P. A.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution- Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Department of Mechanical Engineering
(Accredited by NBA)
19MEPC503 & DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
CYCLE TEST-II (B) ANSWERKEY
PART – A
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (10*2=20)
1. Distinguish between the unbalanced force caused due to rotating and
reciprocating masses.
The unbalanced force due to reciprocating masses varies in magnitude but constant in
direction while due to the revolving masses; the unbalanced force is constant in
magnitude but varies in direction.
2. State the effects of hammer blow and swaying couple.
The effect of hammer blow is to cause the variation in pressure between the wheel
and the rail, such that vehicle vibrates vigorously
The effect of swaying couple is tends to sway the engine alternately in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions.
3. What do you understand by the term partial balancing?
Balancing of reciprocating masses is done by introducing the balancing mass opposite
to the crank. The vertical component of the dynamic force of this balancing mass
gives rise to “Hammer blow”. In order to reduce the Hammer blow, a part of the
reciprocating mass is balanced. Hence complete balancing is not possible in
reciprocating engines. As a compromise let a fraction „c‟ of the reciprocating masses
is balanced. This is known as partial balancing.
4. Justify the cranks of a locomotive with two cylinders, placed at 90 0 to each other.
The locomotives, usually, have two cylinders with cranks placed at right angles to
each other in order to have uniformity in turning moment diagram
5. Define critical or whirling speed of a shaft. Why is critical speed encountered?
The speed at which the shaft runs so that the additional deflection of the shaft from
the axis of rotation becomes infinite, is known as critical or whirling speed.Rotating
shaft carries different mountings and accessories in the form of gears, pulleys, etc.
When the gears or pulleys are put on the shaft, the centre of gravity of the pulley or
gear does not coincide with the centre line of the bearings or with the axis of the shaft
6. State the natural frequency of torsional vibration of a simple system.

7. What are the causes and effects of vibration? Types of vibrations.

The causes of vibration are unbalanced forces, elastic nature of the system, self
excitation, wind and earthquakes. The existence of vibration elements in any
mechanical system produces unwanted noise, high stress, poor reliability and
premature failure of one or more of the parts.
8. What is the effect of inertia on the shaft in longitudinal and transverse
vibrations?

Longitudinal vibration Transverse vibrations

 9. Define node and anti-node in torsional vibration.
The node location, the amplitude of vibration of the shaft is zero.
At a point maximum amplitude of vibration of the shaft is called as anti-node.
10. Write down the dunkerley’s formula for evaluating the natural frequency of
transverse vibrations of a shaft with several point loads.

PART – B
ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS (3*10=30)
11. An inside cylinder locomotive has its cylinder centre lines 0.7 m apart and has a
stroke of 0.6 m. The rotating masses per cylinder are equivalent to 150 kg at the
crank pin, and the reciprocating masses per cylinder to 180 kg. The wheel centre
lines are 1.5 m apart. The cranks are at right angles. The whole of the rotating
and 2/3 of the reciprocating masses are to be balanced by masses placed at a
radius of 0.6 m. Find the magnitude and direction of the balancing masses. Find
the fluctuation in rail pressure under one wheel, variation of tractive effort and
the magnitude of swaying couple at a crank speed of 300 r.p.m .
12. Define tractive force, swaying couple, Hammer blow and deduce the expression
for maximum and minimum.
13. (i). A shaft 50 mm diameter and 3 metres long is simply supported at the ends
and carries three loads of 1000 N, 1500 N and 750 N at 1 m, 2 m and 2.5 m from
the left support. The Young's modulus for shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Find the
frequencyoftransversevibration.(6)

(ii). Deduce an expression for the natural frequency of free longitudinal

vibrationsby Rayleigh’smethod. (4)
 \

14. A vertical steel shaft 15 mm diameter is held in long bearings 1 metre apart and
carries at its middle a disc of mass 15 kg. The eccentricity of the centre of gravity
of the disc from the centre of the rotor is 0.30 mm. The modulus of elasticity for
the shaft material is 200 GN/m2 and the permissible stress is 70 MN/m2.
Determine:
1. The critical speed of the shaft and 2. The range of speed over which it is
unsafe to run the shaft. Neglect the mass of the shaft.