THE SOLID STATE

Class: PU2
Assignment Code: APUC02C1
I. Answer the following questions (1 mark each)
1. Give an example for ionic solid.
2. What is the coordination number of square close packing in two
dimensional?
3. What is the arrangement of particles in CCP in three dimensional?
4. Calculate the number of particles per unit cell in simple cubic lattice.
5. What is ferromagnetism?
6. Give an example for molecular solid.
7. What is the coordination number of hexagonal close packing in two
dimensional?
8. What is the arrangement of particles in hcp in three dimensional?
9. Calculate the number of particles per unit cell in bcc lattice.
10. What is diamagnetism?
11. Give an example for covalent solid.
12. What is the coordination number of cubic close packing in three
dimensional?
13. What are F – centres?
14. Calculate the number of particles per unit cell in ccp lattice.
15. What is paramagnetism?

II. Answer the following questions (2 marks each)

16. Explain impurity defect.
17. A compound is formed by A and B. A occupies all the corners except one
and B occupies body centre. What is the formula of the compound?
18. A compound is made up of A, B and C. A forms hcp arrangement, B
occupies 1/8th of tetrahedral voids and C occupies 1/5th of octahedral voids.
What is the formula of the compound?
19. Explain metal deficiency defect.
20. Explain Schottky defect.
21. A compound is formed by C and D. C occupies all the corners and D
occupies all the faces except two. What is the formula of the compound?
22. A compound is made up of A and B. A forms ccp arrangement and B
occupies 1/3rd of tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound?
23. Explain p – type semiconductors.
24. Explain Frenkel defect.
25. A compound is made up of E, F and G. E occupies all the corners, F occupies
body centre and G occupies all the faces. What is the formula of the
compound?
26. A compound is made up of A and B. A forms ccp arrangement and B
occupies all the tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound?
27. Explain n – type semiconductors.

III. Answer the following questions (3 marks each)

28. Calculate packing efficiency in BCC lattice.
29. Explain the following terms
a) antiferromagnetism.
b) ferrimagnetism.
c) Metal excess defect.
30. Silver forms ccp arrangement and X – ray studies of its crystals show that
the edge length of its unit cell is 408pm. Calculate the density of silver.
(atomic mass of silver is 107.9u).
31. An element forms ccp lattice. If the radius of an atom of an element A is
150pm, calculate its edge length and also calculate the volume of unit cell.
32. Calculate the packing efficiency in FCC lattice.
33. Explain band theory of conduction of electricity in metals.
34. X – ray diffraction studies show that copper crystallises in an fcc unit cell
with cell edge 3.6 X 10 –8 cm. The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3. Calculate
the atomic mass of copper.
35. Explain the following terms
i) Primitive unit cell
ii) Centred unit cell
iii) Bravais lattice.
36. Calculate the packing efficiency in simple cubic lattice.
37. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula Ni 0.98O1.0. What fractions
of nickel exist as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions?
38. An element has a bcc structure with edge length 288pm. The density of the
element is 7.2g/cm3. How many atoms are present in 208g of the element?
39. Write any three differences between crystalline solids and amorphous
solids.