A

SEMINARON
''HVDC TRANSMISSION''

SUBMII IED
IIY
INTRODUCTION:

► Withthe increasing of requirement of electrical power

supply the facilities have to be increased in that
transmission plays an important role.

► Here HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission

plays major role in power transmission.

► First
HVDC transmission linked between gotland and
mainland in sweden i.n 1954.

► The
HVDC transmission has many advan tages over
HVAC transmission.
HVDC MEANS .....

► HVDC stands for High Voltage Direct Current and is

today a well-proven technology all over the world.

► Two AC systems having different frequencies can be

linked up together by means of HVDC I.ink.

► HVDC technology is used to transmit electricity over

Jong distances.
WHY DC TRANSMISSION?

► Losses are
less in DC transmission while comparing to
AC transmission.

► Only two conductors are required for DC with

?•
positive and negative polarities.

► DCoverhead lines or cables are less

.
expensive.

► DC lines are useful for long distances above

500km.
Comparison of HVAC and HVDC

► Conventionally power transmission is affected

through HVAC systems all over the world.

► HVAC transmi ssion is having several limitations like,

line length, uncontrolled power flow, over/low voltages
during lightly / over loaded conditions, stability
problems, fault isolation etc...

► But HVDC have low transmission losses and it

requires only two conductors.
 HVDC transmission system

.
AC
==
Converter
(}
f'<i
ti ;/
Inverter
I
AC Distribution
Wind Station Station
Transmission Trans mission Line
Power
Line HVOC Line
Tran~mission Line
 S:RMfQNJ;NT~ Rf HYRS:
TMN~MJ~~JQN
1. Converters
2. Smoothing reactors
3. Harmonic filters T--
1-o-<i:,~
I•
Ct ...
-•I

4. Reactive power source t-o-<l'rl:.,;~~ ~1 1

5. Electrodes
6. De lines
.,._r... -
T
AC DC lloe

- - CD· C"- -
7. Ac circuit breakers
....... IM A

~--
t adc: ,DI • Wpo&,, IIVDC , , - .
 ttYR~ ~Y~T~M
~RNfls:i~UTlRN
HVDC Transmission can be broadly classified
into:-

( Monopolar link )

( Bipolar link )

( Homopolar link ]
MONOPOLAR LINK
iA• "• • - • "r-'""u r11A1,
• It uses one conductor.

• The return path is provided by ground or water.

• Use of this system is due to cost considerations.

• A metallic return may be used where earth resistivity is 1.00 high

AC
SYSIDI

YETAUC RElURN
• F.ach teiminal has two converters of equal rated voltage,
connected in series on DC side.

• The junctions between converters is grounded.

• If one pole is isolated due to fault, the other pole can operate
with ground and carry half the rated load ( or more using
overload capabilities of its converter line.)

AC
I I_ AC
S VSTllM
~ '$ S YSTEM

- .

~ ~I
HOMOPOLAR LINK
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• It has two conductors each having same polarity, usually negative.

• Since the corona effect in DC transmission lines is less for

negative polarity, homopolar link is usually operated with negative
polarity.

• The return path for such a system is through ground.

 -

~8~!~ TH8NSMl~~!RN~ Qf HYR~

► Back to Back Transmission.
',- Point to point Overhead line
Transmission.
► Point to point Underground Cable
Tr·ansmission.
► Point to point Sub marine
Tr·ansmission.
 Basic HVDC Transmission
Back to Back

Sen~ng
T111n1f
J .~ t .. -+--.
Receiving

.--End

Velo

Ide

F
-- F

Harmonic FIiter
(Ructive Power)
. Ide
•
I I I
 Basic HVDC Transmission
Point to Point - Overhead Line

Rec:tlfler lnvmer
Sending Rec:elving
End OCUne End
Tr1n1lonne

Ide
F
-- Harmonic FIiter

I ... ..,-• (Reactive Power,

---- -
'
 Basic HVDC Transmissio,
Point to Point - Underground Cable
Flecllfler Inverter

~~ ~ Receiving
End
TransformeJ t
IVdc

F F

Harmonic FIiler
(Resctlve Power}

I
 Basic HVDC Transmission
Point to Point - Submarine Cable
Rectifier lnwrter
Send ing Receiving

~rantloi►n-Mt-t..._,._ t•~
End

..

F F

Harmonic FDler
(Reactive Power)
.Ide •
~ - -· 1 - 4 - - - I I
ADVANTAGES nOFL HVDC
~'°' , , /\ nr
1\\-11.11 1\-,lnr---:,
-----
•

Advantages of HVDC

---

Technical
Advantages a
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES
1rr111A1rwr- wnl\WIA 1wnr"'l
• Lesser Corona Loss and Radio interference.

• The voltage regulation problem is much less

serious for DC, since only the IR drop is
involved. For the same reason steady state
stability is no longer a major problem.

• No skin and proximity and Ferranti effect

• Asynchronous operation possible between

regions having different electrical parameters.
• DC lines and cables are cheaper than AC lines
or cables.

• The towers of the DC lines are narrower,

simpler and cheaper compared to the towers of
the AC lines.

• Line losses in a DC line are lower than the

losses in an AC lines.
DISADVANTAGES OF HVDC
n 1.,w I"'\ " w , " 1 w r, c "'l n L u " n r

• The disadvantages of HVDC are in conversion,

switching,, control, availability and maintenance.

• There is nothing like DC transformer which can

change the voltage level in a simple way. Voltage
transformation has to be provided on the AC sides of
the system.

• The required converter stations are expensive and have

limited overload capacity.
APPLICATIONS OF HVDC TRANSMISSION IN INDIA
, Rihand~delhi and chandrapur-padghe were the first long
distance hvdc projects in India.

, In 1990 ,rihand-delhi (singrauli) thermal power complex

with a combined power generation of Several thousand
MW was put in to service. it covers over a distance of 814
km.

;, The 1500 MW transmission chandrapur-padghe was put

in to service. it covers over distance of 736 km.
 Conclusion
Recent studies indicate that HVDC systems are very
reliable.
,,, Very large investments Eg. In China and India shows that
High Voltage Direct Current will very important in the
future, especially in big and new-industries countries.