SUB: PCE Sem:IV

EXPERIMENT 1

TITLE: DSB-FC AM

AIM: Generation & Detection of Double Side Band – Full Carrier Amplitude Modulation
(DSB-FC AM) Signal.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
1. To understand the concept of AM, Power Spectrum of AM, the effect on the modulation
index by changing the Em.
2. To study a Technique to modulate the signal.
3. To study a Technique to Detect an AM Signal
4. Able to Specify Application, Advantages and Disadvantages

REQUIREMENTS: AM Modulation And Demodulation Trainer, CRO and CRO Probes,

Connecting wires.

THEORY:
MODULATION: Modulation is the process of changing amplitude or frequency or phase of a carrier
wave in accordance with the intensity of the signal.

TYPES OF MODULATION:
There are three basic types of modulation
1. Amplitude Modulation
2. Frequency Modulation
3. Phase Modulation
In India, amplitude modulation is used in radio broadcasting. However, in television transmission,
frequency modulation is used for sound signal and amplitude modulation for picture signal.

AM CONCEPT:
In Amplitude modulation, the amplitude of a carrier signal is varied by the modulating voltage
whose frequency is invariably lower than that of the carrier frequency. In practice, the carrier
frequency may be high-frequency (HF), while the modulating frequency is audio frequency.
Formally, AM is defined as a system of modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier
signal is made proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating voltage.

Amplitude modulation of a carrier signal normally results in two mirror-image sidebands. The
signal components above the carrier frequency constitute the upper sideband (USB), and those
below the carrier frequency constitute the lower sideband (LSB). For example, if a 900 kHz
carrier is amplitude modulated by a 1 kHz audio signal, there will be components at 899 kHz
and 901 kHz as well as 900 kHz in the generated Radio Frequency spectrum; so an audio
bandwidth of (say) 7 kHz will require a radio spectrum bandwidth of 14 kHz. In conventional
AM transmission, as used by "Broadcast Band" AM stations, the original audio signal can be
recovered ("detected") by either synchronous detector circuits or by simple envelope detectors
because the carrier and both sidebands are present. This is sometimes called double sideband
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SUB: PCE Sem:IV

amplitude modulation (DSB-AM), but not all variants of DSB are compatible with envelope
detectors.

Modulation Index:
Amplitude modulation requires a high frequency constant carrier and a low frequency
modulation signal.
A sine wave carrier is of the form
where
A sine wave modulation signal is of the form
where

Envelope: the amplitude of the high frequency carrier takes on the shape of the lower
frequency modulation signal, forming what is called a modulation envelope.
From AM Envelope can be written as:

Where and

Now Consider,

If = 0 then Carrier Signal

If then Critical Signal

If then Modulating Signal

If then Over modulation

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SUB: PCE Sem:IV

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

a) AM Modulation:

b) AM Demodulation:

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the AC Supply to the Kit

2. Make connections and settings as shown in block diagram No. 1
3. Set the Frequency selector switch to 200 Hz.
4. Connect the SINE WAVE GENERATOR output to the ‘Modulating I/P’ post of AM
Modulator block
5. Connect the carrier output from Carrier Generator to the Carrier I/P post of AM Modulator
block
6. Connect the AM O/P to the AM I/P of AM DEMODULATOR section
7. Switch ON the power
8. Observe the AM Modulated data at ‘OUT’ of AM O/P
9. Observe the following waveforms on oscilloscope.
a. Sine Wave Generator O/P.
b. Carrier O/P
c. AM O/P at AM Modulator.
d. AM Demodulated signal at AM DEMOD O/P.

CALCULATE:

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SUB: PCE Sem:IV

n
from the diagram.

fig.
adjusting the RC time constant of the filter circuit we get minimum distorted output.

because of RC components.
itudes.

OBSERVATION:

Effect of modulating signal on modulation index

Carrier Voltage =
Sr.No Case Vmax Vmin MI Type of Modulation
1 Ec>Em

2 Ec = Em

3 Ec<Em

WAVEFORM:
1. Plot graph for under modulation( m<1), critical(m=1) and over modulation(m>1)
2. Plot Power Spectrum and find BW
3. Plot trapezoidal pattern.

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SUB: PCE Sem:IV

CONCLUSION:

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