Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Itp Finals (A4)
Itp Finals (A4)
Itp Finals (A4)
• Also looks at behavior and mental processes but THAT’S NOT-ALL TECHNIQUE
includes social worlds in which we exist
• The persuader makes an offer and then adds
SOCIAL INFLUENCE something extra to make the offer look better
before target person make a decision
• The process through which the real or implied
presence of others can directly or indirectly OBEDIENCE
influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of
an individual. • Changing one’s behavior at the command of an
authority figure
CONFORMITY
GROUP POLARIZATION
• Changing one’s own behavior to more closely
match the actions of others. • Tendency for a member involved in a group
discussion to take somewhat more extreme
• Cross-cultural research has found that positions and suggest riskier actions when
collectivist cultures show more conformity than compared to individuals who have not
individualistic cultures participated in a group discussion.
SOCIAL FACILITATION
• Gender differences do not exist in conformity
unless the response is not private, in which case When the performance of an individual on a
women are more conforming than men. relatively easy task is improved by the presence of
others
GROUPTHINK
SOCIAL EXPERIMENT
• Occurs when a decision -making feels that is
more important to maintain group unanimity When the performance of an individual on a
and cohesiveness than to consider the facts relatively difficult task is negatively by the presence of
realistically. others
SOCIAL LOAFING
• Minimizing groupthink involves impartial
leadership, seeking outside opinions, stating When a person who is lazy is able to work in a
problems, in objective manner, breaking large group of people, that person often performs less well
groups into subgroups, encouraging questions than if the person were working alone, a phenomenon
and alternate solutions, using secret ballots, and
ATTITUDES
holding group members responsible for the
decisions made by the group. • Tendencies to respond positively or negatively
COMPLIANCE toward ideas, persons, objects, or situations.
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person, object or that unpleasant feeling and tension are reduced
situation or eliminated.
COGNITIVE The way a person thinks
3 BASIC THINGS PEOPLE CAN DO TO REDUCE
about another person, an
object or situation COGNITIVE DISSONANCE:
Because attitudes are learned, they are also subject to change One form of social category is the stereotype, in
with new learning. which the characteristic use to assign a persons to a
category are superficial and belief to be true of all
ATTITUDE CHANGE members of the category
PERSUASION It allow people to access a great deal of
information that can be useful about others as well as
• The process by which one person tries to helping people to remember and organize information
change the belief , opinion, position or course of about the characteristic of others.
action to another person through argument
pleading or explanation.
LIKING AND LOVING
KEY ELEMENT IN PERSUASION
SOCIAL SUPPORT
SOURCE
There is a strong tendency to give more weight • Approval, advice, assistance and comfort that
to people who are perceived as experts, as well as those we receive from those with whom we have
who seem trustworthy, attractive, and similar to the developed a stable positive relationship.
person receiving the message. CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
ATTRACTIVE PEOPLE
Discomfort of distress that occurs when a person's
actions do match the person’s attitudes. • More sociable, selfless and intelligent; have
more choices of their partners; more likely to be
• When people experience cognitive dissonance
offered jobs and may even lived longer
the resulting tension and arousal are unpleasant
so people are motivated to change something so
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SYMMETRICAL FACE AND BODY MERE EXPOSURE
• More attractive and seem to have a good genes • Tendency to prefer stimuli that we have seen
for reproduction frequently
PROXIMITY LIKING
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TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE BY ROBERT 3. Be fair in how you evaluate behaviors.
STERNBERG 4. Don’t do something dumb.
5. Do things that please your partner.
6. Have fun.
7. Stop fighting.
7 TIPS FOR LONG LASTING RELATIONSHIP • Person is at risk (danger to self) or risking the
safety of others (danger to others)
1. Be prepared for squabbles.
2. Don’t be negative.
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DURATION (schizophrenia, personality
disorders
• More than 2 weeks? EPISODIC - Individual is likely to recover
THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY within a few months only to
suffer a recurrence of the
• Psychopathology is the scientific study of disorder at a later time
psychological disorders. TIME-LIMITED - Disorder will improve
without treatment in a
• Clinical and counseling psychologists, relatively short period
psychiatrists, psychiatric social workers, and ONSET
psychiatric nurses, as well as marriage and • When/How the disorder began
family therapists and mental health counselors.
REINFORCING CAUSE
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People turned to magic and sorcery EMOTION CONTAGION
BIZARRE BEHAVIOR of people with psychological • The experience of an emotion seems to spread
disorders was seen as the work of the devil and to those around us (mob psychology)
witches
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
EXORCISM
ASSESSING CLINICAL DISORDERS
• Religious rituals were performed in an effort to
rid the victim of evil spirits CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
Shaving the pattern of a cross in the hair of the victim’s • The systematic evaluation and measurement of
head; securing sufferers to a wall near the front of a psychological, biological, and social factors in an
church individual presenting with a possible
psychological disorder.
STRESS AND MELANCHOLY
DIAGNOSIS
ENLIGHTENED VIEW
• The process of determining whether the
• Insanity was a natural phenomenon caused by particular problem afflicting the individual meets
mental or emotional stress – it was curable all criteria for a psychological disorder, as set
forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, or DSM-5
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
ASSESSING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: KEY
• Were recognized as illnesses, although despair CONCEPTS
and lethargy were often identified with the sin of
• Concepts of Reliability, Validity, and
acedia, or sloth
Standardization shall be reserved for
Treatment: rest, sleep, and a healthy and happy Psychological Testing/Assessment
environment; baths, ointments, and potions.
CLINICAL INTERVIEW
• Neighbors took turns in caring for them
• Clinical interview is the core of most clinical
TREATMENTS FOR POSSESSIONS work.
• It gathers information on current and past
• The sufferer is largely responsible for the behavior, attitudes, and emotions, as well as
disorder a detailed history of the individual’s life in
general and of the presenting problem.
POSSESSION
• Mental Status Examination
• Is not always connected with sin but may be
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION (MSE)
seen as involuntary and the possessed individual
as blameless.
• Is the psychological equivalent of a physical
If exorcism fails authorities do steps in making the body exam that describes the mental state and
inhabitable by evil spirits behaviors of the person being seen. It
includes both objective observations of the
• Confinement, beatings, and forms of torture clinician and subjective descriptions given by
the patient.
MASS HYSTERIA
WHY DO MSE?
• Fascinating phenomenon characterized by large
scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior. • The MSE provides information for
diagnosis and assessment of disorder and
SAINT VITUS’ DANCE/ TARANTISM response to treatment.
• Whole groups of people simultaneously run out • A Mental Status Exam provides a snap shot at
in the streets, dance, shout, rave, and jump a point in time
around in patterns as if they were at a • If another provider sees your patient it allows
particularly wild party late at night them to determine if the patients status
has changed without previously seeing the
• Possession, insect bites patient
• Modern term: mass hysteria
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MSE COMPONENTS Epidemiological Research
• The plan for testing the hypothesis. Affected by • A behavior is measured several times instead of
the question addressed, by the hypothesis, and only once before you change the independent
by practical considerations. variable and once afterward.
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