The following script is in its original format, with two versions of the script (one for each guide).

The script was written in this way so that each guide would listen to the other and pay attention to the audiences responses Please see the Introduction For Leaders at the beginning of the script for more information.

Tunnels and Other Tales: A Walking Tour of the Phantoms and Fables of Nazareth
Guide for Tour Leaders
Introduction for Leaders As one writer put it, Legends are stories built out of details magnified out of proportion with their origins. Legends are believable, if largely untrue or unverifiable. Myths, on the other hand, are fictional tales about people who never lived or events that could never happen. A fine distinction, but an important one, especially in Nazareth. Nazareth abounds in stories, based on the presence of physical reality. The oft-told stories of many of these realities do not match the written record that we, as an historical society, use to tell our stories. People in Nazareth are not hallucinating, they just do not always understand what it is they are seeing. These misunderstandings, coupled with imaginative possibilities, have created a series of urban legends about Nazareth. Residents seem to enjoy these stories, and tell them to friends and relatives. The stories spread, and in the retelling, become real to the narrator. In many ways Nazareths urban legends are as much a part of its history as anything. They reveal much about modern Nazareth and its residents. In creating this tour, the Society was careful to select those stories which seem to have a life of their own. While many new and fanciful stories have recently been recounted to us, they seem to be a recent vintage and we did not want to perpetuate them (just in case they were about to die of a natural cause, silence). Along with those old standards we have added some interesting and enjoyable stories connected with the

history of town. Together with stories recorded by John Jordan, in Memories of Old Nazareth, we have woven together a tour of Nazareths most notorious and neglected histories. Guide-lines Tours such as this one are full of difficulties. The nature of urban legends lies somewhere between fact and fiction, with fiction often being more attractive than the fact. A tour that sells itself on peoples fascination with urban legends and intending to challenge them with new research can set itself up for confrontation rather than enjoyment and education. A historical society offering such a tour also runs the risk of affirming urban legends just by mentioning them or through a misunderstood explanation. With those pitfalls in mind, the tour will be split between two guides working together. One guide will state the historic record (GUIDE 1) and one will relate the urban legend or tale (GUIDE 2). Hearing the same type of information from one person will help people differentiate fact from fiction in a more recognizable way. However, this will not remove all possible apprehension and disagreement. Someone may decide not to agree with you (and in the end, it is an individuals choice to change his or her mind or not). You are not there to argue for change. If anyone persists in disagreeing, then ask them to speak to either Sue or Mark. Finally, the script presented below is a guideline for you to follow. You are welcome to use your own words, but using the same factual information. The quoted stories may be told verbatim or in condensed (Readers Digest version) form. Starting at the Kern House GUIDE 2

GUIDE 1 This evening we will be taking you on a walking tour of Nazareths most popular stories and Urban Legends. Some are rooted in fact and some are simply fun. All of them contain kernels of truth and this evening we hope to discover some of them together.

At circle GUIDE 1 George Whitefield, an Anglican minister, had purchased 5,000 acres in the Forks of the Delaware intending to open a school for slaves. In the spring of 1740 he hired a group of Moravians, a small protestant denomination, to supervise the construction of the school (today that building is called the Whitefield House, in honor of its most famous owner). After financial troubles and a falling out with the Moravians, Whitefield was forced to sell the land. Moravians in England purchased it, and sent word to the Moravians in America that they now owned the land they had left and to go back. Which they did, and Nazareth became the seat of their agricultural pursuits. In 1740 physical Nazareth was the Whitefield House, Gray Cottage and First House. By 1745 it had grown to include a farm and trade buildings. Until 1771 Nazareth was located just east of here around the Whitefield House and just south of there. In 1771 Nazareth was expanded, and New Nazareth (the area around the circle and extending up Main Street and across Center Street) was laid out. GUIDE 2 GUIDE 1 Moravians were not fond of using crosses. They did not wear them (as we do today on necklaces, pins, earrings, etc) or decorate their churches with them. So why does Nazareth have a crossed-shaped center? A Polish Moravian named George Golkowski surveyed New Nazareth, as this side of town was first known. Using his compass (which still exists in the collection of the Moravian Historical Society at the Whitefield House), he laid out the streets along two line: east-west and north-south. Which is why Main and Center Streets cross here at the circle.

Stop in Front of the Manor House (Nazareth Hall) GUIDE 1 This building, originally known as the Manor House, was built for the Moravian leader Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf. Zinzendorf was a Saxon nobleman who was in the market for a new home. Because Nazareth came with English Baronial rights, they decided to build the counts new home here. When finished, it was (and still is) the largest singlefamily residence built in Colonial America (bigger than the Governors palace in Williamsburg, VA). The Moravians established several schools in America in Colonial times, including schools for girls. Among those schools was Nazareth Hall Academy, later known as Nazareth Hall Military Academy. Originally established in 1743 in the Gray Cottage, the school moved to the Manor House in 1759, where it remained until its close in 1929. GUIDE 2

West Corner of Manor House GUIDE 1 Just up that hill is the Moravian cemetery, which was known as Gods Acre. In the 18th and 19th centuries Nazareth Moravians buried their loved ones in a rather unusual way. Bodies were brought to the corpse house (situated in the center of the Craft shop parking lot) where they were prepared for burial. The congregation would assemble wearing their best clothes. They would march the coffin up to the Gods Acre, accompanied by the sounds of a trombone choir. At that time the Gods Acre was not laid out according to families, but choirs, which were divisions along gender, age and marital statues that the Moravians used. All the single women were buried together, all the single men, married women, married men and so on. But this was not the first Gods Acre in Nazareth. Originally located next to where the Holy Family cemetery is today, the spot is marked by a monument and a structure known as the Indian Tower. GUIDE 2 GUIDE 1
Indians did live in the Nazareth area before the Moravians came. Their village was called Welegameka, and was located roughly across from the borough park. But their burial ground was closer to the village. The Indian Tower marks the site of the first Moravian burial ground in Nazareth. There are four Indians buried there, all children. They were Christian Indians, their families having been converted by the Moravians. In the 19th century the site of the first Gods Acre was a popular picnic area for Nazareth residents. With its cool and breezy outlook on the Lehigh Valley, people spent summer days there relaxing. The monument was erected in 1867 and the tower was built in 1916. The monument lists all the Moravians buried there. The tower, originally known as the Observatory, was built to offer a better view of the Lehigh Valley.

At Monument GUIDE 1 Many changes occurred at the school during the years of the Civil War. The school became a military academy, introducing the military discipline as a form of physical education. The school also saw some of its alumni join and fight in the Civil War. Since the school attracted people from all over America, there were boys here from Northern and Southern states. Nazareth Hall was one of the few schools to have students on both sides of the war. GUIDE 2 GUIDE 1 The monument does not sit atop any graves. Its special purpose is to commemorate those students who fought in the Civil War. In honoring all of its students it is one of the few to include both Northern and Southern soldiers on the same monument. The monument was erected in 1868, after a very difficult adventure with the stones. Having reached Bath via the railroad: Men and horses were in waiting to receive and convey the ponderous freight five miles across country. The horses had been volunteered by farmers in the neighborhood of Nazareth, and Mr. Samuel Knecht . . . was entrusted with the general management of the novel transportation. In the absence of necessary appliances, great difficulty was experienced in handling the large stones, and it was late in the afternoon of the 29th (of May) when the first consignment was despatched by the Lower Bath road to Nazareth. This was the granite base, weighing six and a half tons, suspended by tacking from a four-wheeled marble truck of five tons additional weight, drawn by seventeen horses, two

abreast. Owing to previous rains, the condition of the road was unusually bad for the time of year, so that, after proceeding but a short distance, it was found necessary to attach two more horses. The wheels, notwithstanding, several times stuck so deep in the mud that the horses came to a stand-still, broke the chain-traces in their endeavors to despair of ever accomplishing the task they had undertaken. On several occasions, also, an upset was imminent; and while crossing the stone bridge over the brook at Christian Spring the truck collided with the masonry on one side, tearing it completely away. At Bath crowds of farmers and quarrymen had collected to witness the arrival of the train; and at intervals along the route the rustic population in groups watched the laborious progress of the big wagon with deepest interest. Before attempting the ascent of the hill near Nazareth, four fresh horses were impressed, and at last, at eight P.M., the imposing and unprecedented equestrian display reached its destination amid the acclamations of upward of fifteen hundred spectators, who had assembled in the course of the afternoon. The rest was easier, but there was some discussion of the base of the monument: As the liberality of citizens of Nazareth had provided for the grading and general improvement of the plot, and a foundation for the structure had been laid in November of the previous year, there was no delay in [the monuments] erection, and the work was finished in the 4th of June.

To the Sisters House GUIDE 1 In 1771, when Nazareth was reorganized, new living spaces had to be found or built. To accommodate the single sisters choir, the Single Sisters House was built in 1784. Unmarried Moravian women lived and worked here. GUIDE 2 GUIDE 1 However, there was a case involving a brother, a sister and the house on Jacobsburg Road. In 1815 it was found that Rebecca Benade and John Hoeber were expecting a child. The Benade Family including Rebecca, her parents and two sisters left the Nazareth congregation altogether. They moved into the Asylum, where a daughter was born. John was sent to Philadelphia. The Asylum was built by Matthew Alleman, Mrs. Benades father, around 1800.

To South Main Street GUIDE 1 South Main Street has some of the oldest buildings in Nazareth (talk briefly about them). GUIDE 2 GUIDE 1 Now, if you still want to believe in the tunnels turn back now and well meet you on the circle in a few moment. For the rest of you, the tunnels pose a real problem in verifying, besides which not every part of the story makes historical sense. During the period of Indian threat Nazareth was east of here, the Whitefield House and the farm. There was no Main street or circle, which was not laid out until 1771, when all the Indians from this area had moved north or gone to Ohio. Further, there is no mention of such a large building project in Nazareth as digging tunnels. The Moravian diaries are totally silent on something that would have taken a large workforce and time to complete. The later possibilities of their being used on the Underground Railroad or as bootleggers stashes are impossible to determine since those were illegal activities that did not generate much paperwork. No one is said to have been in the tunnels in years. Most people only speak of second and third hand knowledge of the tunnels. There are some architectural details that should be looked at. Some of the evidence for the tunnels come from bricked up sections in basements. Many of those bricked up spaces, which face the street, are not what they seem. While they have been said to be tunnel entrances, they are most likely coal chutes, which were covered over when coal furnaces were removed. The most compelling features in local basement are the taller bricked archways that are the north and south walls of each building. They do resemble sealed doorways. They are the right height to be a doorway. But looks can be deceiving. If youll notice the placement of many of the chimneys in

Nazareth, they are the north and south sides. Supports for the heavy, often brick, chimneys were arched in the basement, saving time and material, but maintaining their strength. Often those arches were used as shelving units or were bricked over. The oft-mentioned sealed tunnel entrances are really just filledin chimney arch supports. The story of people going through multiple doorways and passages in order to tend furnaces and plumbing is closer to what does exist in the basements of Nazareth buildings. In walls that are shared by two buildings, there was often a door, which connected the basements so that people could tend to different utilities. Another basement feature that is often though to be a tunnel entrance, because they also have brick arches and closed portholes are cisterns. With the introduction of indoor plumbing, houses no longer need storage facilities for water. Many of the access points were closed off, and have since been construed as tunnel entryways.

South End of Circle GUIDE 1 We have spent this evening walking around a Nazareth that is both familiar and foreign. We hope that you have seen a different side of what makes Nazareth unique. GUIDE 2

Tunnels and Other Tales: A Walking Tour of the Phantoms and Fables of Nazareth
Guide for Tour Leaders
Introduction for Leaders As one writer put it, Legends are stories built out of details magnified out of proportion with their origins. Legends are believable, if largely untrue or unverifiable. Myths, on the other hand, are fictional tales about people who never lived or events that could never happen. A fine distinction, but an important one, especially in Nazareth. Nazareth abounds in stories, based on the presence of physical reality. The oft-told stories of many of these realities do not match the written record that we, as an historical society, use to tell our stories. People in Nazareth are not hallucinating, they just do not always understand what it is they are seeing. These misunderstandings, coupled with imaginative possibilities, have created a series of urban legends about Nazareth. Residents seem to enjoy these stories, and tell them to friends and relatives. The stories spread, and in the retelling, become real to the narrator. In many ways Nazareths urban legends are as much a part of its history as anything. They reveal much about modern Nazareth and its residents. In creating this tour, the Society was careful to select those stories which seem to have a life of their own. While many new and fanciful stories have recently been recounted to us, they seem to be a recent vintage and we did not want to perpetuate them (just in case they were about to die of a natural cause, silence). Along with those old standards we have added

some interesting and enjoyable stories connected with the history of town. Together with stories recorded by John Jordan, in Memories of Old Nazareth, we have woven together a tour of Nazareths most notorious and neglected histories. Guide-lines Tours such as this one are full of difficulties. The nature of urban legends lies somewhere between fact and fiction, with fiction often being more attractive than the fact. A tour that sells itself on peoples fascination with urban legends and intending to challenge them with new research can set itself up for confrontation rather than enjoyment and education. A historical society offering such a tour also runs the risk of affirming urban legends just by mentioning them or through a misunderstood explanation. With those pitfalls in mind, the tour will be split between two guides working together. One guide will state the historic record (GUIDE 1) and one will relate the urban legend or tale (GUIDE 2). Hearing the same type of information from one person will help people differentiate fact from fiction in a more recognizable way. However, this will not remove all possible apprehension and disagreement. Someone may decide not to agree with you (and in the end, it is an individuals choice to change his or her mind or not). You are not there to argue for change. If anyone persists in disagreeing, then ask them to speak to either Sue or Mark. Finally, the script presented below is a guideline for you to follow. You are welcome to use your own words, but using the same factual information. The quoted stories may be told verbatim or in condensed (Readers Digest version) form.

Starting at Kern House GUIDE 2 Good evening. My name is your name here. And this is GUIDE 1S name here. Were pleased so many have joined us this evening. In 1894, John Jordan, a Philadelphia Moravian and one-time president of the Moravian Historical Society, recorded that, There are many houses in the vicinity of Nazareth which were said to be infested with spooks. Sometimes the wide throated chimney would send smoke and soot into the kitchen when everything was otherwise quiet both inside and outside. Sometimes, after the doors had been securely fastened for the night, they would be found unlatched or open. The traditional horse shoe, nailed over the door, would be applied as remedy against intrusion of these unseen spooks, but that often failed to stop the occurrences. Among some of the people living near the mountains, a piece of silver attached to a woolen string, carried around the neck next to the skin, was considered sufficient protection against many evils. To assert that there is not a strain of superstition running through our natures, and to a greater or lesser degree controlling our thoughts and governing our actions, would be to deny what has been recognized through all ages of the world. We know that no supernatural agencies can exist, but nevertheless feel some trepidation when we are faced with the same surroundings, and as we listen to the stories told about them, and look for haunted places. These come from the misty past and their recollection is difficult to remove, either by education or by prejudice. GUIDE 1

At Circle GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 People who have looked at the circle and the layout of Main and Center Streets have said it is in the shape of a cross. Nazareth was a Moravian town, which meant that you had to belong to the congregation in order to live in town. Since everything about the Moravians life was centered on their religion, it has been said that the circle was laid out as a cross in honor of Jesus Christ. (you can see the two streets intersecting through the circle making a perfect cross). GUIDE 1

Stop in Front of the Manor House (Nazareth Hall) on Center St. GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 Naturally, with so many young men and boys at the school, there were plenty of nights spent telling tales and scaring one another. There was a particularly real scare that kept many of the boys inside. It was said that: One cloudy afternoon in late autumn of 1815, as a number of boys from Nazareth Hall were playing at one of the round places in the Woods, they were suddenly startled by the sound of suppressed moans. Hurriedly gathering around their teachers, William H. Van Vleck and Samuel Reinke, they told what had alarmed them and asked for some explanations. The weird sounds continued, and the boys were led back to Nazareth Hall, where their adventures became the theme of much speculation. A few weeks afterward, the same sounds were heard again, and caused so much excitement that a careful investigation was considered necessary. The brothers, William H. and Charles A. Van Vleck, along with Samual Reinke, made frequent visits to the place, but without finding any solution to the mystery. One day, Brother William H. Van Vleck was returning from a walking tour to Christians Spring, going the long was over the hills instead of by the road, and passed through the Woods. On nearing the place where the mysterious sounds had come from, he was startled by hearing a succession of low and prolonged moans, evidently from overhead. A partial search revealed nothing, and hastening to Nazareth Hall he told his colleagues what had happened. They agreed to return with him to the place at once.

When they reached their destination, the same weird moans were heard. Charles Van Vleck, who had been intently scrutinizing the trees over their heads, solved the mystery. He found that some of the limbs of two old oak trees were touching each other; and when the wind put them in motion, they made the weird moans which had startled the boys. It was furthermore observed that when the wind was from the east, the moanings were more pronounced and prolonged.

West Corner of Manor House GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 The Indian Tower is supposedly named so because it was the site of an Indian graveyard. It has also been said that the tower was built by the Indians as a lookout. GUIDE 1

At Monument GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 It has been said that the mound beneath the monument is where the men listed on the monument are buried. GUIDE 1

To the Sisters House GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 On Jacobsburg Road, there is a large three story stone house, which has recently been purchased and renovated. According to some local residents that building served as a kind of Moravian half-way house for pregnant and troubled sisters. Any woman who had gotten herself into trouble would go there to seek comfort and help. Some have said that it was built by the Moravians for this purpose and some have said that it was built by a former Moravian to help those who had been evicted. One 19th-century Historian says that this was an asylum for Moravian couples who had been secretly dating and planned to marry without the churchs consent. GUIDE 1

To South Main Street GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 One of the more interesting architectural features according to local residents are the tunnels that are said to run beneath town, connecting buildings on each side of the street, with one tunnel running from one side to the other. Originally said to have been created to protect from Indian attacks, the tunnels are also said to have housed runaway slaves escaping on the Underground Railroad and stock for bootleggers during Prohibition. The tunnels are said to still exist, though their entrances have long since been sealed. Local residents remember two distinct types of tunnels. One set seems to be rather straightforward and leads from building to building. The other remembers a parade of doors and passageways. GUIDE 1

South End of Circle GUIDE 1 GUIDE 2 Before we leave this evening, we would like to share one more story with you. One about a misunderstood ghost. One night, one of the men who could frequently be found at the taproom of the [Nazareth] Inn, who lived out along the Moore Township road, was on his way home after having spent more time than usual over the flowing bowl of ale. And a short distance from where you turn in to Lund Springs, he discovered a white object making great efforts to get away from him but failing in every attempt. Hurrying back to the Inn, he told what he had seen and persuaded some of his companions to examine with him the strange phenomenon. With many misgivings, they approached the place and the white object was seen. One man, bolder than the rest, went near enough to find that it was sheep from one of the farmers of Nazareth Hall, with its head caught in the fence and unable to escape. The first man never heard the last of the teasing and ridicule heaped upon him. Yet more than one of his friends could not be induced to pass through the woods which lined the road along the hill on a dark night. Thank you and good night.