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13 Abdomen (Part 1)
13 Abdomen (Part 1)
13 Abdomen (Part 1)
Fascia transversalis
·continuous with a similar layer lining the diaphragm & the iliacus muscle cover the iliacus muscle
· the femoral sheath for the femoral vessels in the lower limbs is formed from the fascia transversalis & themailiaca
Inguinal Canal
-an oblique passage through the lower part of the ant.abdomenal wall
Digestive tract
GI tract
Esophagus
->
Esophagus
fibromuscular tube
C6
=25 cmlength
transports food from pharynx to the stomach
cardia a
·J shape
· it located in the sup. aspect of the abdomen" in Iro, epigastric, & umbilical regions
"
we
·
-rounded portion sup. to &
left of the cardia
surrounds the
sureanomath
·forms the shorter, concre.med surface -
in . to
-large oral
portion
·the most inf. part is angular notch, which
cent
&
along the greater curvature by the Right & Left gastro-omental arteries
hepatic artery
Innervation:
·
from autonomic nervous system
sympathatic nerve-> from T6-Ta spinal cord segments pass to the coeliac plexus. (it also carries some pain
transmitting fibers
3rd main difference:
I
as main difference
sacculation "sac formation"
=20ft long
2.1.5m
20
the tania coli is
(3.4-4.5cm)
cause
diameter (4-6cm)
are
3 small in
large
·
diameter %50new intensein
to parts: duodenum, jejunum, & ileum 40 parts: colon, rectum, caecumid and canal
circular folds absent
so internal surface has circular folds (palical circulares so are
10 small movement
lohastural absent
in the abdomenal cavity
to fixed
very little movement
"hastura present
or
I
12 appeadage is absent
epipolic 120Epipolic appendages are present It main
on the
difference
large
it
intestine
found
only
absorb nutrients from the food it take part in absorption of water &
is it so a
·
longest in
length (4.5-7m)
hohemia
·internally: circular folds (palical circulares) & villi (microscopic finger-like projection
· Villi: help to increase the surface area for the maximum absorption of nutrients deep circular folds of mucosa
& submucosa
report as recen
a
·in this part the food remains for a
longer time (for the absorption &
digestion
·the circular folds will slow down the movement of the food
theygivevelvetyappearanceramp capillary
· main for: chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients
total of 25 cm
7.5 cm
inf. duodenal-
->3rdd last part
flexure
10 cm 2.5 an ends into the large intestine
help in absorbing
the remaining
nutrients, mins, a bile salts
I
B12
The Large intestine:
·a s it doesn't contain villi, it does not have the capacity to absorb nutrients
The peritonerm:
·continuous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity & covers the abdomenal organs
·
support the viscera (organs), & it provide pathways for blood vessels & lymph to travel to a from the viscera
· consist of 2 layers that are continuous (both are madeup of simple squamous epithelial cells "mesothelium")
-Parietal peritoneum: lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall, receives the small somatic nerve
supply as the region of abdominal wall that it lines (therefore the pain from the parietal peritoneum is well localised)
· Peritoneal Carity: is the potential space between the parietal & visceral peritoneum
reduce friction
a space that is located behind
↑
the abdominal/peritoneal cavity
Retroperitoneal Space:
·extend from Tie & the 12trib to the sacrum & the iliac crest below
·the floor/post wall of the space is formed from med to lat, by psoas & quadratus lumborrn muscles
· each of these muscles is covered on the ant surface by a definite layer of fascia
in front of the fascial layer there is an amount of fatty connective tissue that forms a bed for
·it also contains the ureters & the renal & gonadal blood vessels
·the greateromentum connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
(it hangs down infront of the coils of the small intestined is folded back on itself to be attached to the transverse colon.
·the lesser omentum suspends the lesser curvature from the fissure of the ligamentum renowned the porta
the gastrosplenic omentum (ligament) connects the stomach to the hilum of the spleen
The mesentery:
·double fold of peritoneal tissue that suspends the small intestine a large intestine from the post. Wall
functions:
I suspends the small a large intestine from the post abdominal wall;
anchoring them in place, but it still allow some movement
* it provide a
conduit for blood vessels, nerves, & lymphatic vessels