BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (ELE290)

CHAPTER 3

THREE PHASE SYSTEM

SUZIANA BINTI OMAR

i. Fundamental concepts of three-
phase circuits
 INTRODUCTION
 Almost all electric power generation and transmission in the world
today is in the form of three-phase AC circuits.

 3 phase AC circuit consists of 3-phase generators, transmission

lines and loads

 AC power systems have a great advantage over DC systems in

that their voltage levels can be changed with transformers to
reduce transmission losses.

 Two major advantages 3 phase AC power system over single

phase AC power system are :
 It is possible to get more power per kilogram of metal from a 3
phase machine
 The power delivered to a 3 phase load is constant at all times
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Slide 4
THREE PHASE CIRCUIT
A three-phase system is produced by a generator consisting of three
sources having the same amplitude and frequency but out of phase
with each other by 120◦.

 4 wires
 3 “active” phases, A, B, C
 1 “ground”, or “neutral”
 Color Code
 Phase A Red
 Phase B Yellow
 Phase C Blue
 Neutral White or Gray
PHASE SEQUENCE
a-b-c sequence or a-c-b sequence or
positive sequence. negative sequence.

When rotor rotates When rotor rotates When rotor rotates When rotor rotates

clockwise counterclockwise clockwise counterclockwise

ii. Voltage and current in three phase
circuit: star and delta connections.
Slide
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Slide 9
Slide
10
Positive Sequence, a-b-c

Slide
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**Negative sequence, a-c-b
Slide
13
I line:

Ic

ICA
30o
IAB

30o
30o
Ib
IBC Ia
Positive Sequence, a-b-c
Y connection  connection
(Voltage), V (Current), I (Voltage), V (Current), I
Phase line Phase line Phase line Phase line
Van Vab
Vbn Vbc
Vcn Vca

Negative Sequence, a-c-b

Y connection  connection
(Voltage), V (Current), I (Voltage), V (Current), I
Phase line Phase line Phase line Phase line
Van Vac
Vcn Vcb Slide
15
Vbn Vba
Relationships of the Line and Phase Voltage/Current

Reminder:
Term:
i)Single phase/in phase
Vp=Vᵠ or Ip=Iᵠ

ii)Three phase/Line to Line/Line

VLL=V3ᵠ=VL or ILL=I3ᵠ=IL
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iii. Power relationships, calculation
and measurement of power.
Slide
18
iv. Balanced three-phase system
 BALANCE THREE PHASE SYSTEM
Balanced 3 - phase systems can be considered as 3 equal single phase
voltage sources connected either as Wye (Y) or Delta () to 3 single three
loads connected as either Y or 

SOURCE CONNECTIONS LOAD CONNECTIONS

Y connected source Y connected load

 connected source  connected load

Y-Y Y- -Y -

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Balanced 3-phase systems
Balanced Y-Y Connection
Ia A
a
Van
+
 ZY
In
n N
Vcn
Ib ZY ZY
c Vbn B C
b Ic

Balanced Y- Connection

Ia
a
Van A
+

Z Z
n
Vcn
Ib IAB Z ICA
B C
c Vbn 21
b Ic IBC
Balanced 3-phase systems
Balanced  -Y Connection
Ia
A
a

Vca Vab
N

Ib ZY ZY


+
c Vbc B C
Ic

Balanced  - Connection
Ia

Vca Vab Z

Ib IAB Z ICA
B

+

c Vbc 22
b Ic IBC
EXAMPLE 1

Slide
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Solution:

Slide
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 EXAMPLE 2

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SOLUTION
i) Iac  1030 A ii) Ia  3I  30
Iac  I0  3(10)  30  30
I 
Iac  17.320 A
10
1030 Ic  3I 150
  3(10)  150  30
10
 1030  17.32  120 A
Icb  I 120 Ib  3I  270
 10  120  30  3(10)  270  30
 10  90 A  17.32  240 A
Iba  I  240
 10  240  30
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 10  210 A
 EX.1 Jan 2018

EX.2 June 2018

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3

Slide
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Slide
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Slide
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Slide
31
 EX.3 Dec 2018

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 EX.4

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