-Reviewers for the First Week of 2nd Quarter-

English (Listening Strategies)

Listening comprehension involves a lot more than simply understanding the
vocabulary and expressions used. We listen with a clear purpose. Students must use
strategies that make them active, not passive, listeners. Students who use before-,
during- and after-listening strategies develop skills that enable them to monitor their
own metacognitive processes.

LISTENING STRATEGIES
1. TOP-DOWN LISTENING STRATEGIES - focuses on content. Students can predict the content of
listening activity beforehand and use various materials such as pictures and key words to understand the
meaning. It includes Listening for the main idea, Predicting, Drawing inferences
and summarizing.
Top-down Listening Activities includes:
a. Putting a series of pictures or sequence of events in order.
b. Listening to a conversation and identify where they take place.
c. Reading information about a topic then listening to find whether the same points are mentioned.
d. Inferring the relationship between the people involved.

2. BOTTOM-UP LISTENING STRATEGIES - they are text based. The listener relies on the language in
the message (sounds, words, and grammar that creates meaning).
It is a strategy to know about details and segments. It concentrates on forms and structure. Thus, the activity
is more related with academic study. Dictation and listening tests are included in this. In class, ‘fill in the
blank/s activity can increase students’ awareness of forms.
Bottom-up Strategies include:
a. Listening for specific details
b. Recognizing cognates
c. Recognizing word-order pattern

3. METACOGNITIVE LISTENING STRATEGIES - In general, metacognition is thinking about

thinking. Metacognitive Listening Strategies is an action that the learner deliberately takes to enhance
comprehension and oversee and regulate the listening process.
They include actions such as: planning, monitoring, evaluation, and problem solving.

MODEL HOW TO USE THE STRATEGIES

Here are instructions for nine active listening strategies.

Before-Listening Strategies
1. Connect
Help yourself better understand a listening assignment by thinking of things you already know about a topic.
This helps your mind build connections between what you know and new information you will hear.

2. Predict
Make guesses about what you may learn as you listen. Guessing helps your brain focus on the assignment. It
doesn’t matter if your guesses are right or wrong.

3. Talk About New Words

If there is a list of preselected vocabulary words from the assignment, go through the list and think about
what you know about them. If you don’t know the words, talk about them with a friend or use a free audio
dictionary.
During-Listening Strategies
4. Listen for Answers
As you listen, be ready for answers to questions you have. To identify questions to ask, preview activities you
need to complete after you listen or turn the title of an assignment into a question. Looking for answers to
questions gives you a reason to listen and keeps your mind active and alert.

5. Take Notes
Write notes that help you remember ideas. Outlining and layering information is always a good idea but try
other imaginative ways of taking notes: Use connected circles and shapes, create a chart, or draw a map. Use
abbreviations and symbols that help you keep up with the speaker’s rate of speech. Speakers also convey
ideas in nonverbal ways. Pay attention to intonation, and if applicable, facial expressions, to take notes on a
speaker’s opinions and outlooks.

6. Re-listen/Find a Fix
When you get bored or when ideas are hard, you need to find a way to get back on track. The best way to fix
things is to re-listen. You don’t have to wait until the end to re-listen. Sometimes a quick backtracking and re-
listening to a line or two can quickly clear up confusion. This is especially important at the beginning of an
audio assignment.

After-Listening Strategies
7. Respond
What do you agree and disagree with? What parts do you like best? What parts are confusing? Use symbols,
such an exclamation mark (!) before an idea you like or an “X” next to something you disagree with, that help
you quickly write your reactions so you won’t forget them.

8. Summarize
Read your lecture notes several times before and after class all week. In your head, summarize what the
assignment was about and test yourself on your notes. Occasionally, you will be asked to write a formal
summary. You will read your summary aloud or make a recording of it.

9. Extend
Read and listen to other sources for more information about the topic. Learning more information makes a
topic more meaningful and interesting, especially if you share these ideas with others.

7 TYPES OF ACTIVITIES FOR LISTENING WITH A PURPOSE

1. Listening for the Main Idea
The purpose of this type of listening is to train students to grasp the main points or general information
presented in the audio. Students often get stuck on a detail, a word or phrase they don’t understand and fail to
see the bigger picture. It is important to clarify that students are not expected to deliver details, like numbers,
names or statistics but rather express the main point in a concise manner.

2. Listening for Detail

Here, the purpose is to train students to grasp specific information, details that are relevant, important, or
necessary. The goal is to help students obtain the detailed information they may need like hours, dates,
names, etc.…

3. Listening for a Sequence

Quite often, students receive instructions in English, information they will need to act on or orders they will
need to follow. It is vital that they get the order right, that they understand the sequence correctly and what
each step entails.

4. Listening for Specific Vocabulary

Listening activities offer great opportunities to teach new words or review vocabulary previously taught.
Here, the purpose is to identify and remember a series of words, which are usually easily categorized, like
types of food, sports, animals, etc.…

5. Listening for Cultural Interest

With a carefully selected listening activity, you also have the opportunity to teach students about a special
holiday or tradition that is popular with another culture. The purpose is to expose the class to this cultural
aspect through a listening activity.

6. Listening for Attitude and Opinions

Sometimes students must listen for what someone is really saying, not what they’re literally saying, but what
they mean. Attitudes, opinions, and feelings can all be conveyed in varying degrees from strong disagreement
to mild criticism. Advanced students should be able to discern different attitudes and positions, as well as
identify how the speaker feels.

7. Listening for Functional Language

Very often, we teach functional language in the classroom, expressions students can use to accept/decline
invitations, give suggestions, give advice, etc.… The purpose is to show students how these expressions are
used in a conversation.

Filipino (Bulong at Awiting Bayan ng Visayas)

Ang Kabisayaan ay nagtataglay ng makulay at mayamang kultura’t tradisyon na lalo pang pinaniningning ng
mga katutubong panitikan. Sa ariling ito ay bibigyang-pansin at itatampok ang mga awiting-bayang Bisaya o
Visayan folksongs at mga bulong sa Bisaya.

Ang pasalindilang panitikan ay naging laganap sa panahon ng ating mga ninuno bago pa man ang pananakop
ng mga Espanyol. Ito ang mga panitikang pinalaganap sa pamamagitan ng pagpapasalin-salin ng pasalitang
tradisyon mula sa iba’t ibang henerasyon. Ang ilan sa mga uri ng panitikang lumaganap sa pamamagitan ng
pasalindilang pamamaraan ay ang mga salawikain, sawikain, bugtong, awiting-bayan at mga bulong.

AWITING BAYAN
Ang awiting-bayan ay nagsimula bilang mga tulang may sukat at tugma subalit kalauna’y nilapatan ng himig
upang maihayag nang pakanta.
Sa ganitong paraan ay higit na naging madali ang pagtanda o pagmemorya sa mga awiting ito. Hindi man
nasusulat ay sa isip at puso naman ng mga mamamayan nanahan at naisatitik ang mga awit kaya naman
maituturing na walang kamatayan ang mga ito.

Ang awiting-bayan na tinatawag ding kantahing-bayan ay isa sa mga uri ng sinaunang panitikang Pilipino na
naging popular bago pa man dumating ang mga Espanyol. Ang awiting-bayan ay nasa anyong patula na
inaawit at karaniwang binubuo ng labindalawang pantig sa bawat taludtod.

MGA URI NG AWITING-BAYAN

1. Balitaw- ito’y mga awit ng pag-ibig na ginagamit sa paghaharana ng mga Bisaya.
2. Kundiman – ito naman ang bersiyon ng mga awit ng pag-ibig sa mga Tagalog.
3. Dalit – awit na panrelihiyon o himno ng pagkadakila sa Maykapal.
4. Diyona – awitin sa panahon ng pamamanhikan o sa kasal.
5. Dung-aw – awit sa patay ng mga Ilokano.
6. Kutang-kutang – mga awiting karaniwang inaawit sa mga lansangan.
7. Kumintang – awit ng pakikidigma o pakikipaglaban.
8. Soliranin – awit sa paggagaod o pamamangka.
9. Pangangaluwa – awit sa araw ng mga patay ng mga Tagalog.
10. Maluway – awit sa sama-samang paggawa.
11. Oyayi o Hele – awiting panghele o pampatulog ng bata at tinatawag na lullaby sa Ingles.
12. Sambotani – Awit ng pagtatagumpay.

MGA HALIMBAWA NG AWITING-BAYAN

1. Lawiswis Kawayan – Awiting-bayan mula sa Samar Leyte.
2. Dandansoy – Awiting-bayan mula sa Negros Occidental.
3. Ay Kalisud – Awiting-bayan ng mga Ilonggo.
4. Ili-ili Tulog Anay – Oyayi ng mga Ilonggo.

BULONG
Ang bulong ay isang matandang katawagan sa ORASYON ng mga sinaunang tao sa kapuluan ng Pilipinas.

Ito rin ay ginagamit ng mga matatanda upang makapagbigay galang o pagpasintabi sa mga
bagay o pook tulad ng malalaking puno, sapa, dagat, ilog, punso at iba pang pinaniniwalaang
tirahan ng mga lamang lupa, masamang Espiritu o maligno. Ito ay binubuo ng ilang taludtod at
ginagamit upang hingan ng paumanhin ang mga lamang lupa.

MGA HALIMBAWA NG BULONG

1. Kapag ikaw ay nasa gubat habang naglalakad bumubulong ng ganito:
“Tabi, tabi po apo, baka po kayo mabunggo.”
2. Kung nangangahoy sa gubat upang hindi mamatanda ay bumibigkas ng bulong bilang
paghingi ng paumanhin gaya ng:
“Aming pinutol lamang, ang sa aming napag-utusan.”
3. May bulong rin ang ating matatanda kung nabubungian ng ngipin at humihingi ng panibagong ngipin at
ito’y ihahagis sabay ang bulong na:
“Dagang malaki, dagang maliit, heto na ang ngipin kong sira at pangit. Bigyan mo ng
bagong kapalit.”

MAPEH (Music of Cordillera)

CORDILLERA
The region is known for its best and unique bamboo musical instruments that are used in celebrating
gatherings, festivals, rituals, and ceremonies. The highlights of the life of people in their places are reflected
in their music.

CORDILLERA Geographical Location

- is located at the highest and largest mountain range in the Philippines.
Abra, Kalinga, Apayao, Mt. Province, Benguet, Baguio City, Ifugao

Ethno-linguistic groups of Cordillera people are:

1. Kankanaey (Kankanai)
2. Ibaloy
3. Bontok
4. Kalinga
5. Isneg
6. Itneg
7. Ifugao
8. Kalanguya
9. Iwak
10. Ga’dang

MUSIC OF CORDILLERA
In the highlands of Luzon, music is very much part of their life and daily living. Most songs are
performed by group during different occasions such as life events, occupational activities and various ritual.
Some of Its Purposes are for: Worship, Celebrating Triumphs, Thanksgiving, etc.

Who lives in Cordillera? Kalingas, Ifugaos, Igorots

Music of Cordillera may be categorized into:

A. Vocal Music
- Owiwi (Kalinga) – a lullaby that relates a child’s life.
- Dagdagay (Kalinga) – infancy-related songs that foretell the baby’s future.
- Oppia (Kalinga) – infancy-related songs sung while cradling.
- Langan bata-bata (Tausug) – infancy-related songs.
- Bua (Subannen) – infancy-related songs.
- Kawayanna (Kalinga) – infancy-related songs.
- Hudhud (Ifugao) – chanted poetry which is recited and chanted only during four occasions:
Harvesting of rice, wedding, funeral wakes, bone- washing (bogwa)
Themes are about celebrations of the Ifugao heroes, heroines, wealth, and culture.

Characteristics of Vocal Music:

1. Melismatic –a vocal passage which has one syllable sung against several note passages.
2. Free Meter – musical without time signature.

“Hudhud ni Aligayon” Hudhud chants of the Ifugao

Background:
Hudhud is a long tale chanted during harvest or special occasions. The tale of Hudhud Aliguyon is about the
heroism of two warriors who later became good friends.
- Chanted epic from Cordillera Region (Ifugao)
- usually led by WOMEN
- about honor, heroism, love and marriage, and revenge

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF CORDILLERA

1. Tongatong is a bamboo percussion instrument used by the people of Kalinga to communicate with spirits
during house blessings. It is made of bamboo cut in various lengths.
2. Gangsa is a single hand-held smooth-surfaced gong with a narrow rim. A set of gangsa, which is played
one gong per musician, consists of gangsa tuned to different notes, depending on regional or local cultural
preferences.
a. Gangsa Toppaya – the instrument is played with hand while in sitting position with single gansa
resting on the the lap of each musician.
b. Gangsa Palook or Gangsa Pattung –the gangsa is suspended from the musician’s left hand and
played with a padded stick held in the musician’s right hand.
3. Saggeypo – is a bamboo pipe that is closed on one end by a node with the open end held against the lower
lip of the player as he blows directly across the top. The pipe can be played individually by one person or in
ensembles of three or more.
4. Kullitong – Polychordal bamboo tube zither
5. Bungkakan – Bamboo buzzer
6. Ulibaw – Bamboo jaw’s harp
7. Patangguk – Bamboo quill-shaped tube
8. Pateteg – Bamboo leg xylophone
9. Paldong – Bamboo lip-valley flute
10. Tongali – Bamboo nose flute

Vocal Ensemble with Instrumental Accompaniment

- Vocal ensemble is performed during courtship usually in song debate form accompanied by
different instruments such as: the kuglong, which is a 2-stringed lute, and the saluroy (polychordal zither)

- Vocal ensemble is performed during courtship usually in song-debate form accompanied by different
instruments.
1. Antang (Manobo) – match-making.
2. Sindaay, tarasul (Tausug) – greetings and advice during weddings.
3. Tamuyong, dango, oggayam – greetings and advice during Kalinga wedding.
4. Salidummay, and dangdayang-ay – entertainment.

Araling Panlipunan (Konsepto ng Kabihasnan at mga Katangian Nito)

Kabihasnan - Unang panahon
Lungsod - Kasalukuyan, Napa-unlad na
- Nagsilbing modelo sa pagtatag at pamamalakad na lipunan mula sa sinaunang panahon hanggang sa
kasalukuyan.

Sibilisasyon
● Sibilisado - pag ang isang indibidwal ay namumuhay sa lungsod.
● Hindi Sibilisado - pag hindi namumuhay sa lungsod ang isang indibidwal.
Bihasa - nasanay nang gawin ang isang bagay.

Mga Katangian Ng Kabihasnan:

Maunlad Na Kasanayang Teknikal
Mayroong kasanayan sa gawain na ito:
- Pagsasaka
- Paghahayupan
- Pag-Iimbak Ng Pagkain
- Paglikha Ng Kagamitan
- Paggawa Ng Tanso At Bakal
- Paglikha Ng Mga Sandata
- Paggawa Ng Mga Dike At Kanal

Matatag Na Pamahalaan At Sistema Ng Batas

Isang organisasyon na may awtoridad na gumagawa at nagpapatupad ng batas:
- Pagtukoy Sa Mga Suliranin
- Pagpaplano Ng Solusyon Sa Mga Problema
- Gawain Sa Lipunan
- Karapatang Pantao
- Pagpapatupad Sa Mga Bansa
- Pagtatayo Ng Mga Lungsod-Estado

Mga Dalubhasang Manggagawa

Mga manggagawang eksperto at may maunlad na kaalaman sa kani-kanilang ginagawa:
- Mga Artisano
- Mga Mangangalakal

Maunlad Na Kaisipan
May angking talino o kaisipan:
- Natutukoy Ang Panahon Ng Pagbaha
- May Konsepto Ng Petsa
- Gumagamit Nang Lunar Calendar
- May Pilosopiya At Relihiyon
- May Sistema Ng Pagsulat

Sistema Ng Pagsulat At Pagtatala

- Nakapagtala Ng Batas At Buwis