15 RMM Winter Edition 2019

Number 15 Winter 2019
ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE
Founding Editor
DANIEL SITARU
Available online ISSN-L 2501-0099
www.ssmrmh.ro
ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE
PROBLEMS FOR JUNIORS

JP.211. Prove that there are infinitely many triples (a, b, c) of
positive integers satisfying:
a3 + b3 + c3
− abc = a + b + c
3
Proposed by Nguyen Viet Hung - Hanoi - Vietnam
JP.212. Find all real roots of the following equation:

(x3 − 2)3 + (x2 − 2)2 = 0
JP.213. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

holds:
r X B C
(7R2 − 4r 2 ) ≤ m2a tan2 tan2 ≤ 4R2 − 13r 2
4R 2 2
Proposed by Marin Chirciu - Romania

holds:
27r 3 X A 27R2
≤ m2a sin2 ≤
2R 2 16

holds:
r X A 1 2r
(4R + r)2 · ≤ m2a cos2 ≤ (4R + r)2 · 5−
2R 2 16 R

holds:
(4R + r)2 X B C 3(4R + r)2 3
(−2R2 +17r 2 ) ≤ m2a cot2 cot2 ≤ 2 (R −5r 3 )
r(R + r) 2 2 r (2R − r)
1
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Winter Edition 2019

holds:
X X 3
n sin2 A − k cos3 A ≤ (6n − k), where n, k ≥ 0
8
JP.218. Let a, b and c be positive real numbers. Prove that:

a4 +b4 b4 +c4 c4 +a4
(a) (a2 −ab+b 2 )2 + (b2 −bc+c2 )2 + (c2 −ca+a2 )2 ≤ 6
q
5 5
q
b5 +c5
q
c5 +a5
√
(b) aa2 +b+b2 + 2
b +c 2 + c2 +a2
≥ 3 abc
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos - Messolonghi - Greece
JP.219. Let be a, b, c > 0 such that: a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 = 3a2 b2 c2 .

Find the maximum value of:
ab bc
P = 6 5 4 2
+ 6 +
2a − a + b + a + 1 2b − b + c4 + b2 + 1
5
ca
+ 6
2c − c + a4 + c2 + 1
5
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Hanoi - Vietnam
JP.220. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that:

b+c c+a a+b 4(a2 + b2 + c2 ) 2(ab + bc + ca)
+ + ≥ +
a b c ab + bc + ca a2 + b2 + c2
JP.221. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle. The perpendicu-

lars from O on ∆ABC sides, intersect BC, AC and AB sides in
A1 , A2 , A3 and the circumcircle of ∆ABC in the points A2 , B2 , C2 .
Prove that:
∗
A1 An n n n
2 + B1 B2 + C1 C2 ≥ 3r , ∀n ∈ N
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania
JP.222. In ABC triangle the following relationship holds:

b hc a hc c ha b ha a hb c hb
wc wc wa wa wb wb
a +b +b +c +c +a ≤ 4s
a b b c c a
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru - Romania
JP.223. Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle with

circumradius R. Prove that:
a(a3 + (b + c)3 ) + b(b3 + (c + a)3 ) + c(c3 + (a + b)3 ) ≤ 243R4
2 Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099
JP.224. Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle with

circumradius R. Prove that:
( a+b )3 + ( b+c )3 + ( c+a )3 + 3
c
1
a
1
b
1 ≤ (3R)4
a4
+ b4
+ c4
JP.225. Solve the following system of equations:

(
x3 + 2x + 3 = 8y 3 − 6xy + 4y
p p
x2 − 2y + 2 + x2 − 4y + 4 = x2 − 3y + 4
PROBLEMS FOR SENIORS

SP.211. Find all real roots of the following equation:
p p
2 − x2 + 2n 2|x| − 1 = (x2 − 1)2m + 2
2n
where m, n are positive integers.

SP.212. Evaluate:
1 2 n
be n c + be n c + · · · + be n c
lim
n→∞ n
where bxc denotes the integer part of x.
SP.213. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

holds:
9r 2 2 2
X B C 1
2
(2R − 5r ) ≤ m2a sin2 sin2 ≤ (4R4 − 37r 4 )
4R 2 2 4R2
SP.214. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

holds:
3r 2 2
X
2 2 B 2 C 3
(4R + r) ≤ ma cos cos < (4R + r)2
4R2 2 2 16
Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099 3
SP.215. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

a + b + c + 1 = 4abc. Prove that:
a2 b b2 c c2 a 1
+ + ≥
b + 5c c + 5a a + 5b 2
SP.216. Let I be the incentre of a triangle ABC with inradius

r, and let K, L, M be the intersection points of the segments
AI, BI, CI with the incribed circle of the triangle ABC, respec-
tively. Prove that:
AK n + BLn + CM n ≥ 3 · r n
for each positive integer n.
SP.217. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that:

(a3 + b3 )(b3 + c3 )(c3 + a3 ) = 8. Find the minimum value of:
a b
T = + +
(b2 + bc + c2 )(a + 2b)2 (c2 + ca + a2 )(b + 2c)2
c
+
(a2
+ ab + b2 )(c + 2a)2
SP.218. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that:

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3. Find the minimum of the expression:
x y z
P = q + q + q
8
4 y +z 8 8
4 z +x 8 4 x +y 8
8
2
+ 3yz 2
+ 3zx 2
+ 3xy
SP.219. Prove the following inequality:

n n
X a2k 1 X
≥ ak
k=1
ak + (n + 1)(s − ak ) n2 k=1
where a1 , a2 , . . . , an are any strictly positive real numbers and we

make the notation s = a1 + a2 + . . . + an
Proposed by Vasile Mircea Popa - Romania
4 Daniel
SP.220. Let a, b, c > 0 such that: a + b + c = 3. Find the minimum

of the expression:
a b c
P = p + p + p +
3
4(b6 + c6 ) + 7bc 3 4(c6 + a6 ) + 7ca 3 4(a6 + b6 ) + 7ab
(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
+
24
SP.221. Prove that in any ∆ABC the following inequality holds:

q q
3 2 2 2
(π − A)ma · (π − B)mb · (π − C)mc ≥ 4 (π − A)a2 (π − B)b2 (π − C)c2 ,
A, B, C the measures in radians of the angles.
SP.222. Let ABC be a triangle and A0 , B 0 , C 0 the intersection

points of the simedians with circumcircle. Prove that:
6r 1 1 1 3R
2
≤ 0
+ 0
+ 0
≤
R KA KB KC 4r 2
SP.223. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

! ! !
b hc a hc c ha b ha a hb c hb
wc wc wa wa wb wb
a +b b +c c +a ≥ 8abc
a b b c c a
SP.224. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

(s2 + ra rb )(s2 + rb rc )(s2 + rc ra )
≥8
(s2 − ra rb )(s2 − rb rc )(s2 − rc ra )
SP.225. Let a, b, c, d be positive real numbers with abcd = 1.

Prove that:
!
X 1 1 X 1 X
2
≤ +2 a
cyc
a(b + c + d) 9 cyc a2 cyc
Daniel
UNDERGRADUATE
PROBLEMS
UP.211. Calculate the integral:
Z 1√
x ln x
dx
0 x2 + 1
UP.212. Calculate the limit of the sequence (an )n≥1 defined by

the following relationship:
1 2
Z
an = ln(1 + en·arctan x )dx
n 1
UP.213. Let A ∈ M3 (R) invertible such that: Tr A = Tr A−1 = 1.

Prove that:
det(A2 + A + I3 ) ≥ 3 det A
UP.214. Find:
1 1 1
!
1+ 2
+ 3
+ ... + 2n −1
Ω = lim
n→∞ en
UP.215. If 0 < a ≤ b < π2 then:

Z b Z b
cot x + cot y + tan(x + y) π(b − a)
dxdy ≤
a a cot x cot y tan(x + y) 2
UP.216. If 0 < a ≤ b < π2 then:

(1 + tan x)(1 + tan y)(1 + tan( π4 − x − y))
Z bZ b
dxdy ≤ π(b − a)
a a 1 + tan x tan y tan( π4 − x − y)
UP.217. Find:
!
Z π − 9x π − 3x π + 3x π + 9x
Ω= tan tan tan x tan tan dx
3 3 3 3
6 Daniel
√
3
√
3
UP.218. Let be G = {a + b 5+c 25|a, b, c ∈ Q}. Prove that if
x ∈ G then x2019 ∈ G
UP.219. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc = 1.

Prove that:
a3 b3 c3
+ + ≥1
b4 c(a2 + ac + c2 ) c4 a(b2 + ba + a2 ) a4 b(c2 + cb + b2 )
1 n
UP.220. If en = (1 + n
∈ N∗ then find:
) ;n

Ω = lim (e − en ) · eHn
n→∞
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu - Romania
√
xn 2 n = b ∈ (0, ∞);
UP.221. If (xn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞); limn→∞ √ n
· e
an = n √1 then find:
P
k=1 k

Ω = lim (ean+1 − ean ) · xn
n→∞
UP.222. If a > 0; (xn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

log(n + axn ) = Hn − γ then find Ω = lim xn
n→∞
UP.223. If (an )n≥1 ; (bn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

n+1 √
a 1 b
n+1
lim · √ = a > 0; lim · n =b>0
n→∞ an n n n→∞ bn
then find:
p 1 n+1
Ω = lim n an bn · 1 + −e
n→∞ n
UP.224. If (an )n≥1 ; (bn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

a b
n n+1
lim = a > 0; lim = b > 0 then find:
n→∞ n n→∞ an bn
p p
Ω = lim n+1 bn+1 − n bn
n→∞
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru - Romania
Daniel
UP.225. If m ∈ N then in ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

a m+1 b m+1 c m+1
3m cot A + cot B + cot C ≥m+2
ha hb hc
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru - Romania
Mathematics Department, ”Theodor Costescu” National Economic, Col-

lege Drobeta Turnu - Severin, MEHEDINTI, ROMANIA
8 Daniel

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Number 15 Winter 2019

ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE

PROBLEMS FOR JUNIORS

JP.212. Find all real roots of the following equation:

JP.213. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

JP.214. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

JP.215. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

JP.216. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

JP.217. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

JP.218. Let a, b and c be positive real numbers. Prove that:

JP.219. Let be a, b, c > 0 such that: a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 a2 = 3a2 b2 c2 .

JP.220. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that:

JP.221. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle. The perpendicu-

JP.222. In ABC triangle the following relationship holds:

JP.223. Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle with

JP.224. Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle with

JP.225. Solve the following system of equations:

PROBLEMS FOR SENIORS

where m, n are positive integers.

SP.213. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

SP.214. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

SP.215. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

SP.216. Let I be the incentre of a triangle ABC with inradius

SP.217. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that:

SP.218. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that:

SP.219. Prove the following inequality:

where a1 , a2 , . . . , an are any strictly positive real numbers and we

SP.220. Let a, b, c > 0 such that: a + b + c = 3. Find the minimum

SP.221. Prove that in any ∆ABC the following inequality holds:

SP.222. Let ABC be a triangle and A0 , B 0 , C 0 the intersection

SP.223. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

SP.224. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

SP.225. Let a, b, c, d be positive real numbers with abcd = 1.

UP.212. Calculate the limit of the sequence (an )n≥1 defined by

UP.213. Let A ∈ M3 (R) invertible such that: Tr A = Tr A−1 = 1.

UP.215. If 0 < a ≤ b < π2 then:

UP.216. If 0 < a ≤ b < π2 then:

UP.219. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc = 1.

UP.222. If a > 0; (xn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

UP.223. If (an )n≥1 ; (bn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

UP.224. If (an )n≥1 ; (bn )n≥1 ⊂ (0, ∞) such that:

UP.225. If m ∈ N then in ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

Mathematics Department, ”Theodor Costescu” National Economic, Col-

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