CHECKPOINT 1 Vv Z r A gas occupying a volume £728 n> a pressure Qf 0.970 al allowed to expand at constant temperature until its pressure reaches 0: atm. Calculate the final volume. ~~ v, =(o-41td abn)( 425 mL) 0-541 or (Ans: 1.30 x10? mL) Viz 12q4q°-4 Imb v, = 1300mL Vv, = 30x10? mL 4.1 GAS LAWS High kinetic enersy. 4.1.ACharles’ Law ) Molecular View: * The pressure of gas inside and outside the balloon are the same - —)CHECKPOINT 2 lh ty) leas C ( 6.4 Lyolume of me’ is heated from 25.0°C to 88.0°C at constant pressuré. Determine th@ final volume ofthe gas. “—_ =a TJ, = sc + 243k Vy =? = 248K Vy <~36GL Ta = ¢4°C + 243k = Bb K V an cS Ve Vi = 364 T, x 361 Te 296 ¥ F oe 44.1L) Vv, >: x le Vi = 44-045 L Vee dyeVX yy { with helium to a volume, mp, the volume changes m gas that must he added 0 Tr CHECKPOINT 3 A flexible container at an inti Ar. More gas is then added to the container until i hes L. Assuming Sure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the container. The molar mass of Aris 39.99 H constant VizSI2L mate et ave = 33q-58 oe pede Va =1 8:10 3q-q =& 1 = & #231 mol Ny = SSt me est mat My, i Le Ne Ny = BeSime omol=42tmoite My Se nn, oe VS 10f (ans: 2.5mo) VN M. = Mi ave = 30-08 vi numba of mues Of gat odded + = 30-08 mor — BS) me) EXAMPLE 2 ars7 mel AWS Law, Charles’ Law, and Avogadro's E Constant h At 24.0°C, Nhe pressure in a cylinder containing 5.06 mol of oxygen gas, O2(9) is 2 Cal mber of moles of the O, (g) that should be released to ¥ maintain the fonstant presstrg when the temperature is increased to 245°C. SOLUTION: or Me = unknown Vand P are constant T= 518K aan wn re ne Chelg es nT, == SSenT, _ Te P, V2 Th P, CHECKPOINT 4 Aerosol iners often carry the warning that they should not ited. Supposed an aerosol conaisee aes We ett at 4.00 atm and(25.0°6 and may rupture if the pressure exceeds 8.00 atm. Determine the temperature at which the container will be ruptured. —-— PL = 4 atm i oe 4043 = 2g 1 P2 =S8atm T=? Te = 248K 9 alae u gin (Ans: 323°C or 596 K) Pp = f = 396K al; sien — pene ‘ 4.2 IDEAL GAS EQUATION 4.2.1 Ideal Gas LEARNIN¢ ‘Student sho! * explain qu * determine equation. * use Ideal g of moles of macs of the 4.2.1 Ideal Ge Boyle'sCHECKPOINT 9 A 1.00 x 10° L steel storage tank contains 88.5 kg of methane gas, CH,. If the temperature is 25.0°C, calculate the pressure inside the tank. pressure insicone= (R= 0.0821 Latm mot! K") pt yevooxto 1779 1243 P= m = €&500 9 = 24K - mm 21274 p09 08 IL P = ($5 31:25) (0: 0821) (248) ASS nkcteg mee ee = leg po? \.a0x10 3 ges P = 135-32 atm mm = 8500 (Ans: 135 atm) Lada 1b = & 93129CHECKPOINT 6 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF.) is a colourless and odourless gas, and commonly used an insulator in electronic equipment. Calculate the pressure (in atm) exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in a steel vessel of volume 5.43 L at 69.5°C. (R= 0.0821 L atm mot K*) P-? P= net n=l-e2 Ty ene 2 Cl $2)C0-0821)C 242-5) = 342-5k 5°42 R =0-082) = A642 UG AM (ans:9.42 atm) = G:- alm 4.2 IDEAL GAS EQUATIONVv mole = xv CHECKPOINT 7 stP Calculate the volume (in L) occupied by 7.40 g of mifaste ve? nN = moss Lo —— 1 ‘ - mov \ 6445 a moss \ 224 = #:40 \ Ve Qe Fey L _ (449 Va q4 SL = 0° mol \ 435 \ (Ans: 9.75 L)CHECKPOINT 8 Achemist has synthesized a greenish-yellow gaseous compound of chlorine and oxygen and finds that its density is 7.71 g L* at 36.0°C and 2.88 atm. Calculate the molar mass of the compound. hm = ART e MM = 21% a0g2I1 x 304 a ae we m 2-8& q 2364273 ee 2 404K G4) 9 mot 0 = 2-8 (Ans: 67.9 g mot)Pv = ner a Pv. mes ae CHECKPOINT 9 CHECKPOINT 9 mm 4 question 2 QUESTION 1 eN mm =m et Potassium chiorate, KCIO,, (MM fob £1228 9 mot) decompose o gv poassium chloride, KCI and oxygen gas. (R = 0.0821 L atm mot* K:*) oes 2) Write a balanced equation for the reaction © Bourne rans CGE Det mab cree ote Sam pana ae (oPKL0, —22K C1 4302 AFCO, =P. -F the cabin. Eventually the pressure ‘mass (in g) of fhium carbonate, Li,CO, produced in this reaction. ‘Aqueous Ithium hydroxide, LIOH ‘solution is used to purty air in spacecraft and submarines because it absorbs carbon dioxide, CO,, according to the equation 2LIOH (aq) + C0449) t1:CO,(aqy F120 19 \ ‘The pressure ES we cate ota mare having a volume of 24 «1951 ores toa ‘312K. Asolition of LIOH of negigible volume is introduced into falls to 1.2 * 10~ atm. Determine the = (4-9 01-2 eo t) at = 4-95 KI0> | owe Cone) bald, = BPs ¥, a5) (Ans844 10° @ (> mass KOs? \ eT 2 ©, = CF FB KIO) (2-4, 97D Venge \ py ~fo-6994) 0126) Arco, (00820312) T= 13273 \ (o-0621) (406) = 73001 vores ~4O6E | 923-9166 | I mot Le Tact of Tint > 73¥03 P= 666-8C/-3158x10°) | \ gto, = T3mot = se Klo? =. f \ os O-877ba ane 20, 4.3 DALTON’S LAWS Nes3lboy? ea LEARNING OBJECTIVES Fgeainy with one another) it ‘Student should be able to: + define Dation’s Law of partial pressure and use it to dalculate the partial pressure ofa gas and its composition in a gas mixture. mass of KOs 2 22 x 122°6 = 2410689 = 2419 ‘The sum of the partial pressures of all diferent gases (the gases do not interact mixture is equal to the total pressure of the miture Prom = P+ Pp Po. 2 EP, Pa, =partial pressureof gas A Pa = partial pressure of gas B Pe = partialpressure of gas C P= partial pressureof gas i, where/is A, B,C, D,....of moles of A number oT moles of B Peay sen : (0°25) (0+ 0891 )(295) S = 1622.atmM,, Pie = (0+50)C0-06 21) (2 98) CHECKPOINT 10 5 7 2:4G atm Exactly 8,00-g of oxygen, O, and 2.00 g of helium, He were placed in 4 5.00 y tank at fermine the partial pressure of each gas and the total pre of the gas fixture in atm. Calculate mole fractions of the two gases. mot H onygen = #00. Ho, = 0:28 2 og33 mol 2) = ores mol Nips 9:59! 2 0.67 mol mol of Belium= 2:00 0 =0-56 m0" V Vv p_ 2012s mor 0 -Somo! ~ 0175 mo} (Ans: 1.22 atm, 2.45 atm, 3.67 atm, 0.33, 0.67) 2 4¢sqly Pray = 12? aim t7'¥ = 367 qtrCHECKPOINT 11 4.4 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES tin produces gucore, Cj 0, and oxyoen gas, LEARNING OBJECTIVES fphotosyntnesis of 8 green pant and ie eactonequaton 6 gen as. 8CO, (g) + 6H,0 (1) 3GiiyOetde) +80; (9) _ ithe green pant rela 122 m0. ‘Student shouldbe able to: tected ove( ater it 4 tor anef30.0°0.) 7 £43 tor ane ‘expan fo potutas'ssumpton applied inthe kinetic molecular eoy. Caleuate te mass of he Opand Be Goose prow + expen Gas Laws (Boyes Law, Charles’ Law and Avogadro's Law interme of W055 Op = 7 Pyag > TeS4- (13158 X10") creme eon gluse =? = 0 6231 atm Hiamet'Setononts Ostiaaon Caves eee muwede OY wing Nyy = ool? Pay = O-q Yo atm ~ 9-029! 21m" 60a 1 Cet 6 20° mm - rot 243 o-qsusa (ns: 0.4859, 0.1459) : mares eux? | Moles qeS¥ R103 The Py ent moss O,= HEH PIO 2(K4) | meer ed owe asemp) | ne BY = (0:989S)( 01229 sol ‘yah 3iseng?) ei eR 4s) 01559 og 067 xlot = 0°4996 04m im = fe 4Ixg moss glu(ose = 8-067 410% (92412144) = 01454CHECKPOINT 12 The average velocity, }tq~\of an unknown molecule at 127°C is 600 ms‘. Calculate the jing at(1127°C} T= 294293 Hy = booms’ , HOOK T= 129-4293 - | 3C8-31¥)C4009 = Wor 00249 R= 9.314 Imo Menor ee z Sct A ) = beldy looms e314) (399 x 600 ee (Ans: 1.12 x 10? ms") na 36000- qi ® Aue nN NM = ‘ (nite) 0+0294olume of H2 in CHECKPOIN! WW A sample of unknown gas effuses in 41.10 min. An equal Vv! same apparatus under same conditions effuses in 242 min. Calculate the molar mass of unknown gas- vai = WlO min pote! _ f2 = Mmo Mus 7 We. a | MMy = varee ty mm, R 22-4 , | ate |, ay tlm Mr ty = 279% WetO . .| —*— 2 ss 242 oO wetoy = oA a 2s a 2 na 21-034 = Zz ans: 42.5 g mol? Nz 2(21-03q) “¢ ILA. anddamof