Activity 4

As preparation for our last lecture, create a table (in any orientation you deem necessary
(portrait or landscape)) that presents the different types of chromatography together with the
principle of operation, their respective stationery, and mobile phases, and lastly their
field/laboratory applications.

Type Principle of Operation Stationary Mobile Application

Phase Phase

Adsorption The principle of this Absorbent Fluid Used in drug and

chromatography is the food testing like
Chromatography separation of the creating vaccines
components in a mix and identification of
based on the different carbohydrates.
levels of absorption of
these components in the
stationary phase.

Paper The most soluble Solid Fluid or Paper

Chromatography substances move further (cellulose) Gas chromatography is
on the filter paper than the performed to detect
least soluble substances. the purity of various
Different plant pigments pharmaceutical
can be separated by using products. It can also
the technique of paper be employed to
chromatography. detect contamination
in various samples,
like food and
beverages.
 Gas The separation of the Solid or Gas Applications of Gas
Chromatography components of a mixture Liquid (Helium chromatography is a
result from the support or argon) physical separation
distribution of the solutes method in which
between two immiscible volatile mixtures are
liquids. One liquid is separated. It can be
immobilized in the pores used in many
of solid support and acts different fields such
as the stationary phase as pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, and even
environmental
toxins

Column Column chromatography Cellulose, Liquid Column

Chromatography is the separation technique Silica chromatography is
where the components in a routinely used for
mixture are separated on the separation of
the basis of their impurities and
differential adsorption purification of
with the stationary phase, various biological
resulting in them moving mixtures. This
at different speeds when technique can also
passed through a column. be used for the
It is a solid-liquid isolation of active
chromatography technique molecules and
in which the stationary metabolites from
phase is a solid & mobile various samples.
phase is a liquid or gas.

Flash Flash chromatography is a Solid Liquid Flash

chromatography separation technique chromatography is
where smaller sizes of gel used as a rapid and
particles are used as more efficient
stationary phase, and method of separation
pressurized gas is used to of components of
drive the solvent through different mixtures.
the column.
Liquid Liquid chromatography is Cellulose Liquid Liquid
Chromatography a separation technique or Silica chromatography is
where the mobile phase an effective method
used is liquid, and the for the separation of
separation can take place a colored solution as
either in a column or a they form two
plain surface. separate bands after
separation.
It can be used for the
separation of solid
molecules that are
insoluble in water.

Affinity Affinity chromatography Substrate/ Liquid Affinity

Chromatography is a separation technique Ligand chromatography is
where the components of used as a staple
a mixture are separated separation technique
based on their affinity from enzymes and
towards the stationary other proteins. This
phase of the system. principle is also
applied in the in
vitro antigen-
antibody reactions.

Anion Exchange Anion exchange Positive Negative Anion exchange

Chromatography chromatography is the charges charges chromatography is
separation technique for used to separate
negatively charged proteins and amino
molecules by their acids from their
interaction with the mixtures. Negatively
positively charged charged nucleic
stationary phase in the acids can be
form of ion-exchange separated, which
resin. helps in further
analysis of the
nucleic acids.
 Cation Exchange Anion exchange Negative Positive The separation of
Chromatography chromatography is the charges charges positively charged
separation technique for lanthanide ions
positively charged obtained from the
molecules by their earth’s crust. The
interaction with negatively determination of
charged stationary phase total dissolved salts
in the form of ion- in natural waters by
exchange resin. analyzing the
presence of calcium
ions.

Reference
14 Types of Chromatography (Definition, Principle, Steps, Uses) (microbenotes.com)