Unit 3

Key Words
Equations with
mental math
30
3 +
+

1
10
= 4
Numbers up to
opposite

21 12
bananas

numbered tape

3 5 2727
3 6 28
28 37
29 293308 3
31039 314 0 3241
41 342
342 3 4 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

between

change apples

curb

In this unit you will learn to:

• use written and mental math strategies to solve addition and subtraction problems,
and represent the process using pictures and symbols.
• understand how we use addition and subtraction in our daily life.
• understand the relationship between addition and subtraction. Módulo 3 / Situac
• create and solve word problems.
• be organized and follow steps to solve a word problem.
• express and listen to other ideas respectfully.

80 _eighty
 What Do You Know? Initial Evaluation

Look at the picture and answer.

1. Circle.
numbers that order (ordinal numbers)
numbers that identify (nominal numbers)

car
2. How many are in each box?

There are in each box.

3. How many groups of 10 are in the

doorbell picture?

There are groups of 10 .

4. How much fruit is there in all?

There are and .

5. If 2 groups of 10 are sold, how

many are left over?

There are left over.

aciones problema

_eighty-_one 81
Módulo
Section

1 Written Math Strategies

Counting
Let’s Connect

• What type of operation is solving? Circle.

19, 20,… addition subtraction

• How does solve the math equation?

Color.

ordering The numbers we
add together are
called addends.
counting

estimating

Let’s Learn

Counting is a strategy used to solve addition equations. To solve, count from one of the
numbers you are adding. These are called addends.

addends
21 22 24 25 sum
20
19
7 + 18 23 7 + 18 = 25

Start counting from

the greater addend.

82 _eighty–_t Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written
Contar,
mathleer
strategies
y representar
for addition
números
and hasta
subtraction
el 20.

Let’s Practice

1. Solve by counting. Apply

a. 15 + 2 = c. 6 + 23 =

b. 9 + 27 = d. 32 + 5 =

2. Solve by counting. Apply

a. plus equals .

b. plus equals .
Remember
When using counting to
solve addition problems,
c. plus equals . start with the greater
addend.

_eighty-_three 83
Section 1 / Written Math Strategies

Counting Backward
Let’s Connect • What type of operation is solving? Circle.

addition subtraction
28, 27, 26,…
• How does solve the problem? Color.

counting from 1

counting backward

counting forward

The big number that we take from

is called a “minuend” and the
number that we take away from it
is called a “subtrahend”.

Word Focus
Let’s Learn Difference means what is left over after a subtraction.

Counting backward or downward is a strategy to solve subtraction equations. Start with

the minuend. Use the subtrahend to count backward.

minuend difference
26 25 23 22 21
27
28
29 – 8 24 29 – 8 = 21

subtrahend

84 _eighty-_four Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written math strategies for addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice

1. Solve by counting backward. Apply

a. 48 – 3 = c. 25 – 5 =

b. 36 – 7 = d. 34 – 4 =

2. Solve by counting backward. Apply

a. minus is equal to .

You can cross out

the marbles when
you subtract.
b. minus is equal to .

c. minus is equal to .

_eighty-_five 85
85
 Section 1 / Written Math Strategies

Numbered Tape
Let’s Connect

0 312727 3228 33293 0 343310 332531333632

28 29 34 37
3 533363 8
34
37 39
3 83 5394 0
36
4 0 41
4137 4242
38

• If 41 is the sum and 28 is one addend, what is Did You Know...?

the other addend?
Special numbered tapes
called measuring tapes are
• If the numbers that are big on the numbered used to measure people
tape in a subtraction equation, what would the for clothing. The tape
is flexible so you can
minuend be? accurately measure a
person’s body.
Let’s Learn

You can use the numbered tape to solve addition and

subtraction equations.

• addition 28 + 13 = 41
13
+ 10 +3
Make the numbered
34 3 5 2727
36 28
28 37 293 8 3 039
3 8 31
394 04 03241
41 33
4242 34 3 5from 36
tape Cutout 1,37 3
2, and 3 on pages
163 to 165. Do the
activities.
• subtraction 41 – 13 = 28
13
–3 – 10

34 3 5 2727
36 28
28 37
29 293308 3
31039 314 0 3241
41 33
4242 34 35 36 37 3

86 _eighty-_six Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written math strategies for addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice
1. Draw the jumps on the numbered tape to solve. Answer. Apply

a. 31 + 17 =

30 31 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

b. 24 + 24 =

23 24 34 44 45 46 47 48

c. 23 – 15 =

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 24 25 26 27

d. 35 – 25 =

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 25 35

_eighty-seven 87
87
Section 1 / Written Math Strategies

Standard and Expanded Forms

Let’s Connect

• What are the children doing to solve the

equations? Color.

Counting.

Expanding.

• What number is missing to expand 26?

• How should the girl continue solving the

subtraction? Circle.

8 –5 =3 8 + 5 = 13

Let’s Learn

A strategy to solve addition and subtraction equations is to use basic addition

combinations with each term.

• addition • subtraction
13 + 26 = 39 38 – 15 = 23
13 = 10 + 3 add
38 = 30 + 8 subtract
26 = 20 + 6 15 = 10 + 5
30 + 9 20 + 3
39 23

88 _eighty-_eight Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written math strategies for addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice
1. Expand the addition equations. Use the standard form to solve. Apply

a. 30 + 16 = b. 21 + 28 =

30 = + 21 = +

16 = + 28 = +

+ +

2. Expand the addition equations. Use the standard form to solve. Apply

a. 37 – 12 = b. 49 – 25 =

37 = + 49 = +

12 = + 25 = +

+ +

Education through Values

Keep your space neat and work quietly. This way, you respect your
classmates and their work.

_eighty-nine 89
89
Section 1 / Written Math Strategies

The Relationship between Addition and Subtraction

Let’s Connect

12 • What addition problem can you make

from the three cards? Complete.

27
+ =

• What subtraction problem can you make

39
from the three cards? Complete.

– =

Let’s Learn

Subtraction is the opposite or inverse of addition.

Word Focus
+ =
The inverse is the opposite
of something. For example,
27 12 39 dark is the opposite of light
and clean is the opposite
of dirty.
= –
• The answer to an addition problem can be proven or checked using a subtraction equation.
To prove or check means to show something is true.

27 + 12 = 39 so
39 – 12 = 27
39 – 27 = 12
• The answer to a subtraction problem can be proven or checked using an addition equation.
27 + 12 = 39
39 – 12 = 27 so
12 + 27 = 39

90 ninety Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand the relationship between addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice
1. Use the numbers in the boxes to write an addition equation and a subtraction equation. Apply

a. b.
6 49 43 45 12 33
+ = + =

– = – =

Quiz Yourself
Read the problem and answer.

Emilio and Matilda collected to donate to a recycling campaign. Matilda collected

25, and Emilio collected the rest.

• How many did Emilio collect? Write the equation and the answer.

• Check your answer.

=

ninety-_one 91
91
Section

2 Mental Math Strategies

Counting
Let’s Connect
You won 4 red
marbles and 15 How many marbles
yellow marbles. did I win in all?

• What equation can use to know the total quantity of marbles he won?
Answer.

• does not have the marbles to count or a paper and pen to write with. How can he
solve the equation?

Write how you would do it.

I uld _solve _the _problem _

• What equation would you use to check your answer? Write the equation.

92 ninety-_t Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written math strategies for addition and subtraction

Let’s Learn

Counting is a mental math strategy to solve an addition or subtraction equation.

• addition
Count forward or upward.
15, 16, 17, 18, 19

15 + 4 15 + 4 = 19
• subtraction
Count backward or downward. 19, 18, 17, 16, 15

19 – 4 19 – 4 = 15

Let’s Practice

1. Match the equation with the answer. Relate

35 – 5 45

11 + 4 15

19 – 3 30
Tip
40 + 5 16
Counting in your head
is easier if you use your
26 – 2 24 fingers or imagine toys.

ninety-_three 93
Section 2 / Mental Math Strategies

Make Multiples of Ten

Let’s Connect

26 + 12 31 + 12
26 + 4 + 8 31 + 9 + 3
30 + 8 40 + 3
38 43

• Both girls expand the number 12. Write each girl’s expanded form.

and and

• Why do you think they expand the number 12 differently? Explain.

94 ninety-_four Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply written math strategies for addition and subtraction

Let’s Learn

Making multiples of ten is a strategy used to solve addition mentally.

26 + 12
Expand the
smallest addend to
26 + 4 + 8
Make a multiple of ten.
make a multiple of ten 30 + 8
with the larger addend.
38

Add to find the answer.

Let’s Practice

1. Expand the red addend. Calculate the answer mentally. Apply

a. 18 + 16 = c. 33 + 15 =
16 = + 15 = +

b. 23 + 29 = d. 17 + 22 =
23 = + 17 = +

ninety-_five 95
95
Section 2 / Mental Math Strategies

Doubles
Let’s Connect
What is
22 + 15? 7 + 15 + 15

• What number did expand?

• expanded the number into what numbers? and

• What number is repeated in ’s equation?

Let’s Learn

Making doubles is another strategy used to solve addition mentally.

22 + 15
Expand one of the
numbers. 7 + 15 + 15 Make and add doubles.
7 + 30
37 Calculate the answer.

96 ninety-_six Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply mental math strategies with addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice
1. Circle the double of the highlighted number. Recognize

a. b. c. d.
4 15 18 25
8 9 30 35 36 39 40 50

2. Match the addition equation to its expanded form. Relate

19 + 12 20 + 20 + 6

20 + 26 6 + 15 + 15

9 + 14 7 + 12 + 12

21 + 15 9 + 9 + 5

3. Solve using doubles. Apply

a. 6 + 8 b. 18 + 8

+ + + +

+ +

ninety-seven 97
97
Section 2 / Mental Math Strategies

Add or Subtract Tens

Let’s Connect

Color your answer.

30 + 10
3 + 1 = 4 • Why did get the number 4 ?

He only added the tens digit.

He only added the ones digit.

• What happens to the digit in the other position?

It is removed. You keep it.

• So, what is 30 + 10?

4 40

Let’s Learn

A mental math strategy to solve addition and subtraction of multiples of ten is to add or
subtract the tens digits. Then, keep the ones digit that is 0.

• addition • subtraction
Add the tens Subtract the
digits. tens digits.

30 + 10 = 40 50 – 20 = 30
Keep the zero. Keep the zero.

98 ninety-_eight Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and apply mental math strategies with addition and subtraction

Let’s Practice
1. Look at the example. Solve. Apply

1 + 2 = 3 10 + 20 = 30
a. 4 –3 = 40 – 30 =

b. 2 + 3 = 20 + 30 =

c. 5 – 2 = 50 – 20 =

2. Use mental math. Write the answer. Apply

a. 20 + 20 = c. 30 – 10 =

b. 40 + 10 = d. 50 – 30 =

Quiz Yourself

Your teacher asks you to solve each problem using mental math. Which is the best
strategy to use for each problem? Color your answer.

27 + 22 6 + 13 15 + 21

Count. Count. Count.

Make multiples of ten. Make multiples of ten. Make multiples of ten.

ninety-nine 99
99


Let’s Check!
Mental Math Strategies

1. Listen to the equations your teacher reads out loud. Write the answer.

a. d.

b. e.

c. f.

Chilean Standard and Expanded Formss

2. Use the expanded and standard forms to solve.

Look carefully at the equation

to see if you are adding or
subtracting.

a. 33 + 14 b. 48 – 26
33 = + 48 = +

14 = + 26 = +

+ +

100 _one _hundred

 Unit 3

Intermediate Evaluation

Numbered Tape and the Relationship between Addition and Subtraction

3. Solve the equation using the numbered tape. Check your answer.

a. 34 + 14 =

Check: =

b. 44 – 11 =

Check: =

How Did You Do?

For each color a .

_one _hundred _one 101

Módulo
Section

1 Word Problems
3
Combination Word Problems
Let’s Connect

We will plant 15

and 12 .

trowel

seedling

• What action do we use to find the total number of flowers planted? Circle.

combine take away

• What operation is related to this action? Circle.

addition subtraction

• How many flowers are they planting in all?

102 _one _hundred _t Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Contar,
Understand
leer yand
representar
solve different
númerosword
hasta
problems
el 20.

Let’s Learn

Combination word problems are related to the actions of combining and separating.

15 _and 12 were _planted _in _a _garden.

How many _flowers were _planted _in _all?
To solve this problem, look at:

The facts: 15 _and 12 .

The question: How many _flowers were _planted _in _all?
The action used
to solve the combine
problem:
The operation used to
solve the problem: _addition
Remember the
With this information you can: strategies you learned
to solve equations.
Write the equation
and solve:
15 + 12 = 27
27 _flowers were _planted
Answer: _in _all. Remember
You can check your answer
using the relationship
Check or prove your 27 – 15 = 12 between addition and
answer: 27 – 12 = 15 subtraction.

_one _hundred _three 103

Section 3 / Word Problems

Let’s Practice
1. Use the key to underline important facts. Circle the action needed to solve. Interpret

facts question

a. Christina used 30 and 20 to make a necklace.

How many does Christina’s necklace have?

Action: combine take away

Fun Fact!
b. John has a collection of 15 .
The spinning top, known
as the trompo, is a very
12 of these are small and the rest are big. popular toy in Latin
America. There are
How many big does John have? different kinds around
the world.

Action: combine take away

2. Circle the equation that will solve the problem. Interpret

a. Gabriel and Albert collect sports magazines. They have 40 magazines, and 20 are
Gabriel’s. How many magazines does Albert have?

40 + 20 40 – 20

b. There are and in a garden. If there are 30 and 19 , how many flowers
are there in all?

30 + 19 30 – 19

104 _one _hundred _four Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and solve different word problems

3. Solve. Analyze

a. Aldo and Elliot are a team in a game of memory cards.

Aldo wins 30 points, and Pedro wins 14 points.
How many points did their team win in all?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

b. There are 25 apples on a tree.
12 of the apples are ripe.
How many apples are not ripe?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

_one _hundred _five 105

105
Section 3 / Word Problems

Word Problems with a Change

Let’s Connect
We have
22 books.
Daniela will donate
books 25 more books.

table

box

• After Daniela’s donation, will there be more or fewer books? Circle.

more books fewer books

• What action is used to know the total amount of books after Daniela’s donation?
Circle.

remove add

• What operation is related to this action? Circle your answer.

addition subtraction
Word Focus
When you donate
something you give
• How many books are there after Daniela’s donation? it away for free.

106 _one _hundred _six Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and solve different word problems

Let’s Learn

Word problems with a change relate to the actions of adding or removing, or moving
forward or backward.

A _book _fair _collected 22 .

D_aniela _donates 25 .
How many _has _the _book _fair _collected _in _total?
We solve problems with change the same way we solve word problems that put things
together. You should look at: the facts, the action, and the equation that will solve the
problem. Then, you can answer the question and check your answer.

Let’s Practice
1. Write the equation that will solve each problem. Interpret

a. b.
How many squares
If you add 8 tokens to the box, there
did I move forward if I
are 29 tokens in total. How many
was on square 23 ?
tokens were in the box to start with?

= =

_one _hundred seven 107

107
Section 3 / Word Problems

1. Solve the word problems. Analyze

2.

a. Rose organized 34 books on a book shelf.

Her friend Lucia gave her 10 more books to organize.
How many books are there on the book shelf in all?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

b. Charles had 28 pencils and then gave Luis some.

Charles now has 21 pencils.
How many pencils did he give Luis?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

108 _one _hundred _eight Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Understand and solve different word problems

c. Peter and Camilo have collected 23 cans for a recycling campaign.

Their friend Jorge gave them 6 more cans.
How many cans do they have in all?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the facts in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

d. Ana wants to go to 45 different cities.

She visits 12 cities.
How many more does she need to visit?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: = Challenge
Act out the word
problems from a and b.

_one _hundred nine 109

109
Section 3 / Word Problems

Write a Word Problem

Let’s Learn

To write a word problem you should follow these steps:

1. Think about the context of the word problem.

For example: T_he number _of _tokens _in _a _box.
2. Decide which operation will solve the word problem.
For example: _addition
3 . Decide on which facts are presented in the word problem.

For example: T_here _are 23 _red _tokens _and 23 _green _tokens.

4. Decide on the right question of the word problem.
For example: How many _tokens _are _there _in _total?
5. Write the word problem.

T_here _are 23 _red _tokens _and 23 _green _tokens _in _a _box.

For example:

How many _tokens _are _in _the _box _in _total?

Word Focus
Let’s Practice
Context is the situation or
1. Write a word problem using the steps. Create condition.

1st Write the context.

110 _one _hundred _ten Unit 3 / Numbers and Operations

 Create word problems

2nd Circle the operation.

addition subtraction

3rd Write the facts.

T_here _are

4th Write the question.

How many

5th Write the word problem.

Quiz Yourself
Read the information and answer.

A deck of memory cards has 18 animal cards and 18 fruit cards.

• Which question asks about a change? Circle.

How many cards are there If you take out the fruit cards, how many
in the deck in all? memory cards will you have left over?

_one _hundred _eleven 111

111
 Problem Solving
Word Problems with Adding and Removing
Look and Learn

Fran made 16 pancakes.

Her brother ate 3 pancakes.
How many pancakes does Fran have left over?

Identify the facts and what is being asked.

Step 1

16 _pancakes _are made _ F _ran.

Facts:
3 _pancakes _are _eaten _ _her _brother.
Question: How many _pancakes _does F _ran _have _left _over?

Use squares to represent the word problem.

Step 2
16

3
When you subtract a quantity
Write the equation and calculate it.
Step 3 from a number, you get the
difference.
?

16 – 3 =

Answer the question.

Step 4
Answer: F _ran _has 13 _pancakes _left _over.
112 _one _hundred _twelve
 Unit 3

Your Turn!

Joey has 19 baseball trading cards.

He gives 12 cards to a friend.
How many cards does he have left?

Identify the facts and what is being asked.

Step 1

Facts:

Answer:

Use squares to represent the word problem.

Step 2

Write the equation and calculate it.

Step 3
?
– =

Answer the question.

Step 4

Answer:

_one _hundred _thirteen 113

Real Life Connection
Equations help me understand what I read.

The Boat from San Andres

A noise you cannot see
is heard in the port of San Andres.
Who is here? Who is getting closer?
It is the new boat from the bay.
It picked up thirteen men and five children
on its way.
Who is here? Who are they?
How many people did the boat pick up in all?
Let’s add them up!

13 + 5 =
The boat continues on its way
and drops three passengers to a submarine.
Now, tell me, how many of the people who boarded
the boat are left over?
Editorial team

– =
mountains
boat

life ring

submarine’s telescope

114 _one _hundred _fourteen

Read or listen to “The Boat from San Andres” and answer.

Math Skills

• Complete the with numbers. Solve.

• How many passengers are on the boat in each step? Underline the important numbers.
Then, write the equation and solve.
- If the boat drops 4 passengers to the submarine. – =

- If the boat drops 6 passengers to the submarine and picks up 5 more passengers.

– = + =

Writing Skills

• What port did the boat arrive at?

• What did the boat do during its trip?

• Where did the boat leave some of the passengers?

_one _hundred _fifteen 115

The Chilean National Standardized Exam

Simce Strategies
MR
Simce es marca registrada del Ministerio de Educación.

Look and Learn

Mark the correct answer with an . This is a general instruction to

answer the question.

Read the problem and answer questions 1 and 2.

In some cases, instructions
Esteban lives on the 22nd floor of a building. apply to a group of questions.

He has to go down 11 floors to visit Camila.

What floor does Camila live on? There are facts that give you
enough information to answer
the questions.
1 Which operation is related to the problem?
A Addition.

B Subtraction. There are 2 questions that

are answered by the same
word problem.

2 Using the expanded form, which calculation solves the

problem?

A 22 = 20 + 2
11 = 10 + 1
10 + 1
11 Each question has answer choices.
Remember that you need to mark
B 22 = 20 + 2 the correct answer with an .
11 = 10 + 1
30 + 3
33

116
116 _one _hundred _sixteen
 Unit 3

What Did You Learn? Final Evaluation

Mental Math Strategies

1. Listen to the equations your teacher reads out loud. Write the answer.

a. c.

b. d.

Write Word Problems

2. Write a word problem using the following information.

Context:P_etals _is _a _flower _shop.

Operation: _subtraction
Facts: 35 _flowers _in _total _and 23 _roses.

Word problem:

_one _hundred seventeen 117

What Did You Learn?

Combination Word Problems and Word Problems with a Change

3. Solve the problems.

a. My mother gave me $25 . Now, I have $47. How much money did I
have before?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

b. My photo album has 32 pictures. Yesterday I added 16 more pictures.

How many pictures are in my photo album now?

Underline the facts in .

Underline the question in .

Action: Equation: =

Answer:

Check: =

118
118 _one _hundred _eighteen
 Unit 3

Mark the correct answer with an .

Read the problem and answer questions 4 and 5.

Someone gave Felipe a story with 35 pages.

He reads 12 pages of the story.
How many pages does he need to read to finish the story?

4. What action is involved in this problem?

A Combine.
B Take away.

5. Which numbered tape correctly shows the steps necessary to solve

the problem?
+ 10 +2

3 34 A 3 5 3336
2734 37
3 5 329
8 39
3 0 4 5431
04 6 47
432
0 4842
33 34 35 36

–2 – 10

3 34 B 3 5 2136
2722 37
23 24329
8 25 39
3 0 431
0 332
5 3642
33 34 35 36 3
Find T
est 3
Study
Page

How Did You Do?

For each color a .

_one _hundred nineteen 119