Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Japanese Lesson 13
Japanese Lesson 13
Japanese Lesson 13
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ぶんぽう
文法
■ Short form
We have seen the た and ない forms. These are short form that can be used in an informal context to com-
plete sentences.These forms are not only applied to verbs but also to adjectives and nouns.
ほん げんき あつい
+ in present
- in present じゃない
+ in past だった かった
- in past じゃなかった
しんせつ いい だいがく
+ in present だいがくだ
- in present よくない
+ in past しんせつだった
- in past
-Note-
It doesn’t need to agree with the tense for the subordinate clause.
① I think it is difficult. むずかしいとおもいます。
② I thought it was difficult. (I thought “it is difficult”.) むずかしいとおもいました。
The tense of the subordinate clause is the same (①むずかしい = ②むずかしい) even though
both tenses in English are different. This happens often.
■ 〜といいます
といいます is an expression for quotations. The particle と is used to indicate the quotation. いいます is
the verb いう (to say) in the present affirmative form.
Subordinate clause in the short form + といいます / Someone says that + subordinate clause
11. My elder sister said that the German exam was difficult. (...said “the German exam was difficult”)
-Note-
The negative form of つもりです is つもりはありません.
い-adjective (remove い) + く
な-adjective + に + なる
noun + に
• あつくなりました。
It got hot.
• にほんのせいかつが すきに なりました。
I came to like life in Japan.
• らいねんから だいがくせいに なります。
I will be (become) a university student from next year.
れんしゅう もんだい
練習問題
Complete the following sentences. ANSWERS ×
1. ロンドンで りょうしんを ________________________つもりです。
I plan to guide my family around London.
2. ふるい パソコンを ________ ____________________。
I plan to sell my old PC.
3. おねえさんは りゅうがく____________つもりです。
My elder sister plans to study abroad.
4. サラさんは ケンと えいがかんに ________________つもりです。
Sarah has no intention of going to the cinema with Ken.
5. チケットを ________________ ____________でした。
I didn’t have any intention of buying the ticket.
1. やすい → 2. ゆうめい →
3. さむい → 4. せんせい →
5. げんき → 6. おおきい →
7. きれい → 8. あかい →
9. つよい → 10. じょうず →
10. いいてんき → 12. たのしい →
6. It got colder.