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Journal -1

Introduction & Thesis

The Red Summer Riots of 1919 refers to the hot summers of the mentioned year when minor

racial tensions between White and Black Americans turned into riots and violence. The incident

is marked by several conflicts including bloodshed in different states of America. The incident

just happened when the American soldiers came back home after the First World War and found

another bloody violence waiting for them at home. This journal argues that the Red Summer riots

of 1919 has a significant connection to the end of the first World war, where post-war factors

contributed to the initiation of riots. This paper also aims to explore the four major groups, racial,

military, laborer, and political groups causing the riots and serving in racial tension. It is also

discussed that trivial incidents and racial tensions have turned into massive violence.
Works Cited

Broussard, Albert S. “New Perspectives on Lynching, Race Riots, and Mob Violence.” Journal

of American Ethnic History, vol. 30, no. 3, 2011, pp. 71–75.,

https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.30.3.0071.

Johnson, Marilynn S., and Jan Voogd. “Race Riots and Resistance: The Red Summer of 1919.”

The Journal of American History, vol. 96, no. 1, 2009, p. 256.,

https://doi.org/10.2307/27694831.

Waxman, Olivia B. “'It Just Goes On and On': How the Race Riots of 1919's 'Red Summer'

Helped Shape a Century of American History.” Time.com, 29 July 2019,

https://doi.org/137778460.

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