Uniform motion, Average speed, Average velocity,

Instantaneous velocity, Instantaneous speed, uniform

velocity, uniform speed
Average speed, Average
velocity
• The distance covered per unit time is called
average speed.
Total Path length travelled
• average speed 𝑣 =
Total time taken
• The displacement per unit time is called
average velocity.
Total displacement 𝑠Ԧ
• average velocity V = =
Total time taken 𝑡
Average speed, Average
velocity
•A particle starts at 𝑥 = 0 cm, and goes to 𝑥 = +10 cm
and then reverses its direction to reach 𝑥 = +4 cm.
Calculate its average speed and average velocity,
if time taken for the complete journey is 10 𝑠.
• Distance S = 10 + 6 = 16 𝑐𝑚
16 𝑐𝑚
• Average speed 𝑣 = = 1.6 𝑐𝑚𝑠 −1
10 𝑠
• Displacement 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 4 − 0 = 4 cm towards +ve
x-axis
4 𝑐𝑚
• Average velocity V = = 0.4 𝑐𝑚𝑠 −1 towards +ve x-
10 𝑠
axis
Instantaneous velocity,
Instantaneous speed
• The rate of change of displacement at a
particular instant of time is called instantaneous
velocity.
• The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is
called instantaneous speed.
Δ𝑠Ԧ 𝑑 𝑠Ԧ
• Instantaneous velocity 𝑉 = lim =
Δ𝑡→0 Δ𝑡 𝑑𝑡
uniform speed, uniform
velocity
• If an object covers equal distances in equal
intervals of time, it is said to be having uniform
speed.
• If an object moving along the straight line
covers equal distances in equal intervals of
time, it is said to be in uniform velocity.
Uniform motion
• If
an object moving along the straight line
covers equal distances in equal intervals of
time, it is said to be in uniform motion.
Numerical Problems
• Calculate the average velocity when a body
travels with velocity 𝑣1 for time 𝑡1 and velocity
𝑣2 in time 𝑡2.
𝑠1 +𝑠2 𝑣1 𝑡1 +𝑣2 𝑡2
•𝑣 = =
𝑡1 +𝑡2 𝑡1 +𝑡2
• Calculate the average velocity when a body
travels with velocity 𝑣1 for half time and
velocity 𝑣2 for other half time.
𝑠1 +𝑠2 𝑣1 𝑡1 +𝑣2 𝑡2 𝑣1 +𝑣2 𝑡 𝑣1 +𝑣2
•𝑣 = = = =
𝑡1 +𝑡2 𝑡1 +𝑡2 2t 2
Numerical Problems
• Calculate the average velocity when a body
travels with velocity 𝑣1 and velocity 𝑣2 through
displacements 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 respectively.
𝑠1 +𝑠2 𝑠1 +𝑠2
•𝑣 = = 𝑠1 𝑠2
𝑡1 +𝑡2 +
𝑣1 𝑣2

• Calculate the average velocity when a body

travels with velocity 𝑣1 and velocity 𝑣2 through
equal displacements.
𝑠1 +𝑠2 𝑠1 +𝑠2 2𝑆 2
•𝑣 = = 𝑠1 𝑠2 = 1 1 = 1 1
𝑡1 +𝑡2 + 𝑆 𝑣 +𝑣 +
𝑣1 𝑣2 1 2 𝑣1 𝑣2
Numerical Problems
• Calculate the average velocity when a body
travels with velocity 20 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ and velocity
30 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ through equal displacements.
2 2 2×20×30
•𝑣 = 1 1 = 1 1 = = 24 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ
+ + 20+30
𝑣1 𝑣2 20 30
2 𝑡ℎ
• If a car covers of the total distance with a
5
3 𝑡ℎ
speed 𝑣1 and of
the total distance with a
5
speed 𝑣2 , then calculate its average speed.
𝑠1 +𝑠2 𝑠1 +𝑠2 2𝑆+3S 5 5𝑣1 𝑣2
•𝑣 = = 𝑠1 𝑠2 = 2𝑆 3𝑆 = 2 3 =
𝑡1 +𝑡2 + + + 3𝑣1 +2𝑣2
𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣1 𝑣2
Numerical Problems
1𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 5
• 1 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = = = 𝑚𝑠 −1
1ℎ𝑟 3600 𝑠 18
18
• 1 𝑚𝑠 −1 = 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ
5
−1
• 18 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 5 𝑚𝑠
• 36 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 10 𝑚𝑠 −1
• 54 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 15 𝑚𝑠 −1
• 72 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 20 𝑚𝑠 −1
• 90 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 25 𝑚𝑠 −1
• 108 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ = 30 𝑚𝑠 −1