V1

Visual Vocabulary Builder Contents

V2 City and countryside

Contents
V4 Mountains and coast
V6 The environment
V8 Trees, plants and flowers
V10 The animal kingdom
V12 Architecture
V13 Buildings
V14 Homes
V15 House
V16 Garden / Yard
V17 DIY and cleaning
V18 Living room
V19 Dining room
V20 Bedroom
V21 Bathroom
V22 Kitchen
V24 Cooking
V26 Fruit and vegetables
V28 Herbs, spices, nuts and cereals
V29 Packaging
V30 Musical instruments
V32 Toys and games
V34 Hobbies
V36 Sports
V40 Extreme sports
V41 Cycles
V42 Cars
V43 Aircraft
V44 Boats and ships
V46 Vehicles
V48 The body
V49 Hair and make-up
V50 Clothes
V52 Accessories
V54 Computing
V56 Office
V57 Classroom
V58 Shapes, solids and angles
V59 The earth and the solar system
V60 The British Isles
V62 Canada and the United States of America
V64 Australia and New Zealand
 V2

City and countryside

City and countryside

5 6
7
10
9
11

13 14 16 18
17 19 20
24 25
15 27 28
23 26

32
31 33

36
37

1 2

4
5
3 6
7
10
11
9
13 14
12 16
15 18
17
23
21
20 22

27 28
29
34
33

35 36
 V3

City

City and countryside

1 skyscraper 24 shop (BrE)
2 crane store (NAmE)
3 3 office block (BrE) / office 25 cafe (also café)
building (NAmE) 26 postbox / letter box
4 dome (both BrE)
5 museum mailbox (NAmE)
6 clock tower 27 busker
7 hoarding (BrE) 28 traffic lights
(also billboard (NAmE also stoplights)
8
especially NAmE) 29 bollard
12 8 cinema (BrE) / movie 30 litter bin (BrE)
theater (NAmE) trash can (NAmE)
9 banner 31 pedestrian precinct
10 flag (BrE) / pedestrian mall
21 (NAmE)
11 flagpole (also flagstaff)
22 32 taxi rank (BrE)
12 alley (also alleyway)
(also taxi stand
29 13 awning especially NAmE)
30
14 fountain 33 railings
34 15 statue 34 pavement (BrE)
35 16 shopping centre (BrE) sidewalk (NAmE)
shopping center 35 kerb (BrE)
(NAmE) curb (NAmE)
38 40 17 arcade 36 parking meter
39 18 street light (also meter)
(BrE also street lamp) 37 pedestrian
19 lamp post (especially crossing (BrE)
BrE) crosswalk (NAmE)
20 market 38 cycle lane (BrE)
21 market stall bicycle lane (NAmE)
22 road sign 39 bus stop
23 theatre (BrE) / theater 40 high street (BrE)
(especially US) main street (NAmE)
8
Countryside
1 windmill 21 farmhouse
2 hill 22 stable
3 hay 23 hedge
4 haystack 24 signpost
19 5 vineyard 25 village green (BrE)
6 copse (also coppice) 26 village
24 7 stream 27 duck pond
25 8 wood (also woods) 28 farm
26 9 furrow 29 meadow
10 polytunnel 30 marsh
32 11 pasture 31 reeds
12 crops 32 fence
31
30 13 tractor 33 barn
14 field 34 hedgerow
15 farmyard 35 ditch
16 orchard 36 livestock
17 footpath 37 lane
18 footbridge 38 bridge
38 19 stile 39 river
37 39 40
20 silo 40 riverbank
 V4

Mountains and coast

Mountains and coast

1
2 5
3 4
6
12
11 13

16

14 15
17 18

19 21

20
23

24

26 27
25

1
3
2 4

10
11 12
15
13 14

18

23 24

25

28 29
 V5

Mountains

Mountains and coast

7 1 summit 17 conifers
2 ridge 18 glade (also clearing)
3 glacier 19 tributary
4 snow 20 river
8 9 5 mountain range 21 meander
6 plateau 22 pass
10
7 peak 23 slope
8 mountain 24 scree
9 precipice 25 track
10 foothills 26 boulder
11 snowline 27 valley
12 ice 28 gorge (also canyon)
13 source
14 waterfall
15 forest
22
16 lake

28

Coast
1 coastal path 16 reef
6
2 cave 17 cliff
7 3 headland (also 18 sandbank
8 promontory) 19 wake
9
4 horizon 20 rock
5 sea (BrE) 21 rock pool (BrE)
16 ocean (NAmE) tide pool (NAmE)
17 6 lighthouse 22 quay
7 island 23 beach
20 21 8 cove 24 bay
19 9 clifftop 25 shingle
10 dune (also sand dune) 26 harbour (BrE)
11 estuary harbor (NAmE)
12 wave 27 jetty (NAmE also dock)
22 13 spit 28 sand
14 crest 29 seashore
15 foam

26
27
 V6
The environment
The environment
5 8
1
Causes of the greenhouse effect
• Carbon dioxide is produced by vehicle
exhaust fumes (1) and by burning fossil
fuels (2) from power plants (BrE also power
stations), factories and homes. This causes
temperatures to rise. Trees, which absorb
carbon dioxide, are felled by logging, causing
deforestation (3).
• Nitrogen oxide comes from vehicles
and power plants, and from agricultural
fertilizers and pesticides used in intensive
farming (4).
• Many household products, such as
refrigerators and aerosols, emit CFCs
(chlorofluorocarbons) which damage the
ozone layer.
• Methane gas is released from household and
industrial waste in landfill sites (5), and also
from cattle (6).
• Sunlight causes these greenhouse gases to
undergo chemical change and react with
water vapour (BrE) (NAmE vapor), creating
acid rain.
7
9
4
6
Acid rain
• Acid rain (7) falls on leaves and bark,
damaging trees and plants in forests.
Nutrients are leached out of the soil, and
plants die.
• Acid levels build up in lakes and rivers (8),
poisoning and killing fish.
• Acid corrosion attacks buildings, eating
away at metal, stone and wood.
• Pollution from smog (9) causes respiratory
diseases such as asthma and bronchitis.
Global warming
• Global warming can cause climate change
and environmental disaster. Long-term
changes in temperature, wind, pressure,
precipitation (rain and snow) and humidity
present challenges to our survival.
• Environmental degradation, such as
desertification and desiccation, creates
problems in many parts of the world.
• Rising temperatures cause ice caps to melt.
Rising sea levels lead to coastal and river
flooding and erosion.
• Extreme events occur, such as storms,
drought, forest fires, soil erosion,
landslides, avalanches, tsunamis and the
sudden appearance of pests and diseases.
 V7

The environment
1
10

11

9
4 5

3
8

Solutions and sustainability

• Wind turbines (1), solar power and
hydroelectric power (2) provide alternative
sources of energy that are renewable and do
not pollute the air.
• In the home, solar panels (3),
insulation, energy-efficient light
bulbs and biodegradable products are
environmentally friendly. Rubbish can be
sorted for recycling in bins (4) and bottle
banks (5), and biodegradable waste becomes Some Recyclable Materials
compost (6).
• Using a bicycle (7), an electric car (8) or • batteries • paper
public transport (9) helps to reduce carbon • cans • plastic bottles
emissions. Avoiding long-distance travel and • cardboard • scrap metal
buying local, seasonal food with low food • engine oil • textiles
miles reduces your carbon footprint.
• fluorescent tubes • timber
• Reforestation (10) and organic farming (11)
help to restore the earth’s balance. Trees • glass
give off oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide • organic garden
and provide habitats for wildlife. Organic waste
farming is chemical-free.
 V8
Trees, plants and flowers
Trees Evergreen trees
Trees, plants and flowers

berry

foliage

blossom

bud

twig
leaf
branch limb trunk palm yew
twig
needles cone (BrE
also fir cone)
roots
rings

tree
wood
bark

log fir

Deciduous trees

seeds
sycamore acorn oak catkin willow
(especially BrE)

blossom

conker beech nut

(especially
BrE) seeds
horse chestnut beech ash
 V9
flower

bud

Trees, plants and flowers

stalk anther
stigma
style
thorn
carpel

stem
shoot stamen

bulb roots petal

ovule
ovary

sepal
roots

plant flower

variegated
leaves
bamboo bulrush reed fern ivy
dandelion clock

moss lichen cactus nettle thistle dandelion

seed head

bluebell daisy buttercup primrose poppy

tendril

thorn
carnation chrysanthemum sweet pea sunflower rose
trumpet

daffodil tulip iris lily orchid lotus

 V10

The animal kingdom

The animal kingdom

Birds beak / bill poultry and game

wing

tail

toe
claw
webbed foot talons finch pheasant duck

crest

feather nest egg turkey chicken

birds of prey seabirds

carrion

golden eagle vulture barn owl gull albatross puffin

Mammals primates
coat mane muzzle

tail prehensile
tail

snout

lion chimpanzee (also

antlers spider monkey
informal chimp)
paw
whisker rodents
claw

horn hooves
red squirrel beaver

cetacean blowhole marsupials

eucalyptus tree

tusk trunk sperm whale joey

pouch
Fish dorsal fin
koala kangaroo
tail (also koala bear) (also informal
roo)
bat scales
fin gill
ventral fin trout
 Amphibians Reptiles shell V11
warty skin
j

tadpole hood
fangs
frogspawn tortoise (BrE) / turtle (NAmE)

The animal kingdom

forked
toad tongue

j
flipper
turtle
salamander frog cobra (NAmE also sea turtle)

Insects

eggs moth flea

head
j

butterfly thorax
j

caterpillar

chrysalis (also abdomen

chrysalid) ladybird (BrE)
mosquito dragonfly ladybug (NAmE) ant
antenna wing
j

mandible sting (NAmE

also stinger) larva
bumblebee wasp beetle grasshopper

Crustaceans Arachnids
shell antenna sting (NAmE
also stinger)

web

claw / pincer prawn (especially BrE) tick scorpion

crab shrimp (NAmE)

woodlouse spider
Taxonomy
Living things are grouped on the basis of Gastropods Cephalopod
their similarities and differences into smaller
and smaller groups. This scientific process of shell
classification is called taxonomy. The main
groups, from the largest to the smallest, are:
snail
• kingdom (animal or plant)
• phylum (plural phyla) (e.g. mollusc, arthropod)
• class (e.g. mammal, gastropod, insect) tentacle
sucker
slug
• order (e.g. primate, marsupial) octopus
• family
• genus (plural genera)
• species
 V12

Architecture
Architecture

geodesic dome gargoyle obelisk pedestal

keystone
dome
cupola

dome

dome rotunda arch vaulted ceiling

relief
capital

colonnade cloister plinth column portico

Bridges

suspension bridge cantilever bridge

humpback bridge (BrE) viaduct aqueduct

 V13

Buildings
amphitheatre fort

Buildings
battlements
turret
portico

palace castle moat stately home

glasshouse pyramid log cabin

pub (BrE) warehouse lighthouse oil rig

oil platform

Work connected with building

person work – all [U]
building houses and builder building
other buildings:
hut
designing buildings: architect architecture
designing roads and civil engineer civil
bridges, etc.: engineering
building walls, etc. bricklayer bricklaying
with bricks:
repairing or building roofs: roofer roofing

barn making doors and window joiner joinery

frames from wood:
skyscraper
making and repairing carpenter carpentry
wooden objects
and structures:
fitting glass into the frames glazier glazing
of windows, etc.:
putting plaster on walls: plasterer plastering
fitting and repairing water plumber plumbing
pipes, toilets, etc.:
connecting, repairing, etc. electrician wiring
electrical equipment:
pagoda
 V14

Homes
Homes

semi-detached house (BrE) duplex (especially NAmE)

town house (BrE) row house (NAmE) terraced house (BrE)

fire escape

bungalow (BrE)
thatch

block of flats (BrE) apartment building (NAmE)

Other types of home

• Duplex (especially NAmE) has two meanings: it is a building
divided into two separate homes, each with its own entrance,
thatched cottage
or it is a flat/apartment with rooms on two floors, with a
shared entrance from the street.
• An apartment building or group of houses in which each flat/
apartment/house is owned by the person living in it but the
building and shared areas are owned by everyone together is
a condominium (especially NAmE) (also informal condo).
• A flat/apartment with rooms on two floors, and usually its
own entrance from the street, is a maisonette (BrE).
• A house built on one level, that is very wide but not very deep mobile home (especially NAmE)
from front to back, and has a roof that is not very steep, is a
ranch house (NAmE) – compare bungalow.
• A very large house is a mansion.
• An expensive and comfortable flat/apartment at the top of a
tall building is a penthouse.
• A set of rooms for an old person, especially in a relative’s
house, is called a granny flat (BrE) / in-law apartment /
mother-in-law apartment (both NAmE). houseboat
 V15

House 15 sash window

16 casement window
25 bay window
26 letter box (BrE)
17 balcony mail slot (NAmE)
1 chimney pot 8 dormer window 18 window box 27 front door

House
2 chimney 9 eaves 19 windowsill 28 wall
3 aerial (BrE) 10 burglar alarm 20 porch 29 garage
antenna (NAmE, BrE) 11 gutter 21 tile 30 brick
4 ridge 12 drainpipe (NAmE also 22 hanging basket 31 doorstep
5 gable downspout) 23 door knocker 32 basement
6 roof 13 shutter 24 French window (BrE) 33 step
7 skylight 14 windowpane French door (NAmE) 34 drive (also driveway)

3
2
4
5 6
7 8
10
9 11
12
13
14 16
17 15
19
18
20 21

22 23

25 26
28 30
24 27 29

31 34
32
33

Where you live Buying or renting a house

• The area surrounding a house is the
neighbourhood (BrE) / neighborhood
(NAmE).
• A person who lives next or near to you is your
neighbour (BrE) / neighbor (NAmE).
The next house, room or building is next door:
our next-door neighbours
• An area where people live that is outside the
main part of a city or town is called a suburb,
or the suburbs. The adjective is suburban:
suburban houses/streets
• An area where a large number of houses are
planned and built as a group is called an estate
or a development:
a new housing estate/development
• If you go and live in another house, you move,
or move house. You move in/move into a
new house, then move out/move out of it
when you stop living there.
• A house that is available to buy is for sale or
on the market:
This property has been on the market for
about six weeks.
• A person whose job is to buy and sell houses
and land for other people is an estate agent
(BrE) / real estate agent (NAmE).
• When you borrow money from a bank or
building society in order to buy a house, you
take out a mortgage.
• If you pay money for the use of a room,
house, etc., you rent it (from sb). The money
that you pay, probably each month, is rent.
The person who rents a room, house, etc.
is a tenant and the person who owns the
property is a landlord (or landlady if it is a
woman):
The landlord has put the rent up again.
 V16
Garden (BrE) / Yard (NAmE)
24 border
25 lawn
26 cane
1 greenhouse 6 conservatory (BrE) 12 deckchair 17 stake 27 water feature
2 shed 7 pergola 13 barbecue 18 deck 28 pond
Garden / Yard

3 hedge 8 climber (also BBQ) 19 flowerpot 29 cold frame (also

4 bird table (BrE) 9 gate 14 water butt (BrE) 20 patio frame)
bird feeder 10 fence rain barrel 21 planter 30 seedling
(NAmE) (NAmE) 31 cloche
11 sunlounger (BrE) 22 flower bed
5 parasol / (also lounger, 15 bench 32 vegetable patch /
23 compost bin
sunshade BrE, NAmE) 16 trellis vegetable plot

1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10
4 9
16
15
14
12
17
11
18 22
6 13 19 20 21

23
24 26
25 27

28

29
31 32
30

rakes fork hoe spade shovel trowel hand fork

lawnmower wheelbarrow hose watering can StrimmerTM (BrE) sprinkler

(also mower) (also barrow) (also hosepipe)
 V17

DIY and cleaning

Tools handsaw blade
bit

DIY and cleaning

claw
chuck

hammer
coping saw
drill
plane

mallet screwdriver
hacksaw
head
bradawl

bolt
file
thread

chisel
nut
nail screw washer
spanner (BrE) vice (BrE) / vise (NAmE)
wrench (especially NAmE)

spirit level
blade adjustable spanner (BrE)
monkey wrench (especially NAmE)

wire cutters

scissors
penknife pliers toolbox

Cleaning Decorating

rung

bucket
(NAmE also pail) feather
duster

dustpan duster
and brush step

iron
broom mop squeegee mop
ladder stepladder

squeegee

rubber gloves vacuum cleaner ironing board roller paintbrushes

(BrE also HooverTM)
 V18

Living room
12 plant pot
13 armchair
22 coffee table
23 remote control
14 rug 24 radiator
1 hi-fi system 5 coal scuttle 15 bookcase 25 magazine rack
Living room

2 speakers 6 fire surround 16 ornament (especially 26 recliner

3 waste-paper basket 7 fireplace BrE) 27 scatter cushion (BrE)
(BrE) / wastebasket 8 grate 17 bookend throw pillow (NAmE)
(NAmE) 9 hearth 18 flat-screen TV 28 throw
4 mantelpiece (also 10 poker 19 vase 29 sofa / couch
mantel especially 20 coaster 30 occasional table
11 house plant (BrE also
NAmE)
pot plant) 21 footstool 31 floorboards

15
16 18
4 17
11
12
6 24 26

7 13
1 5 21 27
8 10
19 23
14 20 28
2 22
9
29
30
3
25
31

roller finial

slat curtain pole (BrE)

curtain rod (NAmE)

roller

roller blind (BrE) venetian blind curtains shutters

shade (NAmE)

lampshade

bulb

spotlight table lamp desk lamp floor lamp lava lamp

(BrE also
back
arm standard lamp)

cushion

two-seater sofa (BrE) director’s chair rocking chair (also chaise longue
love seat (NAmE) rocker especially NAmE)
 V19

Dining room
1 fruit bowl 8 bowl 14 salt cellar (BrE) 21 candle
2 cheeseboard 9 plate salt shaker (NAmE) 22 wick

Dining room
3 cheese knife 10 place mat 15 butter knife 23 carafe
4 sideboard (BrE also table mat) 16 butter dish 24 dining chair
5 drawer 11 side plate 17 serving dish 25 high chair
6 cutlery (especially BrE) 12 glass 18 lid 26 dining table
flatware (NAmE) 13 pepper pot 19 gravy boat 27 tablecloth
7 napkin (especially BrE) 20 candlestick
pepper shaker (NAmE)

22 24
23
21 19
7
1 8 20 18 25
9 17 16
10
2 3 12 13 14 26
6 15
11
4 5 27

saucer cup
handle
cup holder

cup and saucer plastic cup egg cup baby’s mug / mug
baby’s beaker
prong / tine
blade

salad servers fork knife dessertspoon (BrE)

tablespoon

teaspoon soup spoon chopsticks steak knife

fish fork fish knife

stem

beer mug tumbler wine glass champagne flute

 V20

Bedroom 3
4
headboard
pillow
10 built-in/fitted
wardrobe (BrE) / closet
15 full-length mirror
16 mirror
5 pillowcase (especially NAmE) 17 dressing table (NAmE
1 bedside table 6 bottom sheet 11 rail also vanity, vanity table)
Bedroom

(especially BrE) 7 double bed 12 hanger 18 stool

(NAmE usually 8 duvet 13 chest of drawers 19 fitted carpet (BrE)
nightstand, (NAmE also bureau, wall-to-wall carpet
9 en suite (BrE, from
night table) dresser) (NAmE)
French)
2 clock radio 14 drawer 20 rug

11
9
12
10 15
13
14
3
16
4 5
6 8
1 17
2 7 18

20 19

cradle
hammock cot (BrE) / crib (NAmE) travel cot
canopy
mattress
mattress
ing top sheet
bedpost dd
be blanket
patchwork
quilt
valance
base
base
single bed (NAmE
divan (BrE) four-poster bed futon bedspread
(BrE also bedcover)
also twin bed)
(NAmE also spread)
sleeping bag

pump

bunk beds sofa bed

camp bed (BrE) air bed (BrE) / air
cot (NAmE) mattress (especially NAmE)
 V21

Bathroom 14 towel rail (BrE)

towel rack (NAmE)
15 hand towel
1 bathroom cabinet 8 vanity unit (BrE) 16 bath towel
22 tap (especially BrE)
faucet (NAmE)
23 bathrobe (also robe)
24 bidet

Bathroom
2 toothbrush holder 9 shower cubicle 17 bathroom scales 25 toilet
3 beaker 10 shower head 18 bath (BrE) / bathtub 26 cistern (BrE)
(especially NAmE) 27 toilet paper
4 mixer tap 11 soap dish
19 bath mat 28 toilet brush
5 washbasin 12 shower tray
20 tiling
6 soap dispenser 13 plughole (BrE)
drain (US) 21 bath panel
7 flannel (BrE)
washcloth (NAmE)

9
10
1 11 14
15
20 22 23
16
18
4
5 21
2 13 17 26
3 7 12 24
27
6
19
8 25
28

nail file emery board nail clippers nail scissors nail brush

toothbrush

AmE
ed) toothpaste electric toothbrush hairbrush comb tweezers

blade
blade
razor

shaver (also electric razor) sponge bag (BrE) loofah sponge

toiletry bag (NAmE)
 V22

Kitchen 7 gas ring (especially

BrE) / burner (NAmE)
14 breakfast bar
15 stool
22 dishcloth (NAmE
usually dishrag)
8 hob (BrE) / stovetop 16 toaster 23 sink
1 microwave (NAmE) 17 door 24 tap (especially BrE)
Kitchen

2 worktop (BrE) 9 drawer 18 shelf faucet (NAmE)

counter (NAmE) 10 oven glove (also oven 25 dishwasher
19 kitchen roll holder
3 knife block mitt) 26 tea towel (BrE)
20 kitchen paper (BrE)
4 kitchen units 11 grill (BrE) dishtowel (NAmE)
paper towel (NAmE)
5 cooker hood 12 oven
21 draining board (BrE)
6 splashback 13 fridge (BrE)
drainboard (NAmE)
refrigerator (NAmE)

18

17

1 5 11
16
10 13 19
6
12
7 20
14
21 23
3 8 24
2 15 22
9

4
25

26

Appliances

blender (BrE hand-held blender food processor electric whisk

also liquidizer)

Coffee and tea

plunger spout

pot

filter

electric kettle espresso maker cafetière (BrE) coffee maker teapot

French press (NAmE) (also coffee machine)
 V23
Kitchen utensils
Cutting Measuring

Kitchen utensils
bread knife serrated blade
measuring spoons measuring cups

point
handle edge
carving knife

steel
measuring jug timer
cleaver

peeler
Opening

chopping board (BrE)

palette knife cutting board (NAmE)

paring knife
kitchen scissors corkscrew

Crushing, grating, squeezing bottle opener tin opener (BrE)

can opener (NAmE)

lemon-squeezer (BrE) nutcracker

juicer (NAmE)
pestle mortar

potato grater zester

masher garlic press
(also garlic crusher)
pestle and mortar pepper mill
Other utensils

sieve (BrE) tongs

colander sifter (NAmE)
ramekin
ice-cream scoop

cake slice

ladle wooden whisk basting spatula fish slice (BrE) rolling pin
spoon brush spatula (NAmE)
 V24
Cook
Cooking • When talking generally about preparing
meals, use the verb to cook:
When you’re cooking for your family, make
an extra serving.
Cooking

You can cook food or a meal:

Lucas is cooking dinner.
Cook the onion gently until soft.
… or the food or the meal can cook:
Add the meat and let it cook for ten minutes.
There are different verbs for particular ways of
cooking: with water or oil, or in dry heat.
flambé
Fry
• You can fry meat, fish, eggs, etc. in a shallow
pan of hot oil, or the meat, fish, eggs, etc. can
fry:
Fry the onion and garlic for five minutes.
wok
The smell of frying bacon made her mouth
water.
• Chips (BrE) / French fries (NAmE), etc. can be
spatula
completely covered in very hot oil and
deep-fried.
stir-fry • You can sauté food by frying it quickly in a
little hot fat:
frying pan new potatoes sautéed in butter and thyme
(NAmE also skillet)
tongs
Boil
• You can boil vegetables, eggs, rice, etc. by
covering them with water and heating to
boiling point (=100°C):
Boil the potatoes until tender, then drain.
• You can also just boil the water:
I’m boiling the water for the pasta now.
fry barbecue
… or the container the water is in:
Boil a large pan of salted water.
• The vegetables, the water, or (in British
lid
English) the container, can boil:
The potatoes were boiling away merrily.
The kettle’s boiled! Do you want some tea?
steamer (BrE)
• If you bring something to the boil (BrE) / a
saucepan (especially BrE)
(NAmE usually pot) boil (NAmE) you heat it until it boils; you can
then simmer it or let it simmer by letting it
boil steam boil gently for a period of time:
Simmer the carrots in a large pan of water.
oven
Bring to the boil and let it simmer for five
minutes.
• You can poach food by cooking it gently in a
small amount of liquid:
Gently poach the salmon fillets for eight
minutes.
casserole /
bun tin (BrE) casserole dish
muffin pan (NAmE)
bake casserole
 V25
Preparation Steam
• You can steam fish, vegetables, etc. by
placing the food above boiling water in a
covered container with holes in the bottom

Cooking
so the steam reaches it:
Chinese rice is always white and usually
prepared by steaming.

Roast
chop • You can roast large pieces of meat, potatoes,
etc. by covering the surface of the food with
oil in the heat of an oven.

Grill
• You can grill (BrE) / broil (NAmE) food under
direct heat on a grill pan (BrE) / broiler pan
(NAmE).
dice
Bake
• You can bake bread, cakes, potatoes, etc. in
the dry heat of an oven or a fire:
He baked a cake for her birthday.
… or the bread, cakes, etc. can bake:
While the cake is baking, avoid opening the
oven door.
• Baking can be used for things that are baked,
slice or for the activity of baking them:
A nice smell of baking came from the kitchen.
My grandmother always used to bake/do the
baking on Saturdays.

GRAMMaR POINT
• The past participle (-ed form) of most
cooking verbs can be used as an adjective
before an item of food, meaning ‘that has
knead been cooked in this way’:
a cooked breakfast (BrE)
a warm breakfast (NAmE)
a boiled egg
sautéed potatoes (also sauté potatoes)
rolling pin
BUT roast chicken
• The gerund (-ing form) of some cooking
verbs can be used as an adjective before
an item of food, meaning ‘suitable to be
roll out cooked in this way’:
whisk
cooking apples (= that must be cooked
before they are eaten)
potato
masher stewing steak
… or before a piece of equipment, meaning
‘suitable to be used when cooking in this
way’:
grater
a frying pan
a baking tray (BrE) / baking sheet (NAmE)

mash grate whip

 V26

Fruit and vegetables

• Some fruit and vegetables are always • Larger fruit or vegetables, that you do not
Fruit and vegetables

countable: eat whole, are uncountable as food:

Do you like bananas? duck with spring cabbage
Some are always uncountable: Others may be eaten whole (countable)…
Celery is usually eaten raw. baked apples
• Some may be countable or uncountable, baby carrots
depending on whether you are thinking of … or prepared in such a way that they are
them as plants or as food and on how they are not eaten whole (uncountable in British
prepared as food. If you are thinking of a fruit English but still countable in American
or vegetable as a plant you are usually talking English):
about the whole fruit or vegetable, so it will stewed apple (BrE) / stewed apples (NAmE)
be countable: grated raw carrot (BrE) / grated raw carrots
Plant the cabbages in rows. (NAmE)
stalk (BrE) pip (BrE) / seed (NAmE) stone (BrE) / pit (NAmE)
stem (NAmE)

core flesh
seeds

cherries apple peach kiwi fruit

skin (BrE) / peel (NAmE)

watermelon

avocado fig a bunch of grapes banana

Berries Citrus fruits

peel pith (BrE)

lime lemon
strawberries raspberries pip (BrE) / seed (NAmE)

segment

blackberries gooseberries grapefruit orange

Tropical fruits seeds

mango passion fruit pomegranate mangosteen persimmon pineapple

shell
flesh

starfruit papaya durian coconut milk lychee

 V27
clove

Fruit and vegetables

garlic onion shallots
fennel
cabbage floret (BrE) cauliflower

Brussels sprouts
leek

mushrooms broccoli artichoke

spring onions (BrE) okra (also globe artichoke)
spear
green onions (NAmE)

sweet potato
chilli asparagus

celery

potato

corn on the cob sweetcorn (BrE) aubergine (BrE)

corn (NAmE) eggplant (NAmE) yam

Squash Peas and beans

pod

marrow (BrE) green beans peas

pumpkin
courgette (BrE) kidney beans chickpeas
zucchini (NAmE) (especially BrE)
garbanzos (NAmE) bean sprouts

Root vegetables Salad vegetables

carrot parsnip radishes

lettuce
moolis / daikons
tomato

cucumber

beetroot (BrE) swede (BrE) turnip peppers (BrE)

beet (NAmE) rutabaga (NAmE) bell peppers (NAmE)
 V28

Herbs, spices, nuts and cereals

Herbs, spices, nuts and cereals

Herbs

bay sage basil oregano mint parsley

thyme rosemary dill tarragon chives coriander

(NAmE also cilantro)

Spices
pod

seeds

cloves black peppercorns star anise cinnamon cardamom nutmeg

ginger saffron turmeric paprika cumin seeds coriander

seeds

Nuts Cereals

grain

cashew peanut macadamia hazelnut

(also filbert
especially
NAmE)

wheat ear of barley maize (BrE)

wheat corn (NAmE)

pecan almond pistachio

shell

brazil walnut chestnut rye rice oats millet

 V29

Packaging

Packaging
multipack blister pack box box (BrE also matchbox
packet)
stick
cap / top

packet (BrE) packet (BrE) packet (BrE) packet (BrE) top

stick (NAmE) pack (NAmE) package (NAmE) roll (NAmE)
tube

sachet (BrE)
packet (NAmE)

straw roll

carton (BrE) carton carton (BrE also pot) tub

juice box (NAmE)
cork screw-top
nozzle

top

aerosol can can

bottle

ring pull (BrE) lid

lid pull tab (NAmE)

label

tin tin / can (both BrE) / can (NAmE) punnet (BrE) tray jar

bag (BrE also packet) bag shopping bag carrier bag shopping basket shopping trolley (BrE)
(BrE) shopping cart (NAmE)
 V30

Musical instruments
Playing an instrument
Musical instruments

• When talking generally about playing • The preposition on is used to say who is
musical instruments, the is usually used playing which instrument:
before the name of the instrument: The CD features James Galway on the flute.
He played the trumpet in a jazz band. She sang and he accompanied her on the
She decided to take up (= start learning to piano.
play) the flute. • The is not usually used when you are talking
• The is not usually used when two or more about pop or jazz musicians:
instruments are mentioned: John Squire on guitar
She teaches violin, cello and piano. Miles Davis played trumpet.

Brass Strings tuning peg

bow
bat

strings

French horn
chin rest

belly
violin viola cello harp batsman
double bass (BrE)
bass (NAmE)
reed
tuba
tuning slide
Woodwind

bell
key
trombone mouthpiece
valve

trumpet

key

saxophone piccolo flute clarinet oboe bassoon recorder

Percussion
hi-hat tom-tom
(also high-hat) cymbal
glockenspiel
tambourine

snare drum

drumsticks congas
xylophone triangle castanets

bass drum

drum kit kettledrum steel drum harmonica maracas


Describing instruments
• There are four sections of instruments in an
orchestra: strings, woodwind, brass and
percussion.
• Different bands or ensembles can be formed
when instruments from the different sections
play separately:
a brass band a string quartet
a wind band a jazz trio
• Particular adjectives are used before the
names of musical instruments to describe the
type of instrument it is:
a tenor saxophone a bass drum
a classical guitar
GRAMMaR POINT
• The names of instruments can be used
like adjectives before other nouns:
a clarinet lesson
Chopin’s Piano Concerto No. 1
She’s going to do her cello practice.
People who play instruments
• Some musical instruments have a special
name, ending in –ist or –er for the people
who play them:
The violinist lifted his bow.
The South African drummer, Louis Moholo
• Check near the entry for each instrument to
find the correct word. If there is no special
word, you use player after the name of the
instrument:
the quartet’s viola player
• When talking about pop or jazz, people often
use player even when there is a word for the
person like saxophonist or bassist:
A brilliant young sax player
We’re looking for a new bass player.
amplifier
fret
bridge
electric guitar acoustic guitar
V31
• In an orchestra playing classical music,
principal, deputy principal (BrE), associate
principal (NAmE) and assistant principal
(NAmE) are used with the names of
instruments to describe a player’s position or
Musical instruments
importance:
He became principal cellist within a few
years.
• A person who directs (or conducts) an
orchestra is a conductor. The principal
violinist (who leads the orchestra) is the
leader (BrE) or the concertmaster (NAmE).
Music for instruments
• Music is composed or written for an
instrument. In a piece of music written for
a group of instruments, each has a different
part to play:
There are parts for oboe and bassoon.
• If there is more than one part for the same
type of instrument, the terms first and
second, and sometimes third and fourth, are
used:
She’s a second violin (= plays the second
violin part).
the deep low notes of the third horn
• A solo is a part for one instrument playing
alone. A soloist plays it:
She performs regularly as a soloist and in
chamber music.
I love the saxophone solo in this song.
More illustrations at accordion and music.
strings lid
keyboard
piano stool
pedal
grand piano
upright piano
banjo mandolin balalaika sitar
 V32

Toys and games

Toys and games

FrisbeeTM kite skipping rope sandpit (BrE)

(BrE) / jump rope sandbox (NAmE)
(NAmE)

swing slide trampoline climbing frame (BrE)

jungle gym (NAmE)

teddy bear (BrE also teddy) soft toy (BrE) / stuffed rag doll glove puppet (BrE)
animal (especially NAmE) hand puppet (NAmE)

rocking horse building blocks doll’s house (BrE) / dollhouse (NAmE)

a hand of cards Cards
• To mix the playing cards is to shuffle them:
Shuffle the cards well.
Shall I shuffle?
• To give cards to each individual person who
is playing the game is to deal them (out). The
person who does this is called the dealer:
Whose turn is it to deal?
Deal the cards.
playing cards / cards pack of cards (BrE)
deck of cards (especially • To divide the pack of cards into two or three
NAmE) parts is to cut them:
suits Cut the cards to see who starts.
clubs diamonds hearts spades
• A card which is on the table showing the
picture side is face up. A card which is on the
table so that you cannot see the picture side
is face down.
• The cards that you have in your hand when
you play cards is a hand.
jack queen king ace joker
I knew I’d win – I had a really good hand (=I
court cards (BrE)
had good cards).
face cards (especially NAmE)
 V33
Playing games
• The official statements that tell you what
you can or cannot do in a game are the rules;
something which is not allowed in a game is
against the rules.

Toys and games

• To play a game in a dishonest or unfair way:
dominoes
cheat; noun [U]: cheating; a person who cheats
is a cheat:
You can’t do that, it’s cheating.
He’s such a cheat.

Board games
noughts and crosses (BrE) / tic-tac-toe (NAmE) • A game played on a flat hard piece of wood or
cardboard is a board game.
• A small cube with a different number of spots
on each side, used in certain games, is called a
dice (also die especially NAmE) (plural dice).
• A small round flat object that is used in some
Chinese chequers (BrE) / Chinese checkers (NAmE) games to show where a player is on the board is
a counter.
dice (also die
• To take a piece or a counter and move it to
especially NAmE) another place on the board: move (something):
counter You can only move your counter one square in
any direction.
• The time in a game when one person must do
snakes and ladders (BrE) something (for example move a piece) is called
queen king a move, turn, go (plural goes):
It’s your move/turn/go.
pawn
chessboard You’ve just had two goes.

castle / rook Chess

chess knight bishop • A stage in the game of chess when a player’s
king could be taken by the other person is called
check noun [U]. When you are in this position,
you are in check.
• When one player cannot move his king out of
check and the game ends is called checkmate
backgammon noun [U].
• The end of a game of chess when neither player
Puzzles can win is stalemate noun [U].
• A game that tests your knowledge or
intelligence is a puzzle:
to do a puzzle
a mathematical puzzle
• A picture on cardboard or wood that is
cut into small pieces which you have to
join together is a jigsaw (puzzle).
• A word game with black and white sudoku wordsearch
squares where you write the word
in the white squares is a crossword
(puzzle). To find the right word, you
have to solve a clue:
I can’t do this crossword, the clues are
too difficult.
to solve a crossword puzzle crossword (also jigsaw (puzzle)
crossword puzzle) (BrE) (also puzzle
especially NAmE)
 golf club
golf course
bunker
V34 (NAmE also
hole sand trap,
Hobbies green
trap)

map golfer
Hobbies

fairway

compass
golf
Golf
• A game of golf is called a round of golf (nine
orienteering caving (BrE) / spelunking (NAmE) or eighteen holes).
target bow • At the start of each hole a player tees off by
hitting the ball from the tee (= an area of flat
ground).
• The act of hitting the ball is called a shot.
The swinging movement players make with
archer their arms and body when they hit the ball is
ice rink
arrow called their swing:
My golf swing is in need of improvement.
archery ice skating
• Players attempt to hit their ball down the
flipper snorkel fairway (= a long strip of short grass),
tank avoiding the bunker (NAmE also sand trap,
trap) and the rough (= the part of the golf
mask
course with long grass making it difficult to
hit the ball), to the green.
• The green is an area of short grass on which
wetsuit
you putt your ball (= hit the ball gently
so that it rolls across the ground a short
scuba-diving snorkelling (also snorkeling distance into or towards the hole).
especially US)

Snooker, pool and billiards

• Snooker is a game for two people, played
on a long table covered with green cloth
(baize). Players use cues to hit the cue ball
(white) against the other balls (fifteen red,
and six of other colours) in order to pot the
coloured balls (= hit them into pockets at
in-line skating skateboarding
the edge of the table), in a particular order.
bowling green
pins
• Snooker also refers to a position in the game
of snooker in which one player has made it
very difficult for the opponent to play a shot
within the rules.
• A game of snooker is called a frame:
lane
He won the frame easily.
• Pool is similar to snooker, but is played with
bowls tenpin bowling a cue ball (white), a black ball, and two sets
of coloured balls (seven solid colours and
dartboard
dart cue
seven striped balls).
• Billiards is played with three balls (one
pocket table white, one white with a spot, and one red).
Each player uses one of the white balls as the
bullseye cue ball. Points are scored by pocketing a ball
cushion after contact with another ball, or by striking
cue ball your cue ball against the other two balls.
darts pool
 V35
potter’s
palette wheel
zoom lens
chisel

Hobbies
flash
canvas
easel
photography painting pottery woodcarving

magnifying
glass stamps

album

model making stamp collecting gardening

knitting rows crochet
needle hook

sewing
machine
wool / yarn cross stitch
needle

knitting crochet embroidery sewing

reel of cotton (especially BrE)
Keeping fit spool of thread (especially NAmE)

Staying healthy
• If you are fit (BrE), physically fit, or in
shape (especially NAmE), you are healthy
and strong, especially as a result of diet and
press-up (BrE) sit-up exercise:
push-up (especially NAmE) Top athletes have to be very fit.(BrE)
The doctor said I should get more exercise
(BrE also …take more exercise).
No cream for me – I’m on a diet.
She cycles up to 90 miles a day to keep
fit. (BrE)
I still run every day to stay in shape.
(especially NAmE)
jogging yoga exercise bike
Aerobics, step, and circuit training
• Aerobics involves physical exercises to make
the heart and lungs stronger, often done in
classes and to music:
do an aerobics class
barbell dumb-bell • Step is a type of aerobics that you do
by stepping on and off a raised piece of
equipment called a step.
• Circuit training is a type of training in which
different exercises are each done for a
short time.
rowing machine treadmill
 V36
• If the name of a sport or an activity ends in
Sports –ing we often use it with the verb to go:
I go swimming twice a week.
Have you ever been rock climbing?
Talking about a particular sport • Typical sports and activities with this pattern
Sports

• You can play a specific sport:
Do you play tennis?
• This is used particularly for competitive
sports in which one team or person plays or
plays against another:
We played them in last year’s final.
Who are you playing against this afternoon?
• Members of a sports team play for
their team:
He used to play for the Dallas Cowboys.
include: go skiing; go sailing; go riding (BrE)
or go horseback riding (NAmE); and go
dancing. Check at the entry for each sport to
see if it can be used in this way.
Other sports and activities can take the verbs to
do or to go to:
• I do aerobics once or twice a week.
• I go to judo (= to my judo class) on Mondays.

Team Sports
court

hoop
pitch
wicketkeeper batsman
wicket

basket

cricket basketball
bat
batter
baseball
bat

catcher tackle

catcher

baseball rugby

crossbar goal
jersey shoulder pad

strip (BrE)
football uniform
goalkeeper (NAmE)

football

soccer (BrE also football) American football (BrE) / football (NAmE)

catching
helmet blocking glove
glove

hockey stick
skate

face mask
ball ice rink
puck
hockey (BrE) / field hockey (NAmE) ice hockey (BrE) / hockey (NAmE)

Where sports are played
• The area that is specially marked for playing
a sports game is often called a pitch (BrE),
field or court, depending on the sport being
V37
GRAMMaR POINT
• Names of American sports teams always
start with ‘the’; names of British sports
teams almost never do. Names of sports

played:
a cricket/ football/rugby/hockey pitch (BrE)
a soccer/baseball field (especially NAmE)
a tennis/badminton/squash/basketball
court
• Teams are often referred to just by the name
• A large sports ground surrounded by rows
of seats for spectators is called a stadium
(plural stadiums or stadia):
an all-seater stadium
Sports
teams may look either singular or plural
but always take a plural verb:
The Jazz are playing the Chicago Bulls.
Aston Villa have started the season well.
of the place they come from. In American
English this means a singular verb is used,
but in British English the verb is still plural.
Cincinnati is having a great season.
Norwich were disappointed with the score.

Swimming

crawl butterfly

backstroke breaststroke

Racket sports

racket /
racquet

shuttlecock
court
net

tennis badminton

bat

squash table tennis (BrE) / Ping-PongTM (NAmE)

 V38
People who take part in sports Track events
• A person who plays a particular sport is
usually called a football/tennis/basketball
player:
Welsh rugby players could get £2000 each hurdle
Sports

from a new sponsorship deal.

• Some sports have a special name for the
players or people who do them. Some of sprinting
these names end in -er but others do not
lane
follow a particular pattern. Check near the
entry for each sport to find the correct word. hurdling sprinting
talented young footballers (BrE only) Track events starting
an Olympic boxer blocks
top athletes from around the world • run the 100 metres
cyclists competing in the Tour de France • run the relay

Field events

bar

the high jump the discus the pole vault

Field events
• do the long jump
• do the high jump
• do the pole vault
• do the triple jump
• throw the javelin
• throw the discus
• throw the hammer
• put the shot

the hammer the javelin

Equestrian sports

jockey
rider

jump
mallet
racehorse

racecourse (BrE) / racetrack (NAmE)

horse racing showjumping polo

 V39
Talking about sports in general GRAMMaR POINT
• You can do sport (BrE): • The names of sports can be used like
Do you do a lot of sport? adjectives before other nouns:
…or you can play sports (especially NAmE): a tennis match

Sports
We played sports together when we were kids. cycling shorts
…but these verbs are not used very often. a football team
It is more usual to talk about liking sport/ • The words sports and sporting (but not
sports or being good at sport/sports: ‘sport’) can be used in the same way:
Are you good at sport? (BrE) a sports club
Are you good at sports? (NAmE) sports shoes
What sports do you like best? a sporting event
• Do not say that you ‘practise’ sport or a sport sporting goods
if you just mean that you do or play it. Say:
I love sport. (BrE)
I love sports. (NAmE) helmet
(No other verb is necessary.)
NOT I love practising sport. rings
• Say which sports you play:
Every Sunday I play volleyball or badminton
with my friends.
NOT Every Sunday I practise sport with my
friends. cycling gymnastics

• However, you can use the verb ‘practise’, mask

head guard
especially in American English (where it is
spelt ‘practice’), if it means ‘to train’:
The team is practicing for its big game. (NAmE) boxing glove foil
The team are in training for their big match.
(BrE) the ropes

boxing fencing

Winter sports

bobsleigh (BrE) / bobsled (NAmE) the luge

goggles

ski
downhill skiing binding cross-country skiing
 V40

Extreme sports
Extreme sports

paragliding hang-gliding skydiving

bungee
abseiling (BrE)
snowboarding rappelling (NAmE) bungee jumping waterskiing wakeboarding

• Activities that involve danger or speed or

sailboard
both are often called extreme sports. Many (also
extreme sports are done on or in water. windsurfer)
• Surfing and bodyboarding are similar, but a
surfer stands on a surfboard to ride on the
waves while a bodyboarder lies on their
stomach on a bodyboard. Kitesurfing
involves riding on a type of surfboard and
being pulled along by a kite. windsurfing surfing
• Waterskiing and wakeboarding both involve
being pulled through the water by a fast boat:
a waterskier wears one or two waterskis,
while a wakeboarder stands sideways on a
wakeboard.
• Other extreme sports involve jumping from
great heights. Skydivers jump from a plane
and fall for as long as they safely can before jet-skiing bodyboarding
opening their parachutes. You can jump
from the side of a mountain, wearing a kind
of parachute in paragliding, or a frame like
a very large kite in hang-gliding. Parasailing
and base jumping are both also done
wearing parachutes. In parasailing you are
pulled behind a fast boat and rise into the air.
A base jumper jumps from the top of a tall
building or bridge (BASE stands for building, white-water rafting kitesurfing / kiteboarding
antenna, span, earth).
• In rock climbing, a rope is attached to the
climber and the rock for safety– this is called
belaying. The climber wears a harness to
which the rope is attached with a metal ring
called a karabiner.
• Skateboarders and snowboarders may ride
on a half-pipe: a U-shaped structure or a parkour
U-shaped channel cut into the snow. They do
jumps and tricks, for example a fakie, an ollie,
or a kick-turn.
 V41

Cycles
handlebar

brake lever
water bottle saddle

Cycles
brake cable crossbar
fork front brake
hub rear
brake
helmet chinstrap spoke
frame

chain
wheel

crank
D-lock pump pedal
reflector
tyre (BrE) stand valve
tire (NAmE) rim
chain gears
light bicycle

drop handlebars

stabilizers (BrE) tricycle (also informal trike) racing bike / racer unicycle
training wheels (NAmE)

mountain bike quad bike dirt bike

petrol tank (BrE) mirror
gas tank (NAmE)

engine silencer (BrE) kickstand

muffler (NAmE)
tandem motorcycle (also scooter
motorbike especially BrE)
Other types of bicycle and motorcycle
• An early type of bicycle with a very large front wheel and a very small back wheel is a penny-farthing.
• A stationary bicycle that is used indoors to exercise is an exercise bike.
• A motorcycle with a small engine and pedals is a moped.
 V42
1 rear-view mirror
Cars 2 visor
3 windscreen (BrE)
windshield (NAmE)
2 4 windscreen wiper (BrE)
Musical instruments
Cars

1 windshield wiper (NAmE)

5 wing mirror (BrE)
side-view
3 mirror (NAmE)
4 6 door handle
5
10 7 air vent
12
13 14 15 8 glove compartment
11 glove box
7 9
9 satnav (also sat nav)
16 17 10 dashboard
6 11 milometer (BrE)
8 odometer (NAmE)
12 speedometer
23
18 20 21 13 rev counter
19 14 fuel gauge
24 25 15 steering wheel
22 16 ignition
26 17 horn
18 gear lever (BrE)
gear shift (NAmE)
19 clutch
20 brake
boot (BrE) bonnet (BrE) 21 accelerator (BrE) / gas
trunk (NAmE) hood (NAmE) pedal (especially NAmE)
tail light 22 handbrake (especially
BrE) / emergency brake
(NAmE)
23 headrest
exhaust (also tailpipe tyre (BrE) saloon (BrE) 24 passenger seat
especially NAmE) convertible tire (NAmE) sedan (NAmE) 25 driver’s seat
26 seat belt
indicator (BrE)
turn signal (NAmE)
headlight
aerial (BrE) / antenna
(especially NAmE)
wing (BrE)
fender (NAmE)
rear side
window window people carrier (BrE) four-wheel drive
minivan (especially
door
bumper
NAmE)

hubcap

hatchback

sports car estate car (BrE)

(US also sport car) station wagon (NAmE)
Verbs to talk about driving
• to control the direction in which the car is • to put the engine into a higher/lower gear as
going: steer you get faster/slower: change up/down
• to change direction suddenly: swerve • to allow another vehicle to go before you:
• to signal that your car is going to turn: give way (BrE) / yield (NAmE)
indicate • to pass another vehicle because you are
• to make a car go faster: speed up, moving faster: overtake
accelerate, put your foot down • to turn round and go back along the same
• to make a car go more slowly: slow down, road: do/make a U-turn
brake, put the brake on • to stop and leave the car: park
 V43

Aircraft fin

wing

Aircraft
aileron
rudder
flap tail
fuselage
elevator
cabin
tailplane
nose hold

trailing edge

undercarriage (also slat

landing gear) leading edge
flight deck
jet engine cowling

cockpit rotor blade

propeller
aerobatic display light aircraft helicopter

ski-plane ski glider microlight (BrE)

skid

seaplane
fighter biplane
At the airport
• An airport building where journeys begin and end is a
terminal. You go to the check-in desk and say you have arrived
(check in).
• You check in the baggage (especially NAmE) that will go into
the hold (= the part of the plane where goods are stored)
but you carry your hand luggage (especially BrE) / carry-on
airship
baggage (especially NAmE) with you onto the plane. If your
bags are heavier than the weight limit you have to pay excess
baggage.
• You wait in the departure lounge and when your flight is
boarding (= is ready for passengers to get on) you leave the
terminal from a gate. basket
• When you arrive at your destination in a different country you
disembark and go through immigration. Collect your luggage hot-air balloon
(especially BrE) from baggage reclaim (BrE) / baggage claim
(NAmE) and exit through customs.
 V44

Boats and ships the bridge

Boats and ships

tug / tugboat

container ship lifeboat ferry

skirt

twin hulls

hovercraft hydrofoil catamaran

bow stern

liner canal boat / narrowboat

More kinds of boat sailing dinghy (NAmE also sailboat)

• Any large boat that is used for carrying passengers or
goods by sea is a ship, or (formal) a vessel:
In which country was this vessel registered?
paddle
• A ship that carries goods from one place to another wheel
is a freighter or cargo ship, and one that is used for
carrying large amounts of petrol, oil, etc. is an (oil)
tanker.
• A boat that is used for catching fish is a fishing boat,
and a special type of fishing boat which pulls a long paddle steamer (BrE) / paddleboat (NAmE)
net through the sea to catch fish is a trawler.
• Lifeboat has two meanings: it is a special boat that is
used to rescue people who are in danger at sea, or it is
a small boat that is kept on a ship and used by people
to escape if the ship is going to sink.
cruiser / cabin cruiser
• Raft also has two meanings: it is a small boat made
of rubber or plastic that is filled with air, or it is a flat
structure made of pieces of wood tied together and
used as a boat.

Groups of boats speedboat

• A group of boats that sail and work together is a fleet:
a fishing fleet
• A group of boats travelling together is a flotilla or a oar
convoy:
The boats travelled in convoy.
We were travelling in a flotilla of boats.
rowing boat (BrE) / rowboat (NAmE)
 V45
life jacket Travelling by boat
(NAmE also paddle
life vest) • You sail a sailing boat or yacht, row a rowing boat, and paddle
blade
a canoe or kayak:
My brother’s planning to sail (his yacht) to Bermuda.
They rowed (the boat) back to shore.

Boats and ships

• You go sailing, go yachting, go rowing and go canoeing.
kayak (BrE also canoe) • When you get on a ship you board (it), or (formal) embark:
We boarded the ship at midday.
One passenger had embarked at Alexandria.
• When you get off a ship you go ashore, or (formal) disembark.
• To begin a journey by sea is to set sail (from/to/for a place):
Twenty competitors set sail from Rio on the round-the-world race.
• When you are on a ship you are on board or aboard:
canoe
There were a thousand passengers on board.
All aboard please!
pole • When you are sailing on the sea in a ship, you are at sea.
• A holiday where you travel by boat and visit a number of places
is a cruise:
They’re going on a cruise.
punt • A long journey by sea is a voyage:
Captain Cook made his first voyage to the South Pacific in 1768.
• If a boat moves backwards and forwards it pitches; if it moves from
side to side it rolls:
The trawler was pitching and rolling violently in the storm.
gondolier • To be carried along by wind or water in no particular direction is
to drift:
gondola The boat drifted out to sea.

Parts of boats
• The side of a boat that is on the left when you are
spinnaker
facing the front: port
• The side of a boat that is on the right when you
are facing the front: starboard
• The top outside floor of a boat is called the deck: mainsail
Let’s go and sit on deck.
• The other floors are also called decks:
the lower deck of a ship mast
• A small room in a boat where you can sleep is a cabin,
and a kind of bed in a cabin is a bunk or a berth:
boom
a cabin with four berths
• The kitchen on a boat is the galley and a round cockpit

window is called a porthole.

jib
Steering a boat
• A piece of wood or metal in the water at the back of a
boat that is used for controlling its direction is a rudder.
• A bar that is used to turn the rudder of a small boat in yacht (NAmE also sailboat)
order to steer it is a tiller.
• A handle or wheel used for steering a larger boat
or ship is called the helm.
• The part of a ship where the captain and other officers
stand when they are controlling the ship is the bridge.
 V46

Vehicles
Buses
Vehicles

double-decker single-decker minibus

school bus bus (BrE also coach)

Trucks, etc.

cab

articulated lorry (BrE) / tractor-trailer (NAmE) lorry (BrE) / truck (especially NAmE) transporter

tanker van forklift truck

breakdown truck (BrE) pickup (also pickup truck) JeepTM

tow truck (especially NAmE)

Transporting goods
• Items that are carried by lorries, trains, • Something that is being carried, usually in
aeroplanes and ships are called freight [U]: large amounts, is a load:
a freight train A lorry shed its load (= accidentally
• Items that are carried by road or rail are also dropped its load) on the motorway.
called goods (BrE)(pl.): • A load of goods that is sent from one place to
a goods vehicle another is a shipment.
• Items that are carried by air and sea are also • A large metal box in which goods are
called cargo [C, U]: transported by sea, rail or road is a container.
a cargo plane
 V47
trailer

Vehicles
caravan (BrE) / camper (NAmE) camper (BrE) / recreational vehicle (RV)
minibus
(NAmE) tractor

taxi (also cab, taxicab)

Trains, etc.
carriage (BrE) / car (NAmE)

rail
platform (BrE)
sleeper (BrE)
tie (NAmE)
engine / locomotive
high-speed train freight train (BrE also goods train)

passenger train underground (BrE) / subway (NAmE) steam train

funicular cable car tram (BrE) / streetcar (US)

Construction vehicles

Caterpillar
track™
(especially BrE)
tank tread
(especially
excavator bulldozer NAmE)

cement mixer dumper truck (NAmE also dump truck)

 V48

The body
crown of the head
The body

head hair middle finger

ear index finger /
neck first finger ring
forehead thumb finger
shoulder
bridge of cuticle
arm armpit temple the nose knuckle
chest cheek
nipple elbow nose little
nostril
forearm mouth finger
back palm
stomach
navel small of the back lip fingernail
waist hip gum
nape of wrist
tongue
buttocks the neck jaw tooth
chin
groin the face the hand

thigh
eyebrow
leg ciliary muscle

knee calf
heel sclera
iris retina
arch eyelid
shin cornea
of
lens
the white
foot eyelash
instep
optic
toenail tear duct nerve
ankle ball of iris
foot the foot
the body pupil eyeball
big toe
the eye
sole
skull / cranium

brain
cheekbone
breastbone / jawbone /
sternum mandible
collarbone /
clavicle uvula spinal cord
shoulder blade / pharynx
scapula larynx
ribcage tonsil
humerus
windpipe / gullet / oesophagus (BrE)
rib trachea esophagus (NAmE)
vertebra
backbone /
ulna bronchial
spine
hip bone radius tube
pelvis lung
heart
lung capillaries
tailbone /
coccyx liver

bile duct
thigh bone / kidney stomach
femur gall bladder spleen
duodenum pancreas
kneecap /
patella cartilage colon large intestine
small intestine

shin bone / appendix

tibia rectum bladder
fibula anus

the skeleton the internal organs

 V49

Hair

Hair and make-up

moustache
(BrE) sideburns
mustache (BrE also
(NAmE) sideboards)
clean-
shaven
stubble goatee
beard

crew cut shaved head bald head receding hairline long hair
straight
hair

layered
hair

flat-top spiky dreadlocks cornrows bob shoulder-length

widow’s
peak ringlet

chignon French pleat (BrE) long, wavy curly perm

bun French twist (NAmE)
parting
fringe (BrE)
(BrE) part
bangs (NAmE)
(NAmE)

plait (BrE) French plait (BrE) pigtails (BrE) bunches (BrE) ponytail
braid (NAmE) French braid (NAmE) braids (NAmE) pigtails (NAmE)

Make-up
sponge compact mirror
brush

foundation concealer blusher powder eyeliner eyeshadow applicator

(NAmE also (also liner)
blush)
wand

lip gloss lip liner lipstick mascara nail polish (BrE also
nail varnish)
fer

V50
suit braces (BrE)

Clothes suspenders
(NAmE)

lapel
tie
Clothes

jacket rolled-up
striped
sleeve

polka dots crease trousers (BrE)

pants (NAmE)

tartan / plaid
patterned waistcoat bow ties
(BrE) / vest (NAmE)
coats and jackets
• The general word for what you wear is
clothes (plural) or clothing [U] (formal):
She always wears such lovely clothes.
a piece of clothing
• A set of clothes that you wear together,
especially for a particular occasion or
purpose, is an outfit.
• Any piece of clothing worn on the top part of
the body, especially by women, can be called
a top.
overcoat raincoat
• The clothes which some children wear at
school, or which some people wear at work,
are called a uniform [C, U].
• When police officers wear ordinary clothes
instead of uniforms, they are in plain
clothes:
a plain clothes police sergeant
body warmer denim jacket
Describing clothes and the way
hood
people look
Clothes can be:
• attractive and designed well: elegant
• untidy and dirty: scruffy
• clean, tidy and rather formal: smart
lining
(especially BrE) leather jacket anorak
• not formal: casual
• fashionable and attractive: stylish short-sleeved collar
blouse
• very fashionable: trendy (informal)
• fitting closely to your body: tight,
close-fitting, skintight
• not fitting closely: loose, baggy
• if a piece of clothing is not too big and not
too small, it fits you:
These jeans don’t fit me any more.
• If a piece of clothing looks good on you, it
suits you:
It’s a nice coat, but it doesn’t really suit you.
sleeveless dress skirt
 V51
British and American
breast pocket
differences button-down
collar
• a short piece of clothing with buttons hoody
sleeve
down the front but no sleeves, usually

Clothes
shirt
worn over a shirt and under a jacket:
British English waistcoat
belt cuff
American English vest
fly cargo
• a piece of underwear worn under a
shirt, etc. next to the skin: pants
British English vest jeans pocket
American English undershirt
• a piece of clothing that covers the
body from the waist down, and is
divided into two parts to cover each leg
separately:
British English trousers V-neck hanger
American English pants
• a piece of men’s underwear worn under
their trousers/pants:
British English pants (or underpants)
American English underpants shorts
• a loose dress with no sleeves, usually cardigan polo shirt T-shirt
worn over a shirt or blouse:
British English pinafore sweaters
American English jumper (BrE also jumpers)
nightdress (BrE)
• a knitted woollen or cotton piece of nightgown (NAmE)
clothing for the upper part of the body
with long sleeves and no buttons:
British English jumper
American English sweater
• straps for holding trousers/pants up: polo neck (BrE)
British English braces turtleneck sweater
American English suspenders (NAmE)

• short elastic fastenings for holding up

socks or stockings:
British English suspenders
American English garters pyjamas dressing gown
crew neck sweater pajamas (especially (BrE) / bathrobe
US) (NAmE)
Fastening clothes fasteners
• To talk about fastening a piece of clothing buttonhole
in general, use do sth up, fasten sth; teeth
opposite: undo sth:
Do your coat up.
Your shirt is undone.
• There are some special verbs for particular toggle button
zip (BrE) / zipper
types of fastener:
(especially NAmE)
buttons: button sth (up); opposite:
unbutton sth
a zip: zip sth up; opposite: unzip sth
eye VelcroTM drawstring

hook

hook and eye press stud / popper (both BrE) buckle safety pin lace
snap (NAmE)
 V52

Accessories
Shoes
Accessories

toe

heel
slingback mule flats clogs
court shoes (BrE) (BrE also pumps)
pumps (NAmE)

stiletto
heel
stiletto wedge platform kitten heels slippers

ankle
strap jelly shoe flip-flops
sandal (NAmE also thongs)
moccasins
tongue

upper
shoelace

sole
lace-ups (especially brogues loafer trainers (BrE) baseball boots
BrE) / oxfords sneakers (NAmE)
(especially NAmE)

wellingtons (BrE)
buckle rubber boots (NAmE)

boot cowboy boot hiking boots

(also walking boots)

Bags
strap

clutch bag

handbag (NAmE shoulder bag backpack (BrE also rucksack) holdall (BrE)
also purse) bumbag (BrE) duffel bag (NAmE)
fanny pack (NAmE) handle

purse wallet (NAmE

(especially also billfold)
BrE) / change
purse (NAmE) attaché case briefcase suitcase trunk
(also briefcase)
 V53
Hats
brim band

Accessories
panama boater trilby cowboy hat bowler (BrE)
derby (NAmE)

peak
(BrE)
bill
(NAmE)

top hat mortar board cap cloth cap / flat cap

(both BrE) baseball cap

pom pom
(BrE also
bobble)
visor

beret hard hat crash helmet beanie bobble hat

sou’wester hood sun hats sombrero

Gloves Scarves

fingerless gloves mitten glove scarf chiffon scarf

Jewellery

stud clip-on clasp

earring bead

chain
pendant medallion locket

hoop dangly string of beads

earring earrings
signet ring wedding ring cufflinks
wedding band pearl

charm

bangle charm bracelet brooch (BrE) badge (also button pearl necklace
pin (NAmE) especially NAmE)
 V54
Equipment
Computing • This computer has a processor speed of 3
GHz (= gigahertz), 2 Gb (= gigabytes) of
screen RAM (=random access memory) and a hard
Computing

flat-screen monitor disk capacity of 500 Gb.

• It comes with a 56K modem and a speech
system unit
recognition system.
• The multimedia system includes a sound
card with 4D stereo sound and a graphics
card with 128 Mb of video RAM for a high
keys mouse resolution colour display.
• With DVD (= digital versatile disc or digital
keyboard
space bar
videodisc) you can watch films/movies.
PC • You pay extra for the laser printer, scanner
and other peripherals.
• The new operating system should be
compatible with existing hardware.
• You can download the pictures from your
USB port digital camera and burn them to a CD.
CD-ROM
• Wi-fiTM (= wireless fidelity) broadband
CD/DVD drive
connections are not only in computer stores
laptop but in coffee shops, public libraries and
bookstores – you can log into the Internet
without physically plugging into anything.

flash drive / USB drive (also
memory stick especially BrE)
router
Getting started
• PC users should log on to the network by
entering their username and password.
• Load the program into the computer.
• Save your files onto your hard disk and back
them up onto CDs or DVDs.
• Important data is archived on the central file
server.

When things go wrong

flatbed scanner webcam (NAmE
also WebcamTM) • I can’t log in – the server is down.
• The system keeps crashing – I’ve lost all my
stylus
files.
• You’ll have to switch off and reboot.
• Error. Username contains invalid characters.
• My computer can’t read this disk.
screen • The virus in the software was programmed
to corrupt the hard disk.
PDA digital camera • A firewall provides essential security for your
computer network.
• Download and install this patch to fix the
fault.

earbud

microphone
MP3 player headset

Window
pull-down/drop-down menu
PC training schedule - March
V55
application • This search engine indexes over a million
(= a word-processing, database, websites.
spreadsheet, etc. program)
• Do a search on language schools in the UK.
• Brief summaries are hyperlinked to the
complete texts.

Computing
• The site’s webmaster says it has over
Course Date Time Room 100,000 hits a day.
spreadsheets 9 March 10.00 A37
• This chat room is a forum for debating civil
spreadsheets
liberties issues online.
12 March 10.00 A37

intro to DTP 12 March 9.00 A38

• My email address is ‘joanna_smith@oup.
com’ (said ‘joanna underscore smith at o-u-p
DTP (intermediate) 13 March 9.00 A38
dot com).
• The web address / URL (= uniform/universal
resource locator) is ‘www.oup.com/elt’
cursor dialog box
(said ‘double-U, double-U, double-U dot
User interface o-u-p dot com slash e-l-t).
• Click on the window to make it active. • The website lets you upload photos, then
edit and share them.
• You can run several applications at the same
time. • You can download images to your PC much
more quickly with broadband than with a
• To create a new document, select New from
dial-up connection.
the File menu.
• Bookmarking a page stores the information
• Insert the cursor at the beginning of the line.
which enables you to revisit a favourite
• Use the mouse to drag the icon to the website instantly.
desktop.
• Cookies are files used by some websites
• Scroll up or down the text by clicking on the to gain information about their visitors,
scroll bar. or to simplify the login process by saving
• Search and replace options are activated usernames and passwords.
from the command prompt. • He maintains a personal weblog in which he
• Interactive computer terminals allow visitors writes (= blogs) extensively about film and
to take an ‘electronic walk’ through a virtual his own film-making.
Pompeii. • Most spam mails disguise the sender’s
Screen identity.
desktop document scroll bar • VoIP allows you to use your computer as a
telephone, or use the Internet to transmit
your call over ordinary phone lines.
PC training schedule - March

Course Date Time Room Home page

spreadsheets 9 March 10.00 A37 web browser website link
spreadsheets 12 March 10.00 A37

intro to DTP 12 March 9.00 A38

DTP (intermediate) 13 March 9.00 A38

icons windows

The Internet
• There is a wide range range of ISPs
(= Internet Service Providers).
• My free time is spent surfing the net in contents
Internet cafes.
• It’s a software package that helps you
browse the Web.
 V56

Office
7 water cooler
8 desk lamp
15 mouse mat (BrE)
mouse pad
22 swivel chair
23 arm
9 workstation / PC (especially NAmE) 24 printer
Office

1 wall planner 10 partition 16 flatbed scanner 25 hard copy / printout

2 noticeboard (BrE) 11 in tray 17 calculator 26 castor
bulletin board (NAmE) (NAmE also in box) 18 desk diary (BrE) 27 filing cabinet (BrE)
3 flip chart 12 out tray (BrE) datebook (NAmE) file cabinet (NAmE)
4 data projector out box (US) 19 desk 28 suspension file
5 laptop 13 calendar 20 stationery tray 29 photocopier
6 meeting/conference 14 pen holder 21 waste-paper basket
room (BrE) / wastebasket
(NAmE)

2
1
3

6
4 5

10
8 9

7
27
12 13 14 15
11
19
28 29
18
17
22 23
16 21
20
24 25 26

Stationery and office supplies

Bulldog clipTM paper clips Post-itTM

files ring binder folders
clip
nib spiral-bound

fountain pen
staple remover stapler staples pencil
lead
sharpener notebook notepad clipboard
pencil index
card

ballpoint
card index (BrE) correction eraser drawing pins (BrE)
(BrE also BiroTM)
card catalog (NAmE) fluid (BrE also rubber) pushpins (NAmE) thumbtacks (NAmE)

highlighter Sellotape TM flap

(BrE)
felt tip Scotch tape TM ink-
(NAmE) rubber band
pad
(BrE also
marker glue stick tape dispenser envelope elastic band) rubber stamp hole punch
 V57

Classroom 4 5 locker
interactive whiteboard
11 backpack (BrE also
rucksack)
15 pencil case
16 satchel
6 whiteboard 12 textbook (NAmE also 17 protractor

Classroom
1 projector 7 board pen text) 18 ruler
2 corridor (NAmE also 8 sports field 13 workbook (BrE) 19 set square (BrE)
hallway) exercise book (NAmE) triangle (NAmE)
9 desk
3 poster 14 exercise book (BrE)
10 school bag
notebook (NAmE)

3 5 6 7
4 8

11 17 18
10
15
12 13 16 19
14

Laboratory equipment burette

(US also buret)
cover
glass rod

dropper

Petri dish tongs

plunger
syringe
clamp
beaker graduated pestle
spatula cylinder
spatula pipette

flask stand evaporating crucible mortar

gauze mat dish
retort eyepiece
filter paper stopper
tripod flame objective
test tube lens

slide
rubber
tubing
magnet
Bunsen test tube
burner rack
funnel
microscope
 V58

Shapes, solids and angles

Shapes triangles
Shapes, solids and angles

quadrilaterals

scalene triangle

trapezium (BrE) hypotenuse

trapezoid (NAmE)
square rectangle
equilateral
triangle

right angle
rhombus rhomboid trapezoid (BrE)
trapezium (NAmE) isosceles right-angled triangle (especially
triangle BrE) / right triangle (NAmE)

other polygons circles semicircle arc

side circumference
sector
diameter centre
(also center
especially US) chord
radius quadrant

arc
pentagon hexagon octagon tangent segment

Solids vertex conic sections

edge

face

cylinder cone cube sphere circle ellipse

pyramid prism tetrahedron octahedron parabola hyperbola

Angles

37° 143°

90° 40° 37° 143°

right angle acute angle alternate angles

(also Z angles)

interior
143°
angle exterior
angle
143° 108° 72°
324° 115°

reflex angle obtuse angle corresponding angles

(also F angles)
 V59

The earth and the solar system

The earth line of longitude North Pole Arctic Circle The world

The earth and the solar system

• A
 map is a drawing or plan of the
world or a part of the world.
prime meridian
(also Greenwich • A
 n atlas is a book of maps and a
meridian) northern hemisphere globe is a model of the earth in the
(0º longitude) shape of a ball.
tropic of Cancer • T
 he planet where we live, and its
(23º 26´ north) surface: earth, the earth (also the
Earth).
• T
 he earth, including all the
equator countries, people, etc.: world (often
(0º latitude) the world).
• T
 he study of the world, including
its natural and man-made features
(seas, mountains, countries, cities,
tropic of Capricorn etc.), is geography [U]; adjective:
(23º 26´ south) geographical; person: geographer.
• T
 he study of the rocks, etc. which
line of form the surface of the earth is
southern hemisphere latitude geology [U]; adjective: geological;
International person: geologist.
Antarctic Circle Date Line
South Pole
(180º longitude)
Seasons
axis • W
 hen talking about the seasons we
The seasons normally do not use the, but we
northern may do if we want to talk about a
spring particular winter, summer, etc.:
I love spring – it’s my favourite
southern season.
autumn/fall That was the summer we went to
northern 21 March equinox northern Australia.
summer winter
The stars and planets
southern southern
winter summer • The planets in the solar system orbit
21 June 22 December (= go round) the sun.
northern • Everything that exists, including the
solstice autumn/fall
solstice
earth, the planets, the stars, etc. is
called the universe.
southern
spring • A
 group of stars with a name is a
constellation and a very large group
23 September equinox
of stars is a galaxy.
The solar system
• A
 piece of rock moving through
space is a meteor and a meteor that
orbit
has landed on earth is a meteorite.
• T
 he scientific study of the stars,
planets, etc. is astronomy [U];
n
Su

adjective: astronomical; person:

the

astronomer.
• T
 he belief that the positions
and movements of the stars and
planets influence what people do
urn
s

ne
r
rs
ry

th

and what happens to them

nu

u
ite
Ma
rcu

an
Ear

ptu
Sat
Ve

Jup

is astrology [U]; adjective:

Ur
Me

Ne

astrological; person: astrologer.

See also geographical names

 Musical
The instruments
British Isles
V60

The British Isles international metres

boundary
5000
Shetland internal
boundary 3000
Britain or Great Britain (GB) is a geographical Islands
2000
area consisting of England, Scotland and Wales built-up area
1000
(but not Ireland). capital city 500
The name Britain is also incorrectly used to over 1 million 300
refer to the political state, officially called inhabitants
200
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
town or city 100
Northern Ireland. This is abbreviated to the
United Kingdom or the UK. Fair Isle major airport 0 sea level
The British Isles is a group of islands that river peak or
highest point
includes Britain and Ireland, and a number lake
of smaller islands. The Republic of Ireland Rona
Orkney 0 50 100 km
(also the Irish Republic; formerly Eire) is an
Islands
independent state occupying the southern part
of the island of Ireland. John o’Groats

s
To refer to the nationality of the people of

e
Britain or the United Kingdom, you use the

d
Stornoway

i
nc
adjective British. English describes people from

ds

r
Lewis

Mi
England, and should not be used to describe

b
lan

he
people from Ireland, Scotland or Wales, who

e
T
Harris

igh
are Irish, Scottish and Welsh. There is further SCOTLAND

H
H
th
information in the notes at the entries for North ra y Fir
Uist Mo

st
British and Scottish.

e
Inverness

s
Benbecula

e r
Skye
There are special adjectives and nouns to Loch The
South Ness

thw
Uist Highlands

ide
describe people from some cities, for example a

r
s Aberdeen
person from London is a Londoner, from Dublin Barra ngorm
Cair Dee

No

O u t
Spey
a Dubliner, from Glasgow a Glaswegian, from

Hebr
Ben Nevis ins
Aberdeen an Aberdonian, from Manchester a Fort nta
William 1344m u
Mancunian and from Liverpool a Liverpudlian. Coll Mo
n
a

Ta y
A Londoner who speaks with the local accent is Dundee
pi

also called a Cockney. There are also informal Tiree Mull

am

The

Inner
Perth St.Andrews
Gr

names for people from some cities: Brummie Lowlands

Stirling r th
(from Birmingham); Scouse or Scouser (from Loch For th of Fo
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V61
 Canada and the United
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M
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metres Austin Baton The
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300
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inhabitants 200
major airport 300
100
town or city
river 0 200
sea level
major airport 100
lake peak or
river 0 sea
highest
levelpoint 0 250 500 km
lake peak or
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Canada and the United States of America

V63
 Australia
Musical
and New
instruments
Zealand
V64

Torres Strait
Australia and New Zealand international metres
boundary
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5000

Grea
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t
Arnhem Land internal
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Gulf of

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2000
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arr
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an
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ac Alice Springs
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Ra
1251m Gibson Desert Uluru

an
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867m (Ayers Rock) e 0 500 1000 km
Mt. Meharry
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Adelaide Wollongong (New Zealand)
M Canberra

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Sp
VICTORIA
G r ts. 2230m
M North Cape
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ow Mt. Kosciusko
Sn ippsland
G
Geelong Melbourne North Island

Bass Strait Tasman Auckland

Sea Bay of Plenty
Launceston Hamilton
NEW Tauranga
1617m Lake Taupo
Mt. Ossa ZEALAND 2797m
Hobart
TASMANIA
Mt. Ruapehu
Cook

Wellington
Mt. Cook
Strait

3764m A l p s
rn Christchurch
the
Sou
South Island
Dunedin
Stewart Chatham Islands
Island (New Zealand)