MOTION IN 1-D

KINEMATICS, REST AND MOTION, REFERENCE POINT, FRAME OF REFERENCE, RECTILINEAR MOTION,
MOTION IN A PLANE, DISTANCE, DISPLACEMENT
• STUDY OF MOTION OF OBJECTS WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE CAUSE OF
MOTION.
• POSITION (LOCATION) OF OBJECT DOES NOT CHANGE WITH RESPECT TO
SURROUNDINGS

• POSITION (LOCATION) OF OBJECT CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO SURROUNDINGS

• WE LOCATE A POINT BY ITS POSITION WITH RESPECT TO
SOME REFERENCE POINT IN SPACE CALLED ORIGIN.

• ANY COORDINATE SYSTEM CONSIDERED IN THE SITUATION

6
OR PROBLEM IS CALLED REFERENCE FRAME OR FRAME OF
5
REFERENCE. 4
3
2
1
0
−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
1− D

• MOTION OF AN OBJECT IN A STRAIGHT LINE IS CALLED

ONE DIMENSIONAL (1 − 𝐷) MOTION OR RECTILINEAR
MOTION.

• MOTION OF AN OBJECT IN A PLANE IS CALLED TWO

DIMENSIONAL (2 − 𝐷) MOTIONS.
• THE TOTAL LENGTH OF ACTUAL PATH TRAVERSED BY A BODY IN A CERTAIN
INTERVAL OF TIME IS CALLED DISTANCE.

• THE CHANGE IN POSITION VECTOR OF A BODY IS CALLED ITS DISPLACEMENT.

𝑺 = 𝚫𝒙
O 𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝒇 x-axis
motion

• 𝑠Ԧ = 𝑥Ԧ𝑓 − 𝑥Ԧ𝑖
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

• CALCULATE ITS DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT.

• DISTANCE S = 5𝑐𝑚
• DISPLACEMENT 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 5 − 0 = +5 CM TOWARDS
+VE X-AXIS
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

• CALCULATE ITS DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT.

• DISTANCE S = 2 + 5 = 7 𝑐𝑚
• DISPLACEMENT 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 5 − (−2) = +7 CM
TOWARDS +VE X-AXIS
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

• CALCULATE ITS DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT.

• DISTANCE S = 3 𝑐𝑚
• DISPLACEMENT 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = −5 − −2 = −3 CM
TOWARDS -VE X-AXIS
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

• CALCULATE ITS DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT.

• DISTANCE S = 3 + 5 + 4 = 12 𝑐𝑚
• DISPLACEMENT 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 4 − −2 = 6 CM
TOWARDS +VE X-AXIS
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

• CALCULATE ITS DISTANCE AND THE DISPLACEMENT.

• DISTANCE S = 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 𝑐𝑚
• DISPLACEMENT 𝑠 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 = 3 − 5 = −2 CM TOWARDS
-VE X-AXIS
• DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT ARE EQUAL, ONLY WHEN
A PARTICLE TRAVELS IN ONE DIRECTION

• DISTANCE ≥ DISPLACEMENT
• DISPLACEMENT CAN BE ZERO, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE BUT
DISTANCE IS ALWAYS POSITIVE.

• FOR A MOVING BODY, DISPLACEMENT CAN INCREASE,

DECREASE OR REMAINS SAME BUT DISTANCE CAN ONLY
INCREASE.