Key to Chemistry Pai Q.20. Why are some hydrocarbons called saturated and others unsaturate: type of reactions are characteristics of them? EB Saturated Hydrocarbons: If all the valencies of the carbon atoms in a molecule are fully satisfied and these cannot further take up any more hydrogen or other atom then this compound is named as saturated hydrocarbon. Type of Reactions: Saturated hydrocarbons give substitution reactions. ¢.g., 450°C CH4 + HNO; ——> CH; -— NO; +20 substitutional product Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: If in the compounds of carbon and hydrogen all the four valencies of carbon atom are not fully utilized and they contain either a double or a triple bond then these are called as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Types of Reactions: Unsaturated hydrocarbons give addition reactions. e.g., CH: = CH + HCl ——> CHs~CH2~ Cl addition product Q.21 (a) Describe methods for the preparation of ethyne. (b) How does ethyne react with: (i) Hydrogen (ii) Halogen acid (iii) Alkaline KMnOy (iv) 10% H2SOs in the presence of HgSOx (v) Ammonical cuprous chloride (©) Mention some important uses of methane, ethene and ethyne. Consult the book. (b) @) Hydrogen: Ni CH = CH + Hz ——> CH2 = CH2 Ni CH2 + H2 ——> CH; ~ CH3 250°C CH:ICH.8] Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (ii) (iv) ) wi) (©) Halogen: cho oN CH+Ch ——>» C=C Alkaline KMnOg: OH OH KMn0, | = CH + 2H20 + 2[0] ——> CH -CH OH OH OH OH | ano 210) CH-CH —> CH-CH ==> HO-C-C-OH | | Il mae Ill OH OH OH OH 00 (oxalic acid) 10% HSO, in the presence of HgSO4: OH Hgso« | CH +H-OH ——> CH=CH 180+ OH ° | | CH) =CH —~ CH;-C-H (acetaldehyde) Ammonical cuprous chloride: “+ 2NHsOH ——> Cu-C=C~-Cu+2NHACl+2H20 Bromine water with: Ch CH + Bry ——> CHBr = CHBr + Bry ——> CHBr = CHBr2 Consult the book.