Statics

Conservation laws

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 Body weight
P N
N N
T
Р
Р Р

N a 0
 
0  mg  N II.Newton's law
 
mg P  N III.Newton's law
Р  
P  mg 2
 Body weight
  
N a a  0 a  g
  
ma  mg  N II Newton's law
mg Р ma  mg  N
N  mg  a
 
P  N III Newton's law

P  mg  a
if a  g,
then P  0 !!! 3
 Body weight
  
N a  0 a  g
a   
ma  mg  N II Newton's law

mg Р ma  N  mg
N  mg  a
 
P  N III Newton's law

P  mg  a
Overload - is a phenomenon of increasing body weight.
mg  a g  a
k  - overload factor
mg g 4
Strength of elasticity

Fel

F Fel

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 Hooke's Law
F L - absolute elongation
 L
L0 Fel L0
L  - relative extension

Fel  k L
k - is the rigidity

k  N
m 6
Work done by variable force in
expanding a spring

F = -kx [Spring constant, k]

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 Stretch diagram
F
Е
D
С
В
А

0 L
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 Friction force
N
F
F

mg
The friction force acting between two bodies fixed relative
to each other is called the friction force of rest.

The greatest value of the frictional force, at which sliding

does not yet occur, is called the maximum friction force of
rest.
Fmax  N

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 Friction force
The sliding frictional force is always directed in the
opposite direction to the relative velocity of the
contacting bodies.
 
N  
N
F F
F F

mg mg

F1  F1max  N
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 Body on an inclined plane
у
   
ma  mg  N  F1...
F1 N
X : ma  mg sin   F1  ...
mgх
 У : 0  mg cos  N  ...
mgу
mg
 F1  N
х

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12
 Statics
1. The equilibrium condition of the body:
The vector sum of all external forces acting on the body must be
equal to zero.

F1
N

F2
mg
F3   
  F1  F2  F3  0
N  mg  0
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 Statics
If the body has an axis of rotation, then:

F1

0  
F1  F2
 
F2
F1  F2  0

1. conditions are not enough

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 Statics
The moment of force is a quantity equal to the product of
the modulus of force on the arm of force.

M  F d
M  N  m
F1
d1 The shoulder of force
(d) - is the shortest
d2 0
distance from the line
of action of the force to
the axis of rotation.

F2 15
 Momentum
The moment of a force
Also known as the turning effect of a force.
The moment of a force about any point is defined as:
force x perpendicular distance from the turning point to
the line of action of the force
moment = F x d
Unit: Newton-metre (Nm)
Moments can be either
CLOCKWISE or ANTICLOCKWISE.
 Statics
The moment of force is considered positive if the force
rotates the body counter-clockwise. The force moment is
considered negative if the force rotates the body
clockwise.

М1<0
F1
d1 М2>0
d2 0

F2
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 Statics
2. The equilibrium condition of the body:
The sum of the moments of forces acting on the body
must be zero.

F1
d1
d2 0 M1  M 2  0
M1  0
F2 M2  0
 F1d1  F2d2  0
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19
 Conservation laws
Pulse
Law of conservation of momentum
Power
Energy
Kinetic
Potential
Law of energy conservation

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 Pulse
   
 F Ft  P  P0
a
m  
 
   0 Ft  P
a
t
  
Ft  m  mo F t N  s
 P kg  m
Ft - Impulse of force s
 kg  m kg  m
 N s  2 s 
P  m - Impulse of the body s s
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 Law of conservation of momentum
  
F t m  m o
 
F1   F2
   
m   m   m   m  
1 1 1 01
  
2 2

2 02
m  m  m  m
1 01 2 02 1 1 2 2

   
P01  P02  P1  P2

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 Law of conservation of momentum
   
m101  m202  m11  m22
   
P01  P02  P1 P2 Elastic impact

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 Law of conservation of momentum
 
m11 m22  0


m1  m2 

   
m101  m202  m1  m 2
Inelastic impact
 
m101  m202  m1  m2 

   
P01  P02  P1 P2
  
P01  P02  P
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 Law of conservation of momentum

 
m11 m2 2

0  P1 P2
   m   m 
m101  m202 1 1 2 2
 
0  m11  m2 2
 
m   m 
1 1 2 2

m11  m22
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Law of conservation of momentum

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27
 Energy
If the body or system of bodies can do the work, then it
means that they have energy.
Energy
Kinetic Potential
(Energy of motion) (Energy of interaction)
m 2
Ek 
2 Body deformed
The body is
raised above the
surface of the kx2
Earth En 
2
En  mgh 28
 Kinetic energy
A  FS cos
 
F 1 F 2 F  ma
0 x  2
S  2 1
  2
S
2a
cos  1
22 12 m2  2 1 m 2
A  ma  
2a 2 2
A  Ek 2  Ek1
A  Ek
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 Potential energy

mg A  FS cos
h h1 F  mg
S  h  h1  h2
h2 cos  1
A  mg h1  h2   mgh1  mgh 2
A  En1  En2  En2  En1 
A  En
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 Conservative forces
Forces whose work does not depend on the trajectory are
called conservative. (Example: gravity).
The work of a conservative force along a closed contour
is zero.

1 AО  A12  A21
h
A12  0
A21  0
A12  A21
0
AО  0
2 31
 Law of energy conservation
A  Ek
A  En
Ek  En
Ek 2  Ek1  (En 2 En1 )
Ek1  En1  Ek 2  En 2
E before   Еafter - the law of conservation of energy
for a closed system in which only
conservative forces act.

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 Law of energy conservation
If there are nonconservative forces (for example, frictional
forces), then the law of conservation of energy has the
form:

Ek1  En1  Ek 2  En 2  А1
E before   Еafter  А1

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