A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers with rows and columns. Matrix multiplication involves multiplying corresponding elements and summing across rows. For matrix addition, elements in the same position are added. The identity matrix has 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere. The transpose switches rows and columns. The inverse of a square matrix A satisfies AA-1=I. Vectors represent points in space and can be added, subtracted, multiplied using dot and cross products. Determinants provide a value for square matrices and are calculated by summing products of elements and their cofactors.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers with rows and columns. Matrix multiplication involves multiplying corresponding elements and summing across rows. For matrix addition, elements in the same position are added. The identity matrix has 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere. The transpose switches rows and columns. The inverse of a square matrix A satisfies AA-1=I. Vectors represent points in space and can be added, subtracted, multiplied using dot and cross products. Determinants provide a value for square matrices and are calculated by summing products of elements and their cofactors.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers with rows and columns. Matrix multiplication involves multiplying corresponding elements and summing across rows. For matrix addition, elements in the same position are added. The identity matrix has 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere. The transpose switches rows and columns. The inverse of a square matrix A satisfies AA-1=I. Vectors represent points in space and can be added, subtracted, multiplied using dot and cross products. Determinants provide a value for square matrices and are calculated by summing products of elements and their cofactors.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers with rows and columns. Matrix multiplication involves multiplying corresponding elements and summing across rows. For matrix addition, elements in the same position are added. The identity matrix has 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere. The transpose switches rows and columns. The inverse of a square matrix A satisfies AA-1=I. Vectors represent points in space and can be added, subtracted, multiplied using dot and cross products. Determinants provide a value for square matrices and are calculated by summing products of elements and their cofactors.
A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers with m rows and n columns. The element aij refers to row i and a1 a2 a3 column j. b1 b2 b3 a1b2 c3 a 2b3c1 a3b1c2 a3b2 c1 a2 b1c3 a1b3c2 Multiplication c1 c2 c3 If A = (aik) is an m n matrix and B = (bkj) is an n s matrix, the matrix product AB is an m s matrix n VECTORS C ci j ail blj l 1
where n is the common integer representing the number of j
columns of A and the number of rows of B (l and k = 1, 2, , n). i Addition k If A = (aij) and B = (bij) are two matrices of the same size m n, the sum A + B is the m n matrix C = (cij) where cij = aij + bij. Identity The matrix I = (aij) is a square n n identity matrix where aii = 1 for i = 1, 2, , n and aij = 0 for i j. Transpose The matrix B is the transpose of the matrix A if each entry bji in B is the same as the entry aij in A and conversely. In equation form, the transpose is B = AT. Inverse A = axi + ayj + azk The inverse B of a square n n matrix A is Addition and subtraction: adj A A + B = (ax + bx)i + (ay + by)j + (az + bz)k B A1 , where A A B = (ax bx)i + (ay by)j + (az bz)k T adj(A) = adjoint of A (obtained by replacing A elements The dot product is a scalar product and represents the with their cofactors, see DETERMINANTS) and projection of B onto A times A . It is given by A = determinant of A. AB = axbx + ayby + azbz DETERMINANTS = A B cos = BA A determinant of order n consists of n2 numbers, called the The cross product is a vector product of magnitude elements of the determinant, arranged in n rows and n B A sin which is perpendicular to the plane columns and enclosed by two vertical lines. containing A and B. The product is In any determinant, the minor of a given element is the i j k determinant that remains after all of the elements are struck out that lie in the same row and in the same column as the A B ax a y az B A given element. Consider an element which lies in the jth column and the ith row. The cofactor of this element is b x b y bz the value of the minor of the element (if i + j is even), and it is the negative of the value of the minor of the element (if i + j is odd). If n is greater than 1, the value of a determinant of order n is the sum of the n products formed by multiplying each element of some specified row (or column) by its cofactor. This sum is called the expansion of the determinant [according to the elements of the specified row (or column)]. For a second-order determinant: a1 a2 a1b2 a2 b1 b1 b2