Mount Hibok-Hibok

Mount Hibok-Hibok (also known as

Catarman Volcano[3][4]) is a stratovolcano
on Camiguin Island in the Philippines.[1] It
is one of the active volcanoes in the
country and part of the Pacific ring of fire.
 Hibok‑Hibok
Catarman Volcano

Highest point
Elevation 1,332 m (4,370 ft) [1]
Prominence 700 m (2,300 ft) [2]
Coordinates 9°12′02″N 124°40′05″E 
Geography

Hibok‑Hibok

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Country Philippines

Region Northern Mindanao

Region Northern Mindanao
Province Camiguin
Geology
Mountain type Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc/belt Central Mindanao
Volcanic Arc
Last eruption 1948-1953
Climbing
Easiest route from Ardent Hot Springs

Description
Volcanologists classify Hibok-Hibok or
Catarman Volcano as a stratovolcano[1]
and dome complex[5] with an elevation of
1,332 metres (4,370 ft) and a base
diameter of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).
Hibok-Hibok (left) and Mt Vulcan (right), the volcanic
cone created in the 1871 flank eruption.

It has six hot springs (Ardent Spring,

Tangob, Bugong, Tagdo, Naasag and
Kiyab), three craters (Kanangkaan Crater,
site of the 1948 eruption; Itum Crater, site
of 1949 eruption, and Ilihan Crater, site of
1950 eruption).

Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mount

Vulcan, 580 metres (1,900 ft) high, NW of
Hibok-Hibok; Mount Mambajao, 1,552
metres (5,092 ft) center of Camiguin;
Mount Guinsiliban 581 metres (1,906 ft)
high, southernmost Camiguin; Mount
Butay 679 metres (2,228 ft); and Mount
Uhay, N of Mount Guinsiliban. There are
also domes and cones at Campana Hill,
Minokol Hill, Tres Marias Hill, Mount
Carling, Mount Tibane, and Piyakong Hill.

Mount Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok form

the two major landmarks within the
Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok Natural
Monument.

Eruptions
A solar-powered remote monitoring station located at
Hibok-Hibok volcano

Hibok-Hibok has erupted five times in

modern history.

The first recorded eruption occurred in

1827 and a similar activity followed in
1862.[5]

1871 to 1875
On February 16, 1871, earthquakes and
subterranean rumblings began to be felt
on the island, which increased in severity
until April 30 when a volcanic fissure
opened up 400 yards southwest of the
village of Catarman, on the northwest
flank of Hibok-hibok Volcano. From the
opening, lava was continuously ejected
and poured into the sea for four years,
destroying the town. At the same time, the
vent built a cone now known as Mt.
Vulcan. In 1875, the Challenger expedition
visited the area, and described the
mountain as a dome, about 1,950 feet
(590 m) in height, without any crater, but
still smoking and incandescent at the
top.[4]

The portion of the town containing a

cemetery has subsided into the sea and is
now marked with a huge white cross off
the coast. The settlement was relocated to
where the present Catarman town center
is now located. The remains of old
Catarman, including the ruins of the
ancient Spanish church, convent and a bell
tower, are now called Gui-ob.

1897 to 1902
In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white
sulfurous steam which damaged villages
on the island. Solfataric activity continued
up to 1902.

Mount Hibok Hibok

1948 to 1951

From 1948 to 1951, Mt. Hibok-Hibok

constantly rumbled and smoked. There
were also landslides and earthquakes
followed by dome building and nuee
ardente. The Peléan eruption in 1948 from
the Kanangkaan crater caused little
damage and loss of life. The eruption of
1949, originating from Itum crater caused
79 deaths due to landslides. In the
morning of December 4, 1951, the volcano
erupted again. This, time, however, it
unleashed boiling lava, poisonous gases,
and landslides enough to destroy nearly 19
square kilometres (7.3 sq mi) of land
particularly in Mambajao. All in all, over
3,000 people were killed. Before the
eruption of Mt. Hibok-Hibok in 1951, the
population of Camiguin had reached
69,000. After the eruption, the population
was reduced to about 34,000 due to
massive emigration.

Volcanologists observed an eruption

pattern observed during the 1948-1952
eruptions (a cycle of four phases)
beginning with a short period of emission
of steam from the crater and avalanches
of volcanic materials, followed by
explosions or steam blast with emission
of heavy clouds of steam, ash and other
fragmentary volcanic materials with a
strong possibility of the development of
pyroclastic flows. The third phase involves
eruption of incandescent materials,
emission of ash and steam in large
amounts, formation of flows and
occasional minor crater outbursts, and
finally a decrease in steam and other
ejecta from the crater.

Hiking activity
Mt. Hibok-Hibok is a popular hiking
destination in Camiguin island. A permit
from the DENR office in Mambajao is
required. It normally takes 3–5 hours to
reach the summit; the usual jump-off is
Ardent Hot Springs in Mambajao. Views
from the summit include the nearby White
Island, Bohol to the north, Eastern
Mindanao to the east and the island of
Siquijor to the west. The mossy crater of
Camiguin's past eruption can also be
seen.[6]

Mt. Vulcan can be hiked by way of the

Stations of the Cross or The Walkway in
Bonbon, Catarman. On the trail are the
statues depicting the Roman Catholic
Stations of the Cross, which are 14 events
in the crucifixion of Jesus, at intervals on
the climb. They are a memorial to the dead
from the last eruption in the 1950s.[7] Mt.
Vulcan, which is locally called the Old
Volcano, is a misnomer as it is actually the
youngest volcano on the island, formed in
the 1871 eruption.
Hibok-Hibok Volcano summit panorama

See also
List of active volcanoes in the
Philippines
List of potentially active volcanoes in
the Philippines
List of inactive volcanoes in the
Philippines
 Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology

References
1. "Camiguin" . Global Volcanism
Program. Smithsonian Institution.
Retrieved 2008-11-04.
2. "Hibok-Hibok, Philippines" .
Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2013-03-
11.
3. "Camiguin - Synonyms and
Subfeatures" . Global Volcanism
Program. Retrieved on 2012-03-25.
4. Becker, George F. (1901). "Report on
the Geology of the Philippine Islands" ,
 p.42-43. Washington Government
Printing Office, 1901.
5. "Philippine Volcanoes" . ABS-CBN
Broadcasting Corporation. 1996.
Archived from the original on 2011-
07-26. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
6. "PinoyMountaineer: Mount Hibok-
Hibok" . 18 August 2007. Retrieved
2007-10-25.
7. Sago (2009-04-09). "Camiguin Island's
Stations of the Cross" . Let's Go Sago!.
Retrieved on 2011-01-16.

External links
 Media related to Mount Hibok-Hibok at
Wikimedia Commons
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Mount Hibok-
Hibok Page

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title=Mount_Hibok-Hibok&oldid=908313352"

Last edited 13 hours ago by an anon…

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