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Module 4 MC MTB MLEOCC Content Pedagogy.
Module 4 MC MTB MLEOCC Content Pedagogy.
Module 4 MC MTB MLEOCC Content Pedagogy.
I. Title
After completing this module, the student is expected to understand and get familiar with the different strategies in
teaching the macro skills in mother tongue.
III. Introduction
The two end goals of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education are lifelong learning and communicative
competence. With the utilization of this native language which language is familiar to the learners, these goals appear to
be easily achievable. However, some teachers who have been assigned to teach the mother tongue are hesitant to
handle the subject because they lack the confidence due to their incompetence in the language as well as the dearth of
trainings in the use of the language.
In teaching the mother tongue, the initial focus from Grades 1 to 3, is the development of literacy and numeracy skills
and the learning of concepts about the language, skills and competence which will later on be transferred in the learning
of the second language (Filipino and English). As learning progresses, these macro skills - listening, speaking, reading,
writing and viewing spiral across grade levels and across languages. The ultimate goal is communicative competence in
both oral and written discourse in the three languages.
IV. Discussion
⚫Lawton define teaching strategy as a generalized plan for a lesson(s) which include structure desired learner
behavior in terms of goals of instructions and an outline of planned tactics necessary to implement the strategy.
⚫Mackenzie defined the terms strategy and teaching separately. For him, “Teaching refers to a system of actions
involving an agent, a situation, an end-in-view and two sets of factors in the situation-one set over which the agent has
no control and one set which the agent can modify with respect to the end in view. Controlling factors constitute the
means by which goals are achieved. These means are of two types: (1) material means i.e. subject matter, teaching
material and teaching aids; and (2) procedural means the ways of manipulation and implementation of the material
means.
⚫B.O Smith defined it as a pattern of acts that severs to attain certain outcomes and to guard against certain others.
Here we can find out the uses of strategy: (1) to ensure that learning will occur in as brief a time as possible. (2) to
induce students to engage in exchange of ideas. (3) to minimize the chance of wrong responses in learning concepts,
principles or facts. (4) to ensure the attainment of defined instructional objectives.
1. Listening - This basic skill is about hearing and perceiving other people's opinions, and absorbing facts and emotional
intelligence derived from the spoken word. However, not every person must hear to listen. For example, deaf people
can use sign language or lip-reading to "listen", and they can, in their own way, be excellent listeners. Without good
listening skills, it can be difficult to get a grasp of new topics; building meaningful relationships can also be problematic.
In fact, listening well is one of the main components of a healthy relationship; both people need to remain committed to
listening to their partner.
2. Speaking - Speech is a vital form of self-expression; it is also an important tool for survival. For example, speech can be
used to indicate danger, or to defend against threats. The power of the spoken word is extreme - one only needs to look
at a political rally, and watch the crowd cheer or chant in unison to see what a rousing speech can accomplish. However,
again, people who cannot technically speak, such as brilliant scientist Steven Hawking, find other ways to communicate
their ideas. Speech is all about communicating thoughts to other people.
3. Reading - Literacy is the key to social progress; without the reading skills needed to get an education, citizens will lag
behind. Many people still struggle with illiteracy or learning disorders, such as dyslexia; however, there are excellent
new methods for tackling these issues. Reading is truly the fundamental skill of knowledge. Whether a blind person
reads braille, or a child reads a picture book with simple words, both are experiencing a profound educational tool.
4. Writing - Writing is another fundamental tool for expression ideas, facts and figures. Cursive writing and printing are
important methods, but both are slowly being replaced by typing, since the world has become centered around
electronics, computer keyboards, and texting devices.
5. Viewing - Viewing is an active process of attending and comprehending visual media, such as television, advertising
images, films, diagrams, symbols, photographs, videos, drama, drawings, sculpture and paintings. Viewing is important
because as students are dealing with mainly multimodal texts they need to understand them and to become more
effective, active and critical viewers to be able to participate fully in society. Viewing helps students develop the
knowledge and skills to analyse and evaluate visual texts and multimodal texts that use visuals. Viewing also helps
students acquire information and appreciate ideas and experiences visually communicated by others.
Listening and viewing are essential in comprehending and appreciating multimodal texts. Listening is one of the major
skills in language acquisition. Learning to listen to the target language improves language ability. The sound, rhythm,
intonation, and stress of the language can only be perfectly adapted through listening (Renukadevi, 2014). While,
viewing is defined as an active process of attending and comprehending visual media. Viewing helps students develop
the knowledge and skills to analyze and evaluate visual and multimodal texts.
An early view of listening saw it as the mastery of discrete skills or micro skills. A skills approach on the other hand
focused on the development of such things as: discriminating sounds and words, especially phonemic contrasts,
deducing the meaning of unfamiliar words, predicting content, noting contradictions, inadequate information,
ambiguities, and differentiating between fact and opinion. Applied linguists theorized bottom-up and top-down models
of processing to explain the nature of listening. We can see here the importance of prior knowledge in comprehension.
Bottom-up processing helps students recognize lexical and pronunciation features to understand the text. Because of
their direct focus on language forms at the word and sentence levels, bottom-up exercises are particularly beneficial for
lower level
students who need to expand their language repertoire. As they become more aware of linguistic features of the input,
the speed and accuracy of perceiving and processing aural input will increase.
Top-down processing relies on prior knowledge and experiences to build the meaning of a listening text using the
information provided by sounds and words. To arrive at a meeting of a text, the listener draws on personal knowledge of
the context, topic, speakers, situation, and the world, matching it to the aural input. The table below list some skills for
each approach:
⚫Distinguish individual sounds, word boundaries, and ⚫Listening for gist, main ideas, topic, and setting of the
stressed syllables text
Understanding the viewing process is as important as understanding the listening and reading
process. Effective and active viewers ask these questions:
⚫What is the text representing?
⚫What is the purpose of the text?
⚫To whom is the text directed?
⚫How is the text constructed?
⚫What assumptions, interests, beliefs, and values are portrayed by the text?
⚫What is my reaction to the text? What causes this reaction?
2. During Viewing. Students view the visual text to understand the message by seeking and
checking understanding, making connections, making and confirming predictions and inferences,
interpreting and summarizing, pausing and reviewing, and analyzing and evaluating.
⚫Opportunities should be provided for students to carry out a range of functions (tasks)
necessary for dealing with others in the target culture.
⚫The development of accuracy should be encouraged in proficiency-oriented instruction. As
learners produce language, various forms of instructions and evaluative feedback can be useful in
facilitating the progression of their skills toward more precise and coherent language use.
⚫Cultural understanding must be promoted in various ways so that students are sensitive to
other cultures and prepared to live more harmoniously in the target language community.
⚫Both accuracy and fluency are a primary goal with a greater tolerance of errors.
⚫Oral proficiency is viewed as dependent upon mastery of lexical phases and conversational
routines.
⚫Hedge (2000) expressed that fluency is the ability to answer coherently by connecting the words
and phrases, pronouncing the sounds clearly, and using stress and intonation.
⚫The second characteristic of speaking performance is accuracy. Learners should pay enough
attention to the exactness and the completeness of language form when speaking such as focusing
on grammatical structures, vocabulary, and pronunciation (Mazouzi, 2013). To gain accuracy in
terms of vocabulary means to select suitable words in the suitable contexts.
Those are the fundamentals of reading that you always need to remember when you prepare a
lesson on reading; this list is consistent with the language domains and competencies in the Mother
Tongue curriculum.
Matrix of the Three Approaches for the Teaching of Reading
Whole Language
⚫Reading aloud where students are given the chance
to hear students stories, poems, songs, chants, and other
texts read aloud, with opportunities to chime in words or
lines are repeated.
⚫Shared reading involves the students in reading.
Teacher may ask these questions after reading: Did you
like the story? What was your favorite part? Who was
your favorite character? Do you want to read it again? Do
you want to see the pictures again?
⚫Guided reading allows teachers to work with small
groups of children who are at the same reading level,
providing support or scaffolding while they read.
⚫Independent reading encourages students to read
independently and motivates them to read a variety of
texts.
5. Phonetic Writing
The child writes words using letters to represent each sound that is heard. The words make sense and
may be used for writing longer texts.
6. Conventional Writing
The child focuses on a topic and uses close-to-correct copy. The writing demonstrates an emerging voice
of the writer.
Here are some instructional strategies that you can use in teaching writing in the Mother Tongue
for your young learners:
1. Students will draw pictures of familiar people. Then, the students will explain the picture to the
class.
2. The teacher will choose an interesting topic and embed the teaching of writing into related art.
The teacher will start drawing some parts of an object and the student will be asked to complete the
drawing.
3. The teacher will teach the letter of the alphabet. One letter will be taught per day.
6. Students will make an autograph book at the end of the school year.
NOTE:
⚫No Application and Assessment parts for this Module.
⚫Read, analyze and understand the different strategies presented/discussed in this Module, and
these will serve as inputs in lesson/instructional plan preparation.
V. References:
Textbook:
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Guide for Teacher Educators and Students,
Lorimar Publishing 2016, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Online:
http://studylecturenotes.com/what-is-teaching-strategy-definition-meaning/
https://www.onestopenglish.com/professional-development/advancing- learning-the-fifth-skill-
viewing/557577.article
https://science.blurtit.com/2920524/what-are-the-five-macro-skills
https://k12.thoughtfullearning.com/teachersguide/writing-spot- assessment/stages-emergent-
writing
B. How many require additional activities for remediation? Did the remedial lessons work? How
many were able to catch up with the lesson? How many require continuous remediation?
D. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor can help me solve?
E. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?
Some Tips in Developing a Lesson Plan
It will be helpful to keep this tips in mind to further improve your lesson plan.
1. Be familiar with the different instructional models in social studies. The format of your
procedures will greatly depend on the instructional model that you will use.
2. Use an outline in your lesson plan. Refrain from writing long narratives and utilize differences in
font size and types to make a reader-friendly plan.
3. Indicate the time allotment for every activity to help you manage the schedule and maximize
students’ time for learning.
4. Provide clear transitions from one sub-topic to another. This will aid students in understanding
the interconnectedness of the concepts and ideas.
5. Include a variety of activities and minimize teacher talk to sustain students’ attention. Also, every
activity should be processed afterward with the students so that they will see its relevance in the
learning process.
NOTES:
1. For application and assessment parts of this module, you are going to develop a lesson plan in
Mother Tongue as a subject.
3. Use yellow pad paper in writing your lesson plans and fasten in a green long folder. Do not write
anything on the folder, instead an inside cover page, in which format will be shared thru GC.
4. Date of submission of hard copy lesson plans will be announced thru the GC.
5. Lesson Plan Template, Sample MTB Lesson Plan and Curriculum Guides will be sent thru GC.
VI. References:
Textbook:
Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education: Guide for Teacher Educators and Students,
Lorimar Publishing 2016, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines