DEHYDRATION

OF NATURAL
GAS ]
[5/12/2022] [Contents :]

[. Introduction
. Definition of dehydration process
. Types of dehydration process
. Treatment and removal of the acid in natural gas

[Dehydration system ]
[INTRODUCTION ]

•
 [Type the document title]

Introduction :
• Natural gas to be transported by pipeline must meet certain specifications

• This chapter focuses on principles of field processing for removing water, H2S, and CO2, and selection of
required equipment.

Water Content of Natural Gas Streams

Solubility of water in natural gas increases with temperature and decreases with pressure.
• Water content of untreated natural gases is around a few hundred pounds per million standard cubic foot
of gas;.
The Dew point is defined as the temperature at which natural gas is saturated at a given pressure..

• Dew-point depression is the difference between the dew point temp. of saturated gas stream and the
same stream after it has been dehydrated.

Dehydration system

Dehydration systems used in the natural gas industry fall into four categories in principle:
(a) direct cooling
(b) compression followed by cooling (c) absorption
(d) adsorption.

Dehydration by Cooling

The ability of natural gas to contain water vapor decreases as the temperature is lowered at constant
pressure Cooling for the purpose of gas dehydration is sometimes economical if the gas temperature is
unusually high.

Dehydration by Adsorption

Page 1
 [Type the document title]

Adsorption is defined as the ability of a substance to hold gases or liquids on its surface..

Absorption

In this method, water vapor is removed through direct contact with a liquid that absorbs moisture. Glycol [
diethylene glycol ] is considered one of the most liquid materials used to remove hydrates. : , and its high
hydrate removal efficiency.

the advantages relative to diethylene glycol (DEG):

Vapor losses are lower

Operating costs are lower

Glycol regeneration

that you can always restore the look of your document to the original contained in your current

Design of the hydration unit:

Page 2
 [Type the document title]

With information about the gas flow rate, operating pressure, gas inlet temperature, the outlet gas water
content required, and the specified gas gravity the Dehydrators with TEG can be sized.

Inlet Scrubber:

Two-phase inlet scrubbers are typically built with a 7 1/2-foot shell height. Based on the operating
pressure and necessary gas capacity, it is possible to establish the vertical in scrubber's minimum required
diameter.

Glycol-Gas Contactor:

The typical height of a glycol contactor is 7 1/2 feet. Based on the gas capacity of the contactor for standard
gas of 0.7 specific gravity at standard temperature 100 °F, the minimum needed diameter of the contactor
can be calculated.

*If the gas or temperature is different from the standard, a correction should first be made using the
relation:

qs = Q/(Ct*Cg)

*To determine how much water will be removed from the Glycol dehydration unit per hour, the water rate
can be calculated as: wr = (Cwi - Cw)q /24

Glycol Reconcentrator:

Calculating the necessary glycol circulation rate is the first step in sizing the various components of a glycol
reconcentrator. Using the equation: qG = (GWR)Cw*q/24

Reboiler:

The required heat load for the reboiler can be approximately estimated using the relation: Ht=2000qG

Page 3
 [Type the document title]

Glycol Circulating Pump:

The maximum operating pressure of the contactor and the glycol circulation rate can be used to size the
glycol circulating pump. The lean glycol is pumped to the top of the con x0002_ tractor by commonly used
glycol powered pumps, which are powered by the rich glycol at the bottom of the tractor The
manufacturers of these pumps should be consulted to meet the specific needs of the glycol dehydrator.

Glycol Flash Separator:

To remove any entrained hydrocarbons from the rich glycol, a glycol flash separator is often installed
downstream from the glycol pump. A small 125 psi vertical two-phase separator is usually adequate for this
purpose. The separator should be sized with at least a five-minute liquid retention duration in the vessel in
consideration. Vs =qG*Tr/60

THE processes used for removing acid gases from natural gas:

1-Iron-Sponge Sweetening:

the sponge being a hydrated iron oxide Fe2O3 supported on wood shavings.

2-Alkanolamine Sweetening:

(MEA),(TEA) and (DEA) are used for the removing process.

MEA is preferred to either DEA or TEA solutions because it is a stronger

base and is more reactive than either DEA or TEA.

Page 4
 [Type the document title]

3-Glycol/Amine Process:

The glycol/amine process uses a solution composed of 10% to 30% weight MEA, 45% to 85% glycol, and 5%
to 25% water for the simultaneous removal of water vapor, H 2 S, and CO 2 from gas streams.

4-Sulfinol Process:

The sulfinol process uses a mixture of solvents (Sulfolane,DIPA,water)

allowing it to behave as both a chemical and physical solvent process.

Set by :

Abdelhafeez Abdelhadi Ibrahim 178017

Abdallah Osama 178018

Dirgam Elsheikh 178016

Hamid Awad Hamid 178013

Page 5