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4 - Biases of Multi-Level Governance

Sheikh Shoaib Tariq

Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages,

Islamabad

GPP 509: Multi-Level Governance

Sir Mohsin Khan
Words: 200
May 05, 2020

What are the Biases of Multilevel Governance”
Answer: There are three biases of Multilevel Governance, concentrated upon its types, briefly
described below:
Type-I
a-Intrinsic Community:
Its jurisdictions are preferred by collective self-
government and represent particular community
i.e. nation, region, religion, or any single identity.
Purposed for citizens’ preferences in output of
particular policy.
b-Voice:
Type-I jurisdictions invite conflicts in the form
of political-deliberations to exercise multi-issue
process. There is no option of exit other than
changing of region or identity. Rules and
frameworks are designed in theses jurisdictions
comprehensively.
c-Conflict Articulation:
Type-I jurisdictions are depend on negotiations
and distributional bargaining. Political
representatives exchange their favors and
therefore citizens enjoy meaningful choices
between them.
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Type-II
a-Extrinsic Community:
Its jurisdictions are fluid, based on intersecting
communities and many individuals having same
functions i.e of same professionals, landlords,
specific gender etc. Purposed to solve problems
when needed.
b-Exit:
Since, type-II jurisdictions are task-based,
therefore option of exit exists when there is no
need. These jurisdictions can be created or
destroyed as citizens are voluntary members in
its circle.
c-Conflict Avoidance:
There is not external interventions in decision
making of type-II jurisdictions because it
supports fragmentations and concentrates on
current boundaries to increase efficiency.
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References
Bache, I., & Flinders, M. (2004). Multi-Level Governance. New York: Oxford University.