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IAS 1 - Slides
IAS 1 - Slides
1 – PRESENTATION OF
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Step‐by‐step guide to:
• Take you through the Standard; and
• Help you to understand the theory and application.
1
IAS 1 – PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
The following can be used in these slides:
Very important;
Class example;
DA example;
Question and suggested solution; and
New learning outcome.
2
Topics to be covered
• Objective, scope and definitions
• Financial Statements (general principles)
• Components of Financial Statements
• Notes
Please DON’T highlight
these in your books! Don’t
Excluded content waste time on these
paragraphs!
• Partial Par 4: Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34)
• Par 6: Mutual funds and co‐operative entities
• Partial of "Other comprehensive income definition":
(c) Gains or losses from translating the financial statements of foreign
operations
(e) Gains or losses on hedging instruments
(g) Hedging instruments
(h) Forward contracts
(i) Insurance
(j) Re‐Insurance
• Partial Par 114 (iv) (2)
• Par 134 ‐ 136: Capital
• Par 136A: Puttable financial instruments
• Partial Par 138(d): Limited life entity
• Presentation and disclosure of any item excluded in other Standard
Objective of IAS 1
IAS 1.1 The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe the
basis for presentation of general‐purpose
financial statements, to ensure comparability
both with
a) the entity's financial statements of
previous periods and
b) with the financial statements of other
entities.
Objective of IAS 1
• IAS 1 sets out the overall requirements for
• the presentation of financial statements,
• guidelines for their structure and
• minimum requirements for their content.
Scope of IAS 1
• Applies to all general purpose financial
statements based on International Financial
Reporting Standards (IAS1.2)
• Standards for recognising, measuring, and
disclosing specific transactions are
addressed in other Standards and
Interpretations (IAS 1.3).
Definitions
• Let’s open our standard and look at some of
the definitions
Financial Statements – Purpose of
financial statements (IAS1.9)
• To provide information about the financial
position, financial performance, and cash flows
of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users
in making economic decisions.
Purpose of financial statements IAS1.9 (a) – (f)
assets
To meet
that cash flows liabilities
objective,
financial
statements
provide contributions by
and distributions equity
information to owners
about an
entity's: income and
expenses, including
gains and losses
Components of Financial Statements
A complete set of financial statements should include (IAS 1.10):
a) Statement of Financial Position at the end of the period,
b) Single Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive
Income for the period (or two statements: Statement of Profit and
Loss and Statement of Other Comprehensive Income)
c) Statement of changes in equity for the period
d) Statement of Cash Flows for the period, and
e) Notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and other
explanatory notes
ea) Comparative information in respect of the preceding period as
specified in paragraphs 38 and 38A; and
Components of Financial Statements – IAS
1.10 continued:
• 1.10 (f) An entity must also present a statement
of financial position as at the beginning of the
earliest comparative period when:
• an accounting policy is applied
retrospectively; or
• items are restated retrospectively; or
• when items are reclassified
Components of Financial Statements
continued:
• An entity may present a single statement of
profit or loss and other comprehensive income
OR present profit or loss section separate
(IAS1.10A)
• Principle of equal prominence (IAS 1.11) Do you
know what this mean? What can influence equal
prominence?
Components of Financial Statements –
IAS1.14
Reports that are presented
outside of the financial
statements – Including financial
reviews by management,
environmental reports, and
value added statements – are
outside the scope of IFRSs.
General Features
Fair Presentation and Compliance with IFRSs
• The financial statements must "present fairly" the financial
position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity
IAS1.15.
• Fair presentation requires the faithful representation of the
effects of transactions, other events, and conditions in
accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for
assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the
Framework IAS1.15.
• IAS 1 requires that an entity whose financial statements
comply with IFRSs make an explicit and unreserved
statement of such compliance in the notes IAS1.16.
General Features
• In extremely rare cases compliance with an IFRS requirement
would be so misleading as to conflict with the objective of
financial statements set out in “The Framework” IAS1.19
Fair Presentation and
Compliance with IFRSs
• Inappropriate accounting
policies are NOT rectified
Let met tell you
either by
about some
• disclosure of the practical examples I
accounting policies used have seen!
or
• by notes or explanatory
material IAS 1.18
General Features
Going Concern – IAS1.25‐26
• When preparing financial statements, management shall make
an assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going
concern
• If management has significant concerns about the entity's
ability to continue as a going concern, the uncertainties must
be disclosed.
• If management concludes that the entity is NOT a going
concern, the financial statements should NOT be prepared on a
going concern basis, in which case IAS 1 requires a series of
disclosures.
• Take into account all available info about the future, at least,
but not limited to 12 months from the end of the reporting
period.
General Features
Accrual Basis of Accounting IAS1.27‐28
IAS 1 requires that an entity prepare its financial statements,
except for cash flow information, using the accrual basis of
accounting look at recognition and measurement criteria
General Features
Materiality and Aggregation IAS 1.29‐31
• Each material class of similar items must be
presented separately
• Items of a dissimilar nature or function must be
presented separately unless they are immaterial
• If a line item is not individually material it is
aggregated with other items
• A specific disclosure requirement in IFRS need
not be satisfied if the information is not material
General Features
Offsetting – IAS1.32‐35
•Assets and liabilities, and
income and expenses, must
not be offset unless required
or permitted by IFRS
General Features
Frequency • A complete set of financial statements (including
comparative information) will be prepared at least
of annually.
• When an entity changes the end of its reporting
reporting period (resulting in financial statements covering
a period longer or shorter than one year) it must
disclose:
IAS1.36‐ • the reason for using a longer or shorter period,
and
37 • the fact that amounts presented in the financial
statements are not entirely comparable
General Features
Comparative Information IAS1.38‐44
• IAS 1 requires that comparative information shall be disclosed in
respect of the previous period for all amounts reported in the financial
statements, both face of financial statements and notes, unless
another Standard requires otherwise.
• IAS1.38A – 2 sets of all primary statements presented with related
notes
• If comparative amounts are changed or reclassified, various
disclosures are required.
• Refer to IAS1.40A – third statement of financial position as at the
beginning of the preceding period in the case of changes in accounting
policies and reclassifications.
General Features
Consistency of presentation – IAS1.45 ‐ 46
• An entity shall retain the presentation and classification of items
in the financial statements from one period to the next unless:
(a) it is apparent, following a significant change in the nature
of the entity’s operations or a review of its financial
statements, that another presentation or classification would
be more appropriate having regard to the criteria for the
selection and application of accounting policies in IAS 8 or
(b) an IFRS requires a change in presentation.
General Features – Structure and Content
Identification of financial statements ‐ IAS1.49‐53
• The financial statements must be clearly identified and distinguished from
other information in the same published document.
• Each financial statement and the notes must be clearly identified
• In addition the following must be displayed prominently:
• name of the reporting entity;
• whether the financial statements are of an individual entity or a group;
• The date of the end of the reporting period;
• presentation currency (as defined in IAS 21); and
• level of rounding used (thousands, millions, etc.)
Statement of Financial Position IAS1.54‐55
Refer to IAS1.54 (a) – (r) for a list of
the line items that is prescribed by
IAS 1.
Additional line items, headings and
subtotals may be presented if it is
relevant
Statement of Financial Position IAS1.54‐80A
An entity shall present a statement of financial
position, separating current and noncurrent
assets and liabilities. NB – deferred tax assets /
liabilities = always non‐current
Only if a presentation based on liquidity provides
information that is reliable and more relevant
may the current/noncurrent split be omitted
IAS1.60
Statement of Financial Position
An entity shall classify an asset as current when (IAS1.66):
• It expects to realise/consume the asset in normal operation cycle (IAS1.68),
hold asset primarily for trading, it expects to realise the asset within 12
months after reporting period, the asset is cash and cash equivalents. All
other assets = non‐current
An entity shall classify a liability as current when (IAS1.69):
• It expects to settle the liability within the entity's normal operating cycle or
due within 12 months, or those held for trading, or when the liability is due
to be settled within 12 months, or those for which the entity does NOT have
an unconditional right to defer payment beyond 12 months after reporting
period. Other liabilities are non‐current.
Statement of Financial Position
• If a liability has become payable on demand because an entity
has breached an undertaking under a long‐term loan agreement
on or before the reporting date, the liability is CURRENT, even if
the lender has agreed, after the reporting date and before the
authorization of the financial statements for issue, NOT to
demand payment as a consequence of the breach.
• However, the liability is classified as NON‐CURRENT if the lender
agreed by the reporting date to provide a period of grace ending
at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period, within
which the entity can rectify the breach and during which the
lender cannot demand immediate repayment.
• Please go and read through IAS1.74 and 75!
Statement of Financial Position – Information to be
presented either on the face or in the notes
IAS1.77 n entity shall disclose, either in the statement of
financial position or in the notes, further subclassifications
of the line items presented, classified in a manner
appropriate to the entity’s operations.
Refer to IAS1.78 for examples of sub‐classifications
Statement of Financial Position – Information to be
presented either on the face or in the notes
IAS1.79 – mandates certain disclosures for share capital
and reserves
Let’s look at DA example 3.4
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
Other
Comprehensive
Profit or Loss
Income
for that period
recognised in
that period
Total Comprehensive
income for a period
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
An entity has a choice of presenting:
a single statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income or two statements:
a statement of other
a statement of profit or loss comprehensive income that
displaying components of profit begins with profit or loss and
or loss and displays components of other
comprehensive income
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
• IAS 1.81A The statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income (statement of comprehensive
income) shall present, in addition to the profit or loss and
other comprehensive income sections:
(a) profit or loss;
(b) total other comprehensive income;
(c) comprehensive income for the period, being the total of
profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
If an entity presents a separate SPL, it does not present the
P&L section in the statement presenting comprehensive
income.
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
• IAS 1.81B states:
An entity shall present the following items, in addition to the
profit or loss and other comprehensive income sections, as
allocation of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for
the period:
(a) profit or loss for the period attributable to:
(i) non‐controlling interests, and
(ii) owners of the parent.
(b) comprehensive income for the period attributable to:
(i) non‐controlling interests, and
(ii) owners of the parent.
If profit or loss is presented in a separate statement – (a) is
presented in that statement
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
Information to be presented in the profit or loss section or statement of profit or
loss IAS1.82:
• Revenue
• Gains and losses arising from the derecognition of financial assets measured at amortised cost;
• Finance cost
• The share of the profit or loss of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity
method;
• When a financial asset is reclassified so that it is measured at fair value, any gain or loss arising from a
difference between the previous carrying amount and its fair value at the reclassification date (refer to
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments);
• A single amount for the total of discontinued operations (refer to IFRS 5 Non‐current Assets Held for
Sale and Discontinued Operations);
• Income tax expense (this line item includes only taxes that are income taxes within the scope of IAS 12
Income Taxes discussed);
• A single amount comprising the total of:
the post‐tax profit or loss of discontinued operations; and
the post‐tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on
the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the discontinued operation; and
• Profit or loss.
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
Information to be presented in the OCI
section:
• The OCI section consists of items that will NOT
subsequently be reclassified to P&L AND items that will
be reclassified to P/L when specific criteria are met
• Each item of OCI is shown net of tax (tax effect in
notes) OR gross, with a separate line item for the
income tax on the face
• Reclassification adjustments may be presented on the
face or in the notes
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
Information to be presented seperately in the statement
of profit or loss and OCI or in the notes:
• the write‐down of inventories to net realisable value, or of property,
plant and equipment to the recoverable amount, as well as the
reversal of such write‐downs;
• the restructuring of the activities of an entity and the reversal of any
provisions for the cost of restructuring;
• the disposal of property, plant and equipment;
• the disposal of investments;
• discontinued operations;
• the settlement of litigation; and
• other reversals of provisions.
Statement of Profit or Loss and other
Comprehensive Income
• No items may be presented in the statement of profit or loss
and other comprehensive income (or in the statement of
profit or loss, if separately presented) or in the notes as
‘extraordinary items’.
• Expenses recognised in profit or loss should be analysed
either by nature (raw materials, staffing costs, depreciation,
etc.) or by function (cost of sales, selling, administrative,
etc).
• If an entity categorizes by function, then additional
information on the nature of expenses – at a minimum
depreciation, amortization and employee benefits expense –
must be disclosed in the notes. IAS1.99
• Let’s look at DA example 3.5
Statement of Changes in Equity
Information to be presented in the SoCE:
‐ Total comprehensive income for the period, showing separately the total
amounts attributable to owners of the parent and to the non‐controlling
interests
‐ For each component of equity, the effects of retrospective
application/restatements (IAS8)
‐ For each component of equity, a reconciliation between opening and
closing carrying amounts disclosing changes resulting from profit or loss,
OCI and transactions with owners in their capacity as owners (issue of
shares, buy back of shares, dividends paid, transfers between reserves,
changes in ownership interests)
Statement of changes in equity
Information to be presented in the statement of
changes in equity or in the notes:
• for each component of equity an entity shall present, either
in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes, an
analysis of other comprehensive income by item
• An entity shall present, either in the statement of changes
in equity or in the notes, the amount of dividends
recognised as distributions to owners during the period, and
the related amount of dividends per share.
• Let’s look at DA example 3.6
Statement of Cash Flows
IAS 1 refers to IAS 7
Statement of Cash Flows
IAS 1 suggests that the notes should normally be presented in the
following order:
• A statement that the financial statements comply with IFRS;
• a statement in which the basis of preparation and accounting policies
are set out;
• supporting information on items that are presented in the statement of
financial position, statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income, statement of changes in equity, or statement of cash flows;
• additional information on items that are not presented in the statement
of financial position, statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income, statement of changes in equity, or statement of cash flows; and
• other disclosures, such as contingencies, commitments and disclosures
of a financial and a non‐financial nature, for example financial risk
management targets.
Notes to the Financial Statements
IAS 1 suggests that the notes should normally be presented in the
following order:
• A statement that the financial statements comply with IFRS;
• a statement in which the basis of preparation and accounting policies
are set out;
• supporting information on items that are presented in the statement of
financial position, statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income, statement of changes in equity, or statement of cash flows;
• additional information on items that are not presented in the statement
of financial position, statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income, statement of changes in equity, or statement of cash flows; and
• other disclosures, such as contingencies, commitments and disclosures
of a financial and a non‐financial nature, for example financial risk
management targets.
Notes to the Financial Statements –
accounting policies
As a minimum, disclose the following
accounting policies:
•The measurement basis used in
compilation of the financial statements
•Each specific accounting policy that is
relevant to the understanding of the
financial statements
Notes to the Financial Statements – Sources
of estimation uncertainty
IAS 1.125:
• An entity shall disclose information about the
assumptions it makes about the future, and other
major sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of
the reporting period, that have a significant risk of
resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next
financial year.
• In respect of those assets and liabilities, the notes shall
include details of their nature and carrying amount at
the end of the reporting period
Notes to the Financial Statements – Other
disclosures:
IAS1.137:
• An entity shall disclose in the notes:
(a) the amount of dividends proposed or
declared before the financial statements
were authorised for issue but not recognised
as a distribution to owners during the period,
and the related amount per share; and
(b) the amount of any cumulative
preference dividends not recognised.
Let’s take a look at Netcare’s annual financial
statements
You can now attempt the following homework,
refer to your index of questions:
GQ 4.1
GQ 4.6
GQ 4.10 – revision of principles you have covered
in prior years’ studies
‐ In the additional material on Blackboard I have
uploaded a template. You are welcome to use it.