljsf/n] u|:t /xg' x'G5 . tkfO{+n] oz, dfg, a'l4, ljj]s, wg Pj+ ;kmntfsf]
k|flKt ;b}j ul//xg' x'G5 . tkfO{+ :jfledfgL, k|ltli7t / ;'vL JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] vrf{n' afgL
5 . tkfO{+sf] z/L/sf] s'g} efudf c;fdfGo b'a{ntf x'G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ ;'Gb/ hLjg;fyL k|flKt x'G5 /
tkfO{+n] hLjg;FuLsf] JolQmTjsf ;fd' :jo+nfO{ lkmsf ePsf] cg'ej ug{'x'G5, oBlk ljk/Lt lnª\uL jf
hLjg;fyLkIfaf6 ;xfotf k|fKt x'G5 . tkfO{+n] 3/fo;L ;'v k|fKt ug{ / u[x:y ;+rfngsf qmddf >d,
wg / ;do vr{ ug{'k5{ .
a[x:kltsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf a[x:klt u|xn] cfo' :yfg / nfe :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . lrgfdf kfFrf}+efjdf a[x:klt
u|xsf] pkl:ylt b]lvG5 . o:tf] u|xof]u ePsf dflg;x¿ ;'Gb/ ¿k ePsf, a'l4dfg\, bofn', 7"nf cfFvf ePsf, k|
tfkL, z'4lrQ / ljgd| x'g] ub{5g\ . logLx¿ :ki6efifL, wf/fk|jfx jfrgzlQm ePsf, a|x\d1fgL, dfg;Ddfg /
k|lti7f k|fKt ug]{, s'zn tfls{s / bIf n]vs x'g] ub{5g\, t/ logLx¿ pu| :jefjsf x'G5g\ . 1fg, pkb]z, ;Nnfx,
k|lzIf0f cflb sfo{åf/f tkfO{+sf] hLjgj[lQ lgjf{x ePklg cfly{s x}l;ot eg] ;fdfGo :t/sf] x'g] ub{5 .
tkfO{+n] af}l4stf, k|fl1s Pj+ 1fgu'gsf If]qdf ;kmntf cfh{g ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+n] ;bfrf/ / Odfgbf/Lsf
af6f]af6 sdfPsf] wg l6Sb5 . tkfO{+ Pp6f c;n / k|ltli7t clwjQmf / GofofwLz x'g] Ifdtf k|fKt
ug{ ;kmn x'g'x'G5 . k'qsf dfWodaf6 tkfO{+sf] ;'vk|flKt x'G5 . ;Gtfgf]TklQkl5 tkfO{+sf]
efUoandf a9f]Q/L x'G5 . tkfO{+n] hk, tk, Wofg, of]ufEof; cflb sfo{df ?lr /fVg'x'G5, t/
s'08nLdf /fx' jf s]t'sf ;fydf a[x:klt a;]sf] 5 eg] jf hLjgsfndf /fx' jf s]t'sf] dxfbzf rln/x]sf] ;do,
a[x:klt / wfGofsf] ;+o'Qm bzfsfn tyf a[x:klt / ;ª\s6fsf] ;+o'Qm ;dodf JolQmn] dflysf] kmnsf]
pN6f] k|efj k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] of]u ePsf hftsn] z}lIfs bIftf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . z}lIfs
pknlAw gu0o x'G5 . tkfO{+ ljnf;L / cN5L :jefjsf] dflg; x'g'x'G5 . olb tkfO{+sf]
s'08nLdf ;Gtfgsf/s u|x cz'e 5 eg] 5f]/f5f]/L gx'g klg ;S5g\ / ePsf ;Gtfg klg /f]uL, d/GRof;] /
lvgf}6] x'g hfG5g\ . ;Gtlt ;'vsf] cefj x'G5 . k|To]s sfo{df lj£g pkl:yt x'G5 . haha wgnfesf] cj;/
cfpF5, tata tkfO{+n] lj/f]wsf] ;fdgf ug{'k5{ . t/ tkfO{+sf] lrgfdf a[x:kltu|xn] ;lGwdf ljr/0f
ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;lGwdf /x]sf] u|xn] k"0f{ ?kn] kmn k|bfg ug]{ ;fdYo{ k|fKt u/]sf] x'Fb}g .
To;}n] o; u|xsf /fd|f jf g/fd|f kmn sd} dfqfdf hLjgdf nfu" x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] a[x:klt u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+n] dft[s'naf6 nfe k|fKt ug'{x'g]5 .
hUufhldg, jfxgflb / 3/fo;L ;'v;'ljwfsf] /fd|f] of]u 5, t/ /fHokIfdf s'g} ;d:of b]lvg ;S5 . lkQ[kIf /
k}lqs ;DklQsf] of]u /fd|} 5 . wg;~rosf] of]u /fd|} 5 . tkfO{+sf] zq'kIfdfly ;sf/fTds ;DaGw /xg] u5{
. Joj;fosf] If]qdf ckoz tyf sl7gfO ef]Ug'kg]{ x'g;S5 . g/gftf / s/s'6'Dadfkm{t s]xL nfe x'g]5 .
efUof]Ggltdf cj/f]w cfpg] 5, t/ d'2fdfldnf / emu8fsf of]uaf6 tkfO{+sf] efUof]Gglt x'g]5 .
z'qmsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf z'qm u|xn] nUg efj / zq' :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{sf] hGds'08nLsf] låtLo
efjdf z'qm u|xn] ljr/0f ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ctM tkfO{+ afGsL ldnfP/ snfTds s'/f ug{ l;kfn' x'g'x'G5 .
cfFvfsf] ;Í]t / xfpefp ug{ klg tkfO{+ bIf x'g'x'G5 . To:t} tkfO{+sf] d'vd08nsf] ¿kljGof;df ?lr x'G5
. ;fdfGotof ;kmf;'U3/ eP/ a:g' / pQd ef]hgsf] clenfiff ug{' tkfO{+sf] ljz]iftf x'g]5 . dL7f] vfGsL /
k]o kbfy{k|lt tkfO{+sf] cfsif{0f x'g] ub{5 . tkfO{+leq ePsf] jfSsnf / jfSk6'tfsf sf/0f tkfO{+ cfˆgf]
kl/j]z / ;dfhdf kl/ro / klxrfg k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] wd{, ;+:sf/ / k/Dk/fn] o'Qm tLj| /
s'zfu| a'l4 x'G5 . ;f+;fl/s ljifoj:t'sf] ;Dk"0f{ 1fg / hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g] ePsfn] tkfO{+ ljåfg\ sxlng'
x'g]5 . zf:qLo / ;}4flGts ljifo Pj+ 1fgk|lt tkfO{+sf] ulx/f] ?lr x'G5, kl/0ffdtM tkfO{+n] ljljw
ljifosf] 1fg xfl;n ug]{ ;fdYo{ k|fKt ug'{x'g]5 . vfgkfg, ¿kljGof;, ;/;kmfO cflbsf sf/0f tkfO{+
pd]/eGbf slnnf] b]lvg' x'g]5 . tkfO{+ wgL, ljåfg\, 7"nf7"nf cfFvf / ;'Gb/ d'vfs[lt ePsf], dw'/efifL,
aGw'afGwjsf dfemdf k|lti7f / ;Ddfg k|fKt ug]{, oz:jL / /fhk"lht JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 . o:tf
JolQmx¿ k|foM :jfledfgL / ;fx;L :jefjsf x'g] ub{5g\, clg c?sf cufl8 s'g} ofrgf ug{'
tkfO{+nfO{ d/]t'No nfUb5 . tkfO{+ ;f}Gbo{sf] pkf;s xf], zf/Ll/s ;f}Gbo{ / cfefn] o'Qm
ljk/LtlnËLk|lt em'sfj /fVg' tkfO{+sf] sdhf]/L x'G5 . ljz]iftM o:tf tkfO{+sf]
ljk/LtlnËLnfO{ nf]Eofpg ;dy{ dgdf]xs jfl0f x'G5 . tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] af}l4s ;fdfYo{sf andf jf
ljk/LtlnËLsf] ;xof]uåf/f wgfh{g ug{' x'g]5 . Jofkf/ / jfl0fHosd{sf dfWodaf6 klg tkfO{+n] wgfh{g
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tkfO{+sf ;fydf wg;DklQ / ?k}+of÷k};fsf] cefj x'Fb}g . ;fdfGotof tkfO{+n]
s'nk/Dk/fsf] lgjf{x ug'{x'g]5 . aGw'afGwj / ldqzlQmaf6 kmfObf a6'Ng'x'G5 . tkfO{+n]
b]z÷k/b]zdf ;Ddfg cfh{g ug'{x'g]5 . zq'kIfdfly tkfO{+sf] bafj x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] efUof]bo k|fozM
ljjfxkl5 ePsf] b]lvG5 / s'zntfk"j{s tkfO{+sf] u[x:y hLjg JotLt ePsf] kfOG5, t/ z'qm / l;4f
of]lugLsf] ;+o'Qm bzfjlwdf jf s'08nLdf z'qm;Fu /fx' jf s]t'sf] o'lt 5 eg] jf z'qmsf ;fydf e|fd/L, pNsf
/ ;ª\s6fsf] bzfsfn 5 eg] dflysf kmn sfof{Gjog gx'g] / pN6f] kl/0ffd k|fKt x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
pQm ;dodf tkfO{+ sfd's, ljnf;L / hF8\ofxf aGg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . tkfO{+sf cfFvfdf ljsf/ cfpF5g\ . wg
/ j}ejsf] k6sk6s gfz x'G5 . ;fdfGotof klt÷kTgL jf 3/sf :qL gft]bf/sf] pkrf/ k|lqmofdf wg vr{
eO/xG5 . rl/q sdhf]/ ePdf tkfO{+n] cg]sf}+ b'Mv / si6 Joxf]g{'sf ;fy} tkfO{+sf ;Gtltsf] ;d]t gfz
x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] z'qm u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] hLjgsfndf Pp6f h'emf?
JolQmTjsf ?kdf k|l;l4 sdfpg' x'g]5 . To:t} wgwfGo / P]Zjo{ cflbn] ;Dd[4 eO{ tkfO{+n]
k/f]ksf/ / ;fj{hlgs If]qdf bfgL / TofuL JolQmTjsf ?kdf b]lvg' x'g]5 . tkfO{+df ;fdfGo pd]/eGbf
klxn] g} sfd'stfsf nIf0fx? b]lvg] 5g\ . cfkm\gf] cfr/0fnfO{ lgoGq0f gu/]df ;fdflhs cjufnsf] l:ylt ;d]t
l;h{gf x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5, ctM ;r]t /xg' cfjZos 5 . af}l4s If]qaf6 ;kmntf k|fKt x'g]5 . :jb]z /
ljb]zsf ;a} 7fpFx¿df tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] c;n k|efj sfod ug'{x'g]5 . tkfO{+df k|zf;lgs 1fg 5 / Goflos
Ifdtf klg ljBdfg 5 . tkfO{+sf] pGglt af}l4s lqmofsnfk / rnfvLkgaf6 x'g]5 .
zlgsf] k|efj
tkfO{+sf] s'08nLdf zlg u|xn] efUo :yfg / sd{ :yfgsf] :jfldTj u/]sf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] hGds'08nLsf b;f}
+ efjdf zlgZr/ u|x a;]sf] 5 . ctM tkfO{+ k/fqmdL, ;'vL, gLlt1, g/d :jefjsf], rnfv, wgf9\o, :jfledfgL,
dxQ\jfsfª\IfL / b"/bzL{ x'g'x'G5 . :jo+ g]tf geP klg tkfO{+n] ;/sf/L ;]jf;'ljwf, kb / k|lti7f kfpg'
x'g]5 . ;dfhf]kof]uL sfd / wd{, k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltsf] df]x x'G5 . tkfO{+n] c?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{'sf ;fy}
cfˆgf] gfd, bfd / k|lti7fnfO{ ;d]t a9fpg' x'g]5 . hLjgdf dGb ultdf l:y/ 9+un] pGglt k|ult x'Fb}
hfG5 . cs"t ;DklQsf] :jfdL x'g] cj;/ ldNb5 . GofofwLz jf ;dfhsf] Gofo lbnfpg] ;zQm :jefj ljsl;t
x'G5 . tkfO{+ v]tLkftL / a/au}+rfsf] ;f}lvg aGg'x'g]5 . tkfO{+n] b]zk/b]zsf] e|d0faf6 nfe cfh{g
ug]{ cg's"ntf k|fKt ug'{x'g]5, t/ tkfO{+n] zlgZr/ u|xsf ;fydf pNsf jf ;ª\s6f of]lugLsf] bzfv08 ef]Ug'
kof]{ eg] jf rGb|df / pNsf, dËn / pNsf, /fx' / pNsf tyf s]t' / pNsfsf] ;+o'Qm bzfsfn ef]Ug' kof]{ eg]
dfly atfOPsf kmnsf] pN6f] kl/0ffd k|fKt x'G5 . To:tf] bzfjlwdf afNofj:yfdf g} dft[ljof]u ;x]/
b'Mv / kL8fsf ;fy JolQmTj ljsf; ug{'kg]{, k}t[s ;DklQ / crn ;DklQsf] k|flKt / pkof]u gx'g], a'9\
of}nLdf PsfGt / j}/fUosf efjgfsf] pbo x'g], clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u ug]{, ldq / aGw'afGwjaf6 ;xof]u lng
g;Sg], ;Gtlt;'vdf cefj x'g] cflb s]xL b'ikl/0ffd o:tf] zlgn] k|bfg ub{5 . oBlk sfnrqmsf] b;f}+ efjdf
zlg u|xs} clwsf/ x'g] x'Fbf o; efjdf a;]sf] zlg sdhf]/ g} eP klg o;n] TolQ cz'e kl/0ffd k|bfg ub}{g .
/flzs'08nLdf /x]sf] zlg u|xsf] pkl:ylt u0fgf ubf{ tkfO{+sf] vrf{n' afgL 5 / cfDbfgLsf t'ngfdf a9L
vr{ x'G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ bfh'efOsf] k"0f{ ;xof]u k|fKt x'G5 . tkfO{+ cN5L x'g'x'G5, ;fy} dfgl;s
s'07f / tgfjaf6 u|:t /xg] ug'{x'G5 . tkfO{+n] lktf tyf /fHosf tkm{af6 ;'v / ;Ddfg k|fKt ug{'x'G5 . ;'?
df ljBf / ;Gtfgsf If]qdf sdhf]/L b]lvP klg cGttM b'a} If]qdf ;kmntf k|fKt x'G5 . tkfO{+sf]
efUoan ;fdfGo 5 . klZrd lbzfdf uP/ k];f jf Joj;fodf ;+nUg x'Fbf tkfO{+sf] efUo rlDsG5 . tkfO{+n]
wfld{s / cfWoflTds If]qdf ljZjf; ug{'x'Gg .