a SOLID AND HAZARDOUS __ WASTES‘s . - é ~ aaa x Zi What is solid waste? * It isdefined as any discarded materials that is abandoned by being disposed of,burned, or recycled. A solid waste can physically be a solid, liquid,semi- solid or a gaseous material. Solid waste is too much everywhere and it is toic and it hurts our health and environment. Landfills pollute air and water with potentially toxic chemicals.= = + Solid waste management remains a major challenge in the Philippines especially in urban areas like Manila. Improper waste disposal, inefficient waste collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in the country’s solid waste management. Republic Act'No. 9003 otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, enacted on January 26, 2001, aims to address the gfoWing problem of solid wastes in the country. It provides the legal Pipi cca SIS aeons systematib, comprehensive, and’@Saloniedesotia waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment. It also provides for the necessary institutional mechanisms with the creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) which shall oversee the implementation of solid waste, management plans and prescribe policies as well as incentives to achieve objectives of the Act.* Currently about 35,000 tons of municipal solid waste are generated by the Philippines daily, and more than 8,600 tons per day.in-Metro Manila alone. A sizable proportion of the refuse is openly burned;.further worsening the quality of the city's already heavily polluted air./WNaste Sources * Solid wastes are generated from residential, commercial, industrial and institutional sources. Residential wastes accounts for more than half (57%) of the total solid wastes (e.g. kitchen scraps, yard waste, paper and _ cardbourds, glass bottles, etc.) Wastes from sommercial sources, which include. commercial establishments and public/private markets, accounts for 27 percent. Waste from institutional sources such as governme! “offices, educational and or i a accounts for about 12 percent while the § _ 1 4 percentis waste coming from the facturing sector (NSWMC) « =e ns r— EE = Waste Composition + The-country’s solid wastes typically contain . | _ More organic components than other = materials. According to NSWMC, disposed waste is dominated by biodegradable waste with 52 percent, followed by recyclable h accounts for 28 percent and & percent. Biodegradable wastes come mostly from foo iz igi a while reeyelak le waste g wast oie aathe Fant et ~~ shares of biode+ | A 9 Waste Generation + The Philippines’ waste generation continues to rise with the increase in population, improvement of living standards, rapid economic growth, and industrialization especially in the urban areas. The NSWMC calculated that from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012, the country’s waste generation steadily increased to 40,087.45 tons in 2016 with an-estimated average per capital waste generation of 0.40 kilograms per day for both urban and rural. The National Capital Region (NCR), as expected, generated the biggest volume of wastes forthe past five years due to its population size, bigger number of establishments and modernized lifestyle. With an estimated population of 12 million people, Metropolitan Manila generated 9212.92 tons per day of w: * Common waste of Filipinos are lack of political will and an addiction to single use plastic sachets. Masses of plastic trash swirling in. waterways, garbage on the drainage canals and huge stinking dump'sites are among the most visible manifestations of the waste’crisis in the Philippines. ~ DS)= Se eS SS HAZARDOUS WASTE m the past to the present, waste has been intertwined with uman society, and this will undoubtedly continue in the future. People must manage the garbage that is generated. To date, waste disposal into the neighboring community has been the norm, with little regard for the environment. To safeguard the earth for future generations, waste must be properly managed. + Waste is generated in response to the continuation of life and is proportionally tied to human activities such as agriculture, industry, residential, institutional, municipal, commercial, mining, tecreation, and others. This problem is rapidly worsening and posing a threat to the community.i = ESS SS jain sources of hazardous material buildup are the fast ncement of the industry and technology. Nuclear plications have advanced in recent years, and several nuclear power stations have begun operations around the world. Due to nuclear accidents, which pose major difficulties to biological systems, the potential impact of discharged radioactive pollutants into the environment has gotten‘a lot of attention « Hazardous wastes include industrial, hospital, and some types of domestic wastes that may include dangerous compounds. These wastes could be-combustible, corrosive, explosive, or react with other compounds when exposed to them. Some hazardous wastes ‘are extremely harmful-to humans, animals, and plants.in the environment.4 Ee Asa result, managing the ever-increasing volumes of these wastes has become critical. Inadequate waste management resulted in contamination of the environment, including water, _ soil, dnd'the-atmosphere, as well as a significant impact on : ; public health. The direct ‘health effects of waste mishandling are well-known, and they may be seen clearly in developing countries. : ay == S&S. ae Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes * Toxicity ° Reactivity ¢ Ignitability ¢ CorrosivityFF FFF FFF FFTs Prescribed Hazardous Wastes CLASS Plating wastes (Waste with cyanide) Acid wastes Alkali wastes Wastes with Inorganic Chemical Reactive Chemical Wastes Paints/Resins/Latices/Inks/Dyes.... Waste Organic Solvents Putrescible/Organic Wastes Oil Containers Immobilized Wastes Organic Chemicals Miscellaneous Wastes WASTE NUMBER A101 B201 to B299 C101 to C399 D401 to D499 E501 to E599 F601 to F699 G703 to G704 H801 to H802 1101 J201 K301 to K303 L401 to L499 M501 to M504_ —— — — ‘SYMBOLS WITH ACCOMPANYING LABEL | |MINERAL RESOURCES AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARDSMINERAL RESOURCES In? THE PHILIPPINES ¢ The Philippines' mineral wealth is linked to its placement on the western outskirts of the Pacific Ring of Fire. In terms of mineralization, we are the world's fifth most mineralized country. * Around 9 million hectares out of a total of 30 million hectares are thought to have significant metallic mineral resources. Mineral reserves in the country are estimated to be over 14.5 billion metric tons of metallic minerals. pa, »’ Wwe.* Gold, copper, nickel, and silver are only a few of the significant metallic minerals found in abundance throughout the country. The Baguio and Mankayan districts in the province of Benguet are the most prolific copper and gold producers in the Philippines, however the Surigao-Davao regions also contribute significantly to gold production. Palawan and Surigao are the two biggest nickel producers.THE METALLIC MINERALS * Metallic minerals are those containing one or more metals. In general, they exist as mineral deposits and are excellent conductors of heat and electricity, such as iron, copper, gold, bauxite, and manganese. They are malleable and ductile, they may readily be hammered into thin sheets or stretched into wires to create new items. They are most commonly found in igneous rocks generated by the cooling and solidification of lava or magma. Because metallic minerals are often hard and have a gleaming surface, certain of them can be utilized as jewels in jewelry. 6 0 hheaeante om &THE METALLIC MINERALSEXTRACTION OF GOLD RESERVES IN ORE FORM (in Million Metric Tons) 1988-1994¢ It's a glossy silvery-white metal with a tint of gold. Nickel is a transition pualcles Rett t Moo ee mor tucmereCemeltteal (on and it belongs to the group of metals known as transition metals.CB buoseRe yon Key mente alte ttoe most valuable mineral reserves, is now unavailable for extraction. This was owing to rising production costs, which made local iron prices uncompetitive with international putas> GEOLOGIC HAZARDS * Ageologic hazard is one of several types of adverse geologic conditions capable of causing damage or loss of property and life. These hazards consist of sudden phenomena and slow phenomena: Sudden phenomena include: volcanic eruptions, lahars and ash falls. 5 TYPES OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS ¢ Earthquake Voleanic Eruption Landslides * Floods * Snow AvalanchesEARTHQUAKE * An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves, Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.VOLCANIC ERUPTION * A volcanic eruption is when lava and gas are released from a voleano—sometimes explosively. The most dangerous type of eruption is called a 'glowing avalanche! which is when freshly erupted magma flows down the sides of a volcano. They can travel quickly and reach temperatures of up to 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit. Other hazards include ash fall, and lahars (mud or debris flows). Voleanoes often cause population displacement and food shortages.LANDSLIDES + A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the §j direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. These are ¥ further subdivided by the type of geologic f material (bedrock, debris, or earth). Debris flows (commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides) and rock falls are examples of common landslide types.FLOODS + Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods can happen during heavy rains, when ocean waves come on shore, when snow melts quickly, or when dams or levees break. Damaging flooding may happen with only a few inches of water, or it may cover a house to the rooftop. Floods can occur within minutes or over a long period, and may last days, weeks, or longer. Floods are the most common and widespread of all weather-related natural disasters.SNOW AVALANCHES * Anayalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as. a hill or mountain. It can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snow pack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and earthquakes. Primarily composed of flowing snow and air, large avalanches have the capability to capture and move ice, rocks, and trees. * Avalanches occur in two general forms, or combinations thereof: slab avalanches made of tightly packed snow, triggered by a collapse of an underlying weak snow layer, and loose snow avalanches made of looser snow. After béing set off, avalanches usually accelerate rapidly and grow in.mass and volume as they capture more snow. If anayalanche moves fast enough, some of the snow may mix with the air, forming a powder snow avalanche.THANKYOU! Reporters: Balunso, Paul Bantoto, Lance Cortez, Ralfh Dela Rosa, Mika Ladesma, James