Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021

CESTEEL 1st Update

Table of Contents
Analysis and Design Consideration 2
Numerical Values of 𝑭𝒚 and 𝑭𝒖 2
Design Methods 2
Load Combinations 2
Investigation of Tension Members 3
Design of Tension Members 3
Tension Members with Welded Connection 3
Block Shear 3
Tension Members with Bolted and Riveted Connections 3
Net Area 3
Reduction Coefficient 4

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Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021
CESTEEL 1st Update
Analysis and Design Consideration
Numerical Values of 𝑭𝒚 and 𝑭𝒖
ASTM 𝑭𝒚 (MPa) 𝑭𝒖 (MPa)
Item Use
Designation
A33 228 - Withdrawn
A36 248 400 to 551 Structural shapes and plate

A50 345 450 Structural shapes and plate

Shapes, Plates, Bars, A53 241 414 Structural pipe and tubing
Sheet and Tubing
or Threaded parts A501 248 400 Structural pipe and tubing
A529 290 414 to 586 Structural shapes and plate

689 758 to 896 Structural shapes and plate

A514
620 689 to 896 (quenched and tempered alloy steel)

Design Methods
ASD Safety Factor LRFD Resistance Factor
Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture
Ω = 1.67 Ω = 2.00 𝜙 = 0.90 𝜙 = 0.75

Load Combinations
ASD
Basic Alternative
1. 𝐷 1. 𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝐿𝑟
2. 𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝐿𝑟 2. 𝐷 + 𝐿 + 𝑊
𝐸
3. 𝐷 + 𝐿 +
𝐸
3. 𝐷 + (𝑊 or ) 1.4
1.4

4. 0.9𝐷 ±
𝐸 Special Seismic Load Combination
1.4
1. 1.2𝐷 + 𝑓1 𝐿 + 1.0𝐸𝑚
𝐸
5. 𝐷 + 0.75 (𝐿 + 𝐿𝑟 + (𝑊 or )) 2. 0.9𝐷 ± 1.0𝐸𝑚
1.4

LRFD
1. 1.4𝐷 4. 1.2𝐷 + 1.3𝑊 + 𝑓1 𝐿 + 0.5𝐿𝑟
2. 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿 + 0.5𝐿𝑟 5. 1.2𝐷 + 1.0𝐸 + 𝑓1 𝐿
3. 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝑟 + (𝑓1 𝐿 or 0.8𝑊) 6. 0.9𝐷 ± (1.0𝐸 + 1.3𝑊)

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Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021
CESTEEL 1st Update
Investigation of Tension Members
ASD LRFD
Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture
𝑃𝑎 = 0.6𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔 𝑃𝑎 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 𝑃𝑢 = 𝜙𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔 𝑃𝑢 = 𝜙𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
𝐴𝑒 = 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴𝑛 𝜙𝑃𝑛 = 0.9𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑔 𝜙𝑃𝑛 = 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
𝐴𝑒 = 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴𝑛

Design of Tension Members

ASD LRFD
Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture Limit State of Yielding Tensile Rupture
𝑃𝑎 Check: 𝑃𝑢 Check:
𝐴𝑔 = 𝑃𝑎 ≤ 0.5𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒 𝐴𝑔 = 𝑃𝑢 ≤ 𝜙𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
0.6𝐹𝑦 𝜙𝐹𝑦
𝑃𝑢
=
0.9𝐹𝑦

Tension Members with Welded Connection

Reduction Coefficient
All tension members where the tension load is
transmitted by transverse weld on full-section 𝑈 = 1.0
area.
𝐿 ≥ 2𝑤; 𝑈 = 1.0
Plates where the tension load is transmitted by
2𝑤 > 𝐿 ≥ 1.5𝑤; 𝑈 = 0.87
longitudinal welds only. 1.5𝑤 > 𝐿 ≥ 𝑤; 𝑈 = 0.75
When the tension load is transmitted to some but 𝑥
not all of the cross-sectional elements by fastener 𝑈 =1−
𝐿
or longitudinal welds.

Block Shear
ASD LRFD
𝑃𝑎 = 0.3𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑣 + 0.5𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑡 𝑃𝑢 = 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑣 + 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑡
0.6𝐹𝑢 0.45𝐹𝑢 = design shear strength (𝜙0.60𝐹𝑢 )
0.3𝐹𝑢 = allowable shear stress ( )
Ω 0.50𝐹𝑢 = allowable tensile strength (𝜙𝐹𝑢 )
𝐹𝑢
0.5𝐹𝑢 = allowable tensile stress ( )
Ω
Tension Members with Bolted and Riveted Connections
Net Area
General Formula
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 ≤ 0.85𝐴𝑔

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Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021
CESTEEL 1st Update
If there are more than one row of bolts
𝐴𝑛
𝐴′𝑛 = 𝑛
1−
𝑁
Staggered Holes
𝑠2
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 + 𝑡 ∑
4𝑔
Effective Net Area
𝐴𝑒 = 𝑈 ∙ 𝐴𝑛

Reduction Coefficient
TEMPORARY. WILL BE IMPROVED ON THE NEXT UPDATE!

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Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021
CESTEEL 1st Update

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Kyle Michael Sy Principles of Steel Design July 16, 2021
CESTEEL 1st Update

Net Area
𝑑ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 = (𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 ) + 2 𝑚𝑚
Nominal Hole Dimensions
TEMPORARY. WILL BE IMPROVED ON THE NEXT UPDATE!

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