CPE656

PETROLEUM REFINING
ENGINEERING
TUTORIAL 2

IR. TS. MOHD FADHIL BIN MAJNIS

SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
https://www.linkedin.com/in/fadhilmajnis/
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Q1.
Phase behavior describes what phases (solid, liquid, gas) are present under certain
thermodynamic (pressure, specific volume and temperature) conditions. Crude oil can
exhibit complex phase behavior with multiple solid phases (asphaltenes, waxes) or
supercritical fluids. Compare the phase behavior of typically light alkane (pure substance
and crude oil (mixture).

Figure 1: Pure substance phase behaviour. Figure 2: Relationship of pressure and volume
gas/volume liquid of pure substance and mixture .
Q2. What makes up liquified petroleum gas (LPG) in its simplest form?

Q3. What distinguishes the natural formation processes for coal and petroleum?

Q4. Cars run on gasoline without sulphur. Specify the benefits of removing sulphur from gasoline.

Q5. Explain the differences between Tapis Crude, Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude
in terms of API gravity, sulphur content and refinery processing cost.

Q6. Because crude oil is so complex, the refiner doesn't even try to look for the crude oil's pure
components. The crude oils are subjected to comparatively straightforward analytical tests, and the
outcomes of these are combined with empirical correlations to assess the crude oils as feedstocks for the
specific refinery. Discuss four useful properties of crude oil that later affect the decision of process
selection in petroleum refining processes.

Q7. Compare olefins and paraffins in terms of chemical structure, chemical bonds and research octane
number.