Lab Session # 7

Objective:
To analyze the vertical and horizontal deflection of a quarter circular ring subjected to vertical
load.

Introduction:
Beam:
Beam is a structural element which show resistance to loading when the load is applied
perpendicular to the beam axis. It is used in many construction area related to mechanical and
civil line.
Beams are of many types some are as following:
 Simply supported beam
 Fixed beam
 Propped beam
 Cantilever Beam
 Circular Beam
Quarter Circular Beam:
If we cut the circular beam into four equal part then part will serve as quarter circular beam. It is
used in many construction purposes. This beam give us both horizontal and theoretical deflection
when the load is applied. In this experiment our objective is to find out the deflection in the
quarter circular beam when the load is applied on it. This beam is just the reduction of circular
beam. Before finding the deflection in the quarter circular beam we should have an idea about
the Castigliano’s Theorem.
Theory:
Castigliano’s Theorem for Quarter Circular Bar
The deflection of a beam or bars must be often be limited in order to provide integrity and
stability of structure or machine. Plus, code restrictions often require these members not vibrate
or deflect severely in order to safely support their intended loading. Castiglia no’s theorem can
be employed to determine the deflection incurred by a force of loading in a curved beam.
Castiglia no’s theorem states that the component in a given direction of the deflection caused by
an external force on an elastic body is equivalent to the partial derivative of the work of
deformation with respect to the component of the force in the given direction. The work of
deformation in this case is a moment induced by a loading force on the beam.

Apparatus:
 Curved Bar Apparatus
 Weight
 Quarter circular beam apparatus
 Dial gauge
 Vernier Caliper

Application:
 Chains
 Hooks
 Loops
 Bridges
Procedure:
 Adjust the quarter circular bar.
 Attach two dial gauges for finding vertical as well as horizontal deflection
 Load the bar for number of times by an equal amount of 1N each time and note the
 corresponding readings from dial gauges attached to the apparatus, for vertical and
 horizontal deflection.
 Multiply those observations with the least count of the dial gauges and note out the
 final deflections

Calculation:
Radius of curved bar = R = 300mm
Width of the bar = b = 21mm
Thickness of the bar = h = 5mm
Modulus of Elasticity = E= 2 x 105 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia= I= 218.75 mm4
P=1N
Δ H = πPR3/ 4EI = ( 3.14 * 1N * 300mm)3/ ( 4 * 2 x 105 N/mm2* 218.75 mm4)
Δ H = 0.498 mm
Δ V = PR3/ 2EI = (1N * 300mm)3/ ( 4 * 2 x 105 N/mm2* 218.75 mm4)
Δ H = 0.3085 mm

Table:
SR. Load Vertical Deflection Horizontal Deflection
N mm mm

Dial Theoretical Dial Theoretical

Gauge Gauge
1 1 0.34 0.498 0.17 0.3085
2 2 0.46 0.498 0.31 0.3085
3 3 0.43 0.498 0.45 0.3085
4 4 0.47 0.498 0.11 0.3085

PRACTICAL VS THEORETICAL
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 2 3 4

LOAD
 PRACTICAL VS THEORETICAL
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 2 3 4

LOAD

Conclusion:
Vertical Deflection are very high as compared to the horizontal deflections. The Reason of large
vertical deflections is the weight is being applied vertically. The gravity is also acting in this
direction. Applying a horizontal load will cause deflections in horizontal deflections more
prominent