MAJOR PROJECT: GE-06-B1

Project Description:

Compare the Corona Virus with the HIV virus in light of different aspects but not limited to

a) genetic modification
b) virus shape, geometry and genetic configuration
c) infectious nature and spread rate
d) routes of infection
e) Effect on immunity
f) Infection in other Animals.

Part c of the project : Infectious nature and Spread rate.

PARAMETERS HIV SARS-COV-2 VIRUS

Transmission mechanism •There are three •Transmission is airborne or

(Infection) mechanisms of transfer -
sexual, parenteral (that
which occurs outside the
alimentary tract), vertical
transmission (occuring from
mother to child during
gestation or breast feeding)
through contact with
droplets of saliva or by
coughing or sneezing.
•Contact of objects on which
said droplets are present
could also cause infection

• Pre-seminal fluid, semen

and vaginal fluid, blood,
breast milk all contain the
HIV virus in infected patients

Symptoms Begin to appear between 2 Usually begin between two

and 6 weeks after initial and 14 days after initial
contact with the virus. entry of the virus.

Infection stages
•Two stages - Early or acute •Symptoms are not marked
infection and chronic definitely. They vary
infection according to severity of
Symptoms during early infection and immunity of
phase of infection : individuals. As of yet clear
-Throat pain discrete stages of infection
-Headache aren't necessarily seen in all
-Muscle pain cases.
-Swollen lymph nodes
-Rashes •The most common
-Mouth sores symptoms for mild infection
Symptoms are so mild, include fever, cough, and
often unnoticed dyspnea. Diarrhea and
 abdominal pain are also
Symptoms during Chronic frequent
phase of infection :
-Can last upto 10 years •In most cases symptoms
If not treated or controlled and infection are mild
can turn into AIDS (Acquired however in cases of severe
Immunodeficiency infection, kidney damage,
syndrome) extreme difficulty in
-AlDS is the final stage of breathing and death could
HIV, cure isn't found as of also occur.
yet.
-Extreme and irreversible
damage to the immune
system, immunosuppression
is observed (causing
autoimmune diseases, even
mild infections such as cold
can kill the person )

Spread rate and Mortality •Sexual - From 2% to 20%
rate
•Vertical - In the absence of
intervention, the rate of
vertical transmission of HIV
can range from 15-45%.
With the inclusion of
antiretroviral drugs during
pregnancy and the choice of
delivery route this amounts
to less than 2%.
•Primary attack rates
haven't been determined
exactly. Studies are still
confucted.
•The observed secondary
attack rates ranged 1.2% in
health care, 2.6% in
community and 9% in
households.

•Parenteral - <1%

Mortality rate - Upto 100%

Mortality rate- Upto 0.001
percent (current statistics)

REFERENCES -

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7797543/#:~:text=The%20difference%20with
%20HIV%20is,and%20severe%20cases%2028%2D32.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16549963/#:~:text=Three%20estimates%20of%20infectivity
%20per,range%20of%200.24%2D0.65%25.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085844/#:~:text=In%20the%20absence%20
of%20intervention,amounts%20to%20less%20than%202%25.

https://jglobalbiosecurity.com/articles/10.31646/gbio.107/print/#:~:text=The%20observed%20
secondary%20attack%20rates,the%20lives%20of%20general%20population.
https://jglobalbiosecurity.com/articles/10.31646/gbio.107/print/#:~:text=The%20observed%20
secondary%20attack%20rates,the%20lives%20of%20general%20population.