EE357: Power Transmission and

Distribution

Farhan Mahmood, PhD

Department of Electrical Engineering
UET, Lahore

May 23, 2016

Outline

• Transmission line as two-port Network

• Numerical Problems
• Equivalent-π Model

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Transmission Line as a two-port Network

• A transmission line can be represented by a two-port network.

• In a two-port network, the input voltage and input current can be expressed in terms
of output voltage and output current.

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Transmission Line as a two-port Network

• For a short transmission line,

On comparison,

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Transmission Line as a two-port Network

• For nominal-π model of medium transmission line,

On comparison,

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Transmission Line as a two-port Network

• For exact model of long transmission line,

On comparison,

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Transmission Line as a two-port Network

• For a two-port network,

• If the receiving-end of the line is open-circuited, IR = 0,

• If the receiving-end of the line is short-circuited, VR = 0,

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Numerical Problem 1

• A 3-phase, 100-km long, 50-Hz transmission line has following line constants:
Resistance/phase/km = 0.1 Ω
Reactance/phase/km = 0.5 Ω
Susceptance/phase/km = 10 × 10−6 S
If the line supplies a load of 20 MW at 0.9 p.f. lagging at 66 kV at the receiving
end, calculate by nominal-π method:
a) Sending end power factor
b) Voltage regulation
c) Transmission efficiency

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Numerical Problem 2

• A 3-phase, 60 Hz, 230 mi (370 km) long transmission line has following
parameters:
Impedance/phase/km = 0.8431∟79.04⁰ Ω/mi
Admittance/phase/km = 5.105×10-6∟90⁰ S/mi
The load on the line is 125 MW at 215 kV with unity power factor. Using exact
model of long transmission line, calculate:
a) Sending end voltage
b) Sending end current
c) Sending end power
d) Voltage regulation

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Solution

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Evaluation of ABCD Constants for Exact Model

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Evaluation of ABCD Constants for Exact Model

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Solution

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Solution

VR cos hγl IR ZC sin hγl

VR
IR cos hγl sin hγl

ZC

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Solution

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Equivalent-π Model

• It has been mentioned previously that for lengths more than 250 km, the parameters
are considered to be distributed.
• The nominal-π circuit do not represent the lines exactly because they do not account
for the parameters of the lines being uniformly distributed.
• A long transmission line can also represented by an equivalent circuit called
equivalent-π model.

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Equivalent-π Model

• The ABCD parameters of the equivalent-π circuit, which has the same structure as
the nominal-π, are:

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Equivalent-π Model

• On comparing constant B:

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Equivalent-π Model

• On comparing constant A:

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Equivalent-π Model

• On comparing constant A:

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Equivalent-π Model

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Numerical Problem

• A 3-phase, 60 Hz, 765 kV, 300-km long completely transposed line has the
following impedance and admittance:
z = 0.3310 ∟87.14⁰ Ω/km
y = j 4.674 x 10-6 S/km
Assuming positive-sequence operation,
(a) Calculate the exact ABCD parameters of the line. Compare the exact B
parameter with that of the nominal-π circuit.
(b) Compare the equivalent and nominal-π circuits for the line.

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Solution

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Solution

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Assignment: Equivalent-T Model

• Repeat the same procedure and determine the

parameters for equivalent-T model.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION