Statistics and

Probability
Task 9
 • Task 9

Subject
Matter
Task 9
Number 1
• An observation was made for two days. If on the first day, 31 samples
were obtained with a standard deviation of 5. Meanwhile, on the
second day, 25 samples were obtained with a standard deviation of 3.
If the observer says that the first and second days have the same
varieties, determine whether the statement is true or not. Use a
significance level of 2%!
Number 2
• A store got 500 orders in 2021. Based on the data provided, the store
owner wants to test whether the number of orders is a random
variable with a Poisson spread of μ=3. Help the shop owner solve the
problem. Use α=0.1!

Bulan 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
f 16 33 51 76 93 111 55 25 13 8 6 8 5

• f: frequency of observations
Number 3
• The Central Bureau of Statistics wants to know the public's response
to the recent rise in cases of Covid-19 variants by size: not worrying,
worrying enough, worrying, and very worried. If a survey of 1000
residents from 4 cities is carried out. Determine whether the level of
concern of the population and the location of residence influence
each other? Use α=0.1!
A B C D
Not worried 105 252 108 99
Worried 53 63 55 76
Worried enough 22 32 33 21
Very worried 20 22 21 18
 Task 9
(Solution)
Number 1
• 𝑛1 = 31 → ν1 = 30
• 𝑛2 = 25 → ν2 = 24
• 𝑠1 = 5 → 𝑠12 = 25
• 𝑠2 = 3 → 𝑠22 = 9
• 𝐻0 : 𝜎12 = 𝜎22
• 𝐻1 : 𝜎12 ≠ 𝜎22
• 𝛼 = 2%
• Two-tailed test: 𝛼 2 = 1%
Number 1
• 𝑓0.5𝛼 𝜈1 ,𝜈2 = 𝑓0.01 30,24 = 2.56
1
• 𝑓1−0.5𝛼 𝜈1 ,𝜈2 =
𝑓0.01 𝜈2 ,𝜈1
1 1
• 𝑓0.99 30,24 = = = 0.40
𝑓0.01 24,30 2.47
• Critical areas: 𝑓 < 0.40 or 𝑓 > 2.56
𝑠12 25
•𝑓= = = 2.78
𝑠22 9
• Because 𝑓 > 2.56, then 𝐻0 is rejected, i.e. the first and second days
don’t have the same varieties
Number 2
• 𝐻0 : random variables are following Poisson’s distribution
• 𝐻1 : random variables aren’t following Poisson’s distribution
i oi CDF Poisson PMF Poisson ei oi-ei (oi-ei)2 (oi-ei)2/ei
0 16 0.050 0.0498 24.8935 -8.8935 -8.8935 79.0950 3.1773
1 33 0.1991 0.1494 74.6806 -41.6806 -41.6806 1737.2726 23.2627
2 51 0.4232 0.2240 112.0209 -61.0209 -61.0209 3723.5507 33.2398
3 76 0.6472 0.2240 112.0209 -36.0209 -36.0209 1297.5055 11.5827
4 93 0.8153 0.1680 84.0157 8.9843 8.9843 80.7180 0.9607
5 111 0.9161 0.1008 50.4094 60.5906 60.5906 3671.2200 72.8281
6 55 0.9665 0.0504 25.2047 29.7953 29.7953 887.7597 35.2220
7 25 0.9881 0.0216 10.8020 14.1980 14.1980 201.5828 18.6616
8 13 0.9962 0.0081 4.0508 8.9492 8.9492 80.0890 19.7714
9 8 0.9989 0.0027 1.3503 6.6497 6.6497 44.2191 32.7488
10 6 0.9997 0.0008 0.4051 5.5949 5.5949 31.3032 77.2774
11 8 0.9999 0.0002 0.1105 7.8895
12.8619 165.4286 1197.9426
12 5 1.0000 0.0001 0.0276 4.9724
Total 500 1526.6751
Number 2
• Poisson's PMF value comes
from Ms. Excel's calculation
for the Poisson distribution
"POISSON.DIST(x,mean,false)"
with μ=3 or based on
available tables.
• If 𝑒𝑖 < 5, it is necessary to add
the value of the nearby 𝑒𝑖
until the value is at least 5.
Number 2
• Since there are 𝑒𝑖 combined, the degree of
freedom is reduced from:
ν = 13 − 1 = 12 → ν = 8 − 1 = 𝟕
• 𝛼 = 0.1
• χ2α = χ20.1 = 12.017
• Because χ2 = 1526.6751>χ2α = χ20.1 = 12.017,
then 𝐻0 is rejected, i.e. that random variables
aren't following Poisson's distribution.
Number 3
• 𝐻0 : The degree of concern of the population and their place of
residence does not affect each other (Mutual freeness)
• 𝐻1 : The degree of concern of the population and their place of
residence affects each other (Events are not mutually free)
• 𝛼 = 0.1 Observed frequency (oi)
A B C D Row Total
Not worried 105 252 108 99 564
Worried 53 63 55 76 247
Worried enough 22 32 33 21 108
Very worried 20 22 21 18 81
Column total 200 369 217 214 1000
Number 3
(𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙)×(𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙)
• 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
• For example, data on residents who are not worried in city A
200×564
o 𝑒𝑖 = = 112.800 ≈ 113
1000

Expected frequency (oi)

A B C D Row Total
Not worried 113 208 122 121 564
Worried 49 91 54 53 247
Worried enough 22 40 23 23 108
Very worried 16 30 18 17 81
Column total 200 369 217 214 1000
Number 3
• For example, data on residents who are not worried in city A
o 𝑜𝑖 = 105
o 𝑒𝑖 = 113
(𝑜𝑖 −𝑒𝑖 )2 105−113 2
o = ≈ 0.539
𝑒𝑖 113
Observed frequency (oi)
A B C D Row Total
Not worried 0.539 9.254 1.691 3.900 15.384
Worried 0.262 8.690 0.037 10.132 19.121
Worried enough 0.007 1.547 3.903 0.193 5.650
Very worried 0.891 2.082 0.667 0.026 3.666
Column total 1.700 21.573 6.298 14.251 43.821
Number 3
• 𝜈 = 𝑟−1 𝑐−1 = 4−1 4−1 =9
• χ2α = χ20.1 = 14.684
• Conclusion:
o Because χ2 = 43.821>χ2α = χ20.1 = 14.684,
then 𝐻0 is rejected, i.e. that the degree of
concern of the population and their place of
residence affects each other.