CHM256 DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE EXPERIMENT 5 : PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY (Paper Chromatography) Objective : To separate food dyes by means of paper chromatography Theory In many respect, paper chromatography is similar to TLC. Instead of an adsorbent-coated plate, a strip of paper is used. Instead of a ‘solid adsorbent, a thin film of water on the paper Constitutes the adsorbent. Therefore paper chromatography is a liquid-liquid partition technique rather than liquid-solid technique such as column chromatography. Generally, filter paper can be used for paper chromatography because it is almost pure cellulose with few impurities. Under most atmospheric conditions, filter paper absorbs moisture from the air. This absorbed water makes up about 20% by weight of the filter paper and is usually sufficient for successfully paper chromatography. Because very polar water molecules form the adsorbent layer, paper chromatography is the most successful with very polar organic compounds. (Non-polar compounds are usually Curried with the solvent), Paper chromatography is commonly used for the identification of Smino acids, which exist as highly polar dipolar ions species containing full positive and negative ion charges. In this experiment we will try to separate and identify some components in food dyes by using paper chromatography. The dye use in this experiment is in concentrated form usually sold in supermarkets as assorted food colours. Materials Microcapillary (75mm x 0.5mm ID) Filter paper (46 x 57 cm sheet of Whatman No. 1. Cut into 11.5 x 19. cm pieces) 4 colours of food dyes (blue, green, red, yellow) Developing solvent: 0.2% (2g/L) aqueous solution of NaCl Plastic wrap Stapler Powered by CamScannerCHARS6 Procedure 1 dge of the filte, m from the e . i lel to the 10nd dimension about 2 ¢ Draw a line paral paper. e edge of the paper and from th f i inning about > Or ‘at where you will ater avout ema on he ne ett Me »¢ marks |S the po! about equal di spot the dyes). . i Jean, dry 8! feveloping solvent in 2 © Put 70 mL of te ean by 2 rubberband mL beaker and cover it with plastic wrap held in place by @ ee eseen i jicrocapl 1 Lay the filter paper on a clean Paper or table. pie set snark. Sea Breach of the food colours on the x” marks © B,G,R, i | (such as it ropriated letter symbol ch mark with anPrePrcliow the Spots to dry: Label in with pencil near eat potted there. Y) to identify the colour of the dye $I 1 dry by gently waving the paper in the air. After the spots have dried, staple the edge of the paper together a gap so that the edge do not quite meet. Allow the spot t (end-to-end) leaving veloping solvent. The paper does the beaker containing de ots of the dye must be above the Put the paper cylinder in e sure the spt not touch the wall of the beaker. Make surface of the solvent in the beaker. Immediately, seal the beaker with plastic wrap and allow the solvent to rise up in the paper. Observe the position of solvent front every few minutes. Also, observe how the original spot begin to separate into bands of colours as they move up. When the solvent front has rise up to about 2 om from the top of the paper, remove the paper from the beaker and immediately |mark the solvent front with a pencil before the solvent evaporates. After the paper has dried, measure the distance traveled (in mm, mm eat di f the spot from the original line and also th do y orig ae 0 the distance traveled by solvent front for each of the food Calculate and record the Rr values for every colo1 : ured colours, describe the number of components you find ond thet cooue a Powered by § CamScannerCHM256 Data of experiment DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE Food colour Blue Green Red Yellow Colour of spot Distance traveled by spot Distance traveled by solvent front Rr value Questions 1. 2. or a mixture of dyes? Is there a green dye in the green food colour? Calculate the R; value of the spots. Describe the composition|of the food colours. Do they c¢ onsist of single components Powered by CamScanner