Contents

SECTION 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES 7. Imagíng Studies for Uveitis 131

IIknur Tugal-Tutkun, Sumru Onal, e Stephen Foster
1. Introduction 3 Ocular Imaging Modalities 131
e Stephen Poster Diagnostic Imaging Studies for Inflarnmatory Systernic
2. The Uvea: Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 5 Diseases with Eye Manifestations 166
e Stephen Postes;Nicolette Gion Case Presentations of Common Systemic Diseases that
can Cause Ocular lnflarnmation 176
Uveal Traet 5
Iris 6 8. Treatment of Uveitis-An Overview 192
Cilíary Body 10 Albert T Vitale, e Stephen Poster
Choroid 14 9. Corticosteroids 194
3. Definition, Classification, Etiology and Albert T Vitale, Julia P Shulman, e Stephen Poster
Epidemiology 20 Official Drug Name and Chemístry 194
Shawkat Shafik Michel, e Stephen Foster Pharrnacology 195
Definition 20 Pharmaceutics 197
Classífícation 23 Pharmacokinetics, Concentration-effect Relationship
Epidemiology 25 and Metabolism 200
Therapeutic Use 203
4. General Principies and Philosophy 33
Adverse Effects and Toxícity 207
e Stephen Poster Drug Interactions 209
The Problem 33 Majar Clínícal 'I'rials 209
Philosophy 34
Biologic Response Modifiers 39 10. Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Agents 215
Other Matters 42 Albert T Vitale, e Stephen Foster
5. Basic Immunology 44 History and Source 215
Official Drug Name and Chernistry 215
e Stephen Foster. Ana MSuelues Pharmacology 216
Cells of the lmrnune System 44 Clinical Pharmaeology 217
Ontogeny oí the Immune System 52 Pharmaceutics 218
Immune Response 55 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolisrn 219
Expression of Immunity 57 Therapeutic Use 219
Summary 58 ... Side Effects and Toxicity 220
B Lymphocyte Responses 58 High-Rísk Groups 221
T Lymphocyte Responses 66 Drug Interaetions 222
Immune-rnediated Tissue lnjury 71 Major Clinical Irials 222
Summary 80
Regulation of Irnmune Responses 81 ll. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 225
Corneal Transplantation Immunology 89 Albert T Vitale, Hassan Al-Dhibi, e Stephen Foster
Introductíon, History and Souree 225
SECTION 2: PRINCIPLESOF DIAGNOSIS Offieial Drug Name and Chemistry 225
Pharmaeology 227
AND THERAPY Clinical Pharmaeology 228
";.'
Pharmaceutics 228
6. Diagnosis oí Uveitis 101
Pharmacokineties 228
Louis J Choricb IJI, Dino D Kllsooic,
Therapeutíc Use 229
e Stephen Poster Side Effects and Toxicity 232
The Problem 101 High-Risk Groups 233
The Confusion 102 Drug Interactions 234
The Frustration 102 Major Clinieal Trials 234
A Systematic Approaeh to Establish a Diagnosis 104
Diagnostic Approach to the Uveitis Patient 113 12. Immunosuppressive Chemotherapy 238
Laboratory Evaluation 118 e Stephen Poster. Albert T Vitale
Differentíal Diagnosis 119 General Considerations 238
AppendíxA: 123 Cytotoxic Immunosuppressive Drugs 241
Appendix B 129 Noncytotoxíc Irnmunosuppressive Drugs .254
xxiv IDiagnosis and Treatment oi Uveitis Contents I XXV

13. Diagnostic Surgery 295 Pathogenesis 351 22. Ocular Whipple's Disease 403 28. Measles 479
E Mitehel Opremcak, Albert T vttaie, C Stephen Poster Diagnosis 353 C Stephen Poster Erik Letko, C Stephen Poster
Prevention 355
Paracentesis 295 Definition 403 Definition 479
Treatment 355
Vitrectomy 296 History 403 History 479
Prognosis 356
Retinal Biopsy 298 Complications 356 Epidemiology 403 Congenital Measles 479
Chorioretinal Biopsy 301 Coinfection 358 Etiology 404 Acquired Measles 480
Summary 359 .._.........
. _ Pathology_404 ._._._ _. _.._.__. .. _ _ _ _ ..Subacute. Sclerosing Panencephalitis 482
14. Therapeutic Vitreoretinal Surgery 304 .
Relapsing Fever 359 Immunology 404
Albert T vitaie, E Mitchel Opremcak, C Stephen Poster 29. Rubella 486
Deñnítion 359 Cllnícal Characteristics 406
Indlcations 304 Diagnosis 409
Erik Letko, C Stephen Poster
Epidemiology 359
Perioperative Management 304 Differential Diagnosis 410 Defínítíon 486
Clínieal Characteristics 360
Technique 305 Treatment 410 History 486
Pathogenesis 360
Media Opacíty 306 blagnosls 36Ó· . ..,;"" ..
Congenita! Rubella 486
Inflarnmatory Control 307 23. Ríckettsial Díseases 415 Acquired Rubella 489
Treatment 360
Cystoid Macular Edema 311 Nicolas Mollna-Prat
Summary 360 30. Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome 492
Structural Complications 312
18. Bartonella Microbiology 415 Gurinder Singh, Mallka G Singh
Retinal Detachment 312 365
Tícks-Ríckettsiae Relationships 416
Epiretinal Membrane 314 Louis J Chorich Ilf Definition 492
Epldemtology 417
Hypotony 314 Definition 365 History 492
Riekettsiae Pathogenicity 417
Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization 314 History 365 Myeology 493
Pathogenic Meehanisms 418
Sustained Drug Delívery 317 Epidemio)ogy 365 Epidemiology 493
Clinical Characteristics 418
15. Clíníeal Trials and Evidence-Based Medicine Clinical Features 366 Diagnosis 421 Clínieal Characteristics 494
in the Medical Management of Uveitis 322 Pathogenesis and Imrnunology 368 Treatment 421 Pathogenesis/Pathophysiology IImmunology IPathology 497
Nieole Prttz, David S Chu Diagnosis 368 Prognosis 421 Diagnosis 499
Treatment 369 Differential Diagnosis 500
Azathioprine 323 Differential Diagnosis 369 24. Ocular Leprosy 424 Treatrnent 501
Methotrexate 325 Complications 506
19. Tuberculosis 372 Elísabeth M Messmer
Mycophenolate Mofetíl 325 Prognosis 506
Cyclosporine 326 Oliuia L Lee, C Michael Samson, C Stephen Poster Definitíon 424
Tacrolimus 326 Definition 372 History 424 31. Candidiasis 512
Cyclophosphamide 326 History 372 Epidemiology 425 Elisabeth MMessmer
Chlorambucil 327 Clínica) Charaeteristics 426
Epidemiology 373 Definition 512
Bíologícs 327 Clínícal Presentatíon 373 Ocular Histopathology 429
History 512
Inflíximab 327 Pathology 375 Pathogenesis and Immunology 429
Epidemiology 512
Etanercept 328 Pathogenesis 375 Diagnosis 430
Clinieal Characteristies 513
Adalimumab 328 Diagnóstic Tests 376 Differential Diagnosis 430
Complications 515
Daclizumab 328 Treatment 379 Treatment 431 Pathogenesis/Histopathology /Imm unology 515
Interferon-Alpha 328
Complíeations 380 25. Herpesviruses 437 Diagnosis 516
Intravitreal Implants 329
Tuberculosis and HIV 380 María José Capella, C Stephen Poster Differentia) Diagnosis 517
Prognosis 381 Treatment 517
SECTION 3: THE UVEITIS SVNDROMES- Summary 381 Introduetion and Virology 437 Prognosis 520
Herpes Sírnplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus 437
INFECTIOUS 20. Leptospirosis 385 Bpstein-Barr Virus 445 32. Coccidioidomycosis 526
Rajiu Shah Cytomegalovirus 446 Richard R Tamesis
16. Syphilis 337
Definition and History 385 26. Emergent Virallnfections 461 Definition 526
Iohn Mauro, C Miehael Samson, C Stephen Poster
Epidemiology 385 History 526
Definition 337 Monee! Khairallah, Salim Ben Yahia,
Clinieal Charaeteristics 386 Epidemiology 526
History 337 Imen Khairallah-Ksiaa
Pathogenesis 388 Clinica) Characteristics 527
Epidemiology 337 Laboratory Diagnosis 388 West Nile Virus Infectíon 461 Pathophysiology /Imrnunology /Pathology IPathogenesis 527
Clinícal Presentation of Syphilis 338
Pathology and Pathogenesis 340
Differential Diagnosis 389 Dengue Fever 466
Chikungunya 469
Diagnosis 527 .'
Treatment 389 Treatrnent 528
Diagnostic Tests 341 Prognosis 390· Summary 472 Complications 529
Treatment 342 Prognosis 529
Syphilis in Patients with HIV Infection 343 21. Brucellosis 392 27. Rift Valley Fever 475
Complieations 343 Albert T Vitale Ramzi K Hemady, Aaron L Sobol, Gayatri S Reilly 33. Cryptococcosis 531
Prognosis 344 Definition 392 Deflnítíon 475 Julia P Shulman, Albert T Vitale
17. Borreliosis 346 Hístory 392 History 475 Epidemio)ogy 531
Etiology 392 Epidemiology 475 Pathogenesis 531
Iohn C Baer
Epidemiology 392 Pathogenesis 475 Clinical Presentation 532
Lyme Borreliosis 346 Molecular Genetics, Pathology and Imrnunology 393 Diagnosis 533
Clinical Characteristics 476
Definition 346 Clinica! Features 394 Differential Diagnosis 533
Pathology 477
History 346 Diagnosis 397 Treatment 534
Diagnosis 477
Epidemiology 346 Treatment 398 Dífferenttal.Díagnosís 477 Prognosis 534
Clínica! Characteristics of Systemic Disease 347 Prognosis 399 Summary 534
Treatment 478
Clínica! Characteristies of Ocular Disease 349 Prevention 399
xxvi IDiagnosis and Treatment
34. Sporotrichosis
Manolette Rangel Roque, C Stephen Foster
Definítíon 536
History 536
Epidemiology 536
Mycology 536
Clinícal Characteristics 536
Pathology 539
Diagnosis 539
Differential Diagnosis 540
Treatment 540
Prognosis 540
35; .ToxoplasnmSis'
Fernando Oréfice, Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos,
Cynthia Azeredo Cordeiro, Juliana Lambert Oréfice,
Rogério Alves Costa
Introduction/Definition 543
History 543
Epidemiology 544
Clinical Presentation 545
Pathogenesls 551
Pathology 554
Diagnosis 555
Diagnostíc Approach to Ocular Toxoplasmosís 557
Differential Diagnosis 559
Therapy 560
Complications 563
Prognosis 564
Prevention 564
Summary 564
36. Other Vector-Borne Parasitic Infections
Mozhgan Rezaei Kanaui, Masoud Soheilian
Ocular Leíshrnaniasis 569
Ocular Malaria 573
Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis 576
37. Free-Living Amebas and Amebiasis
Jesús Merayo-Lloues, Albert T Vitale
Definition 579
History and Microbiology 579
Epidemiology 580
Pathogenesis and Pathology 580
Clinica! Features 581
Diagnosis 582
Treatment 583
Prevention 584
Prognosis 584
38. Giardia Lamblia
Ron Neumann
Definition 587
Epidemiology 587
The Organism 587
Pathogenicity 587
Clínical Manífestatíons 588
Diagnosis 588
Treatment 588
Giardiaand the Eye 588
39. Trypanosomiasis
Luís Alonso Gonzalez-Gonzalez; Tomas Padilla Ir
Definition 591
History 591
Epidemiology 592
of Uveitis Contents Ixxvii
536 I Clinical Characterístics
Pathology 595
593 Clínical Features 649
Diagnosis 651
Treatrnent 686
Complications 686
Diagnosis 596 Treatment 652 Prognosis 686
Treatment 597 Prevention and Chemoprophylaxis 653 50. Human Immunodeficiency Virus- 688
40. Pneumocystosis 602 45. Cysticercosis 656 Assoclated Uveitis
Isabelle Cochereau, Thanh Hoang-Xuan Lama Mulki, C Stephen Foster Khayyam Durrani, Isabelle Cochereau,
..... History /Deñnitíon- 602 -. -."- -.-...-- ...----.--.-.------------ ......
- ...
_-
...
-...i-..
--~-~··------Backgrourrd-65s------~-- ..-------------------·-.-.- ..-.---- -~- -Thann Hoang-Xuan
Epidemiology 602 History 656 Changing Patterns of Uveitis in HIV Infection 688
Etiopathogenesis 602 Epidemiology 657 HIV Retinopathy 690
Pathology 603 Clinical Features 657 CMV Retinítis 690
Clinical Features 603 Physical Findings 658 Immune Recovery Uveitis 693
Diagnosis 604 ......................... " " "_. .." ,, .. ,l.;. . Pathogenesis and Pathology 658 Ocular Toxoplasmosis 693
---- .-....---..-....--.-----.-----
- 543" .... iSIfterenúafOlagnosis ..604' Diagnosis 659 Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis and
Treatment 604 Dífferential Diagnosis 660 Acure Retina! Necrosis 694
Summary 604 Treatment 660 Pneumocystosis 694
41. Ocular Toxocariasis 606 Complications and Challenges 662 Tuberculosis 695
C Stephen Foster Prognosis 662 Cryptococcosis 695
Definition 606 46. Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis 665 I Other Opportunistic Infections 695
Etiology 606 Neal P Barney Syphilis 696
Clinical Manifestations 607 Definition 665 Intraocular Lymphoma 696
History 607 Drug-Associated Uveitis 697
History 665 Summary 698
Epidemiology 608 Epidemiology 665
Immunopathology 609 Clinícal Characteristícs 666
Clinical Variations 610 Pathophysiology 667 SECTION4: THE UVEITIS SVNDROMES-
Complications 611 Diagnosis 668
MASQUERADE SVNDROMES
Diagnosis 611 Treatment 668
Differential Diagnosis 612 Complications 669
51. Masquerade Syndromes: Malignancies 705
Treatment 613 Prognosis 669
Prognosis 614 Nadia Khalída Waheed, C Stephen Foster
47. Schistosomiasis 671
42. Ascarlasís 617 Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos, Fernando Oréfice, Intraocular-Central Nervous System Lymphoma 705
569 Leukemias 710
Virender S Sangwan Juliana Lambert Oréfice,José Eymard Homem Pittella
Malignant Melanoma 714
Definition 617 lntroduction/Definition 671 Retinoblastoma 718
History 617 History 672 Metastasis 722
Epidemiology 617 Epidemiology 672 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 725
Clinical Characterlstics 617 Clinical Presentation 672
579 Pathophysiology, Immunology, Pathology and Pathogenesis/Etiology 673 52. Masquerade Syndromes: Endophthalmitis 736
Pathogenesis 619 Immunopathology 675 Vicente Diaz, C Michael Samson, C Stephen Foster
Diagnosis 621 Diagnosis 676
Chronic Postoperative Endophrhalmitis 736
Treatment 621 Treatment 676
Complicatíons 622 Endogenous Endophthalmitis 741
Complícations 676
43. Onchocercíasís 625 Summary 676 53. Nonmalignant, Noninfectious 750
Masquerade Syndromes
Martín Pilipec 48. Ophthalmomyiasis 678
Definition 625 E Mitchel Opremcak Katrina Palafox, C Stephen Foster
History 625 Definition 678 Rhegmatogenous Retina! Detachment 750
Epidemio!ogy 626 History 678 Retinitis Pigmentosa 755
Clinical Features 628 Epidemiology 678 Intraocular Foreign Body 761
587 Complications 633 Clínical Characteristics 679 Pigment Dispersion 765
Etiology 633 Pathogenesis 679 Iuvenile Xanthogranuloma 769
Pathogenesis and Pathology 634 Diagnosis 680
Diagnosis 636 Treatment 680
Differential Diagnosis 637 Complications 680
SECTIONS: THE UVEITIS SVNDROMES-
Treatment and Control . 637
Prognosis 680 AUTOIMMUNE
Natural History and Prognosis 640
49. Ophthalmia Nodosa 682
44. Loiasis 648 Cheryl Arcinue 54. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies 793
Yosuf El-Shabraun Maite Sainz de la Maza
Definition 682
Definition 648 History 682 Ankylosing Spondylitis 793
591 History 648 Reactive Arthritis 797
Epidemiology 682
Epidemiology 648 Psoríatlc Arthritis 800
Clinical Characteristícs 683
Life History 649 Pathogenesis and Pathology .685 Enteropathic Arthritis 802
Morphology 649 Diagnosis 685 Iuvenile-onset Spondíloarthropathies 806
Irnmunological Responses 649
xxviii IDiagnosis and Treatment oi Uveitis Contents I xxix
55. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 814 Pathology 891 Laboratory Findings and Ancillary Testing 960 Clinical Characteristícs 1034
Harvey Siy Uy, Pik Sha Chan Diagnosis 891 Diagnosis 965 Course and Complications 1036
Differential Diagnosis 892 Treatment 967 Diagnosis 1036
Defínítíon 814
Treatment 892 Complications 967 Differential Diagnosis 1040
History 814
Prognosis 893 Prognosis 968 Etiopathogenesis 1041
Epidemiology 814
65. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Treatment 1043
Clinical Characteristics
Pathophysiology 820
815
I
iI
60. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Sarkis H Soukiasian.: . _ _ .
898
Uveítís S drome 973 Prognosis 1046
!.----~-----..OCJ -!)'ll _.. --·-·----·---·-·~--------··-··-·---1--··-----·... . ,
Diagnosis 821 Definition 898 Oiga Cer6n, C Stephen Poster I '70. Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome 1049
Treatment 821 History 898 Definition 973 Harvey Siy Uy, Pik Sha Chan
Prognosis' 822
I Epidemiology 899 History 973 Definition 1049
56. Scleroderma 826 I Clinical Characteristics 900 Epidemiology 973 History and Epidemiology 1049
¡ Pathogenesis/Immunopathology 904 ,L Clínlcal Features 974 Clínical Characteristics 1049
Avni Shahc.Anthony Ekong, David.S.Chu,.. ... . Patnology 905' ' , , .
C Stephen Poster I¡ Diagnosis 906
Pathology, Immunology and Pathogenesis 975'
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 976
Pathogenesis 1050
Diagnosis 1051
Definition 826 Treatment 909 Treatment and Prognosis 978 Differential Diagnosis 1053
History 826 Prognosis 910 66. Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy 982 Treatment 1054
Epidemiology 827
61. Polychondritis 917 Albert T Vitale Summary 1054
Clinical Characteristics: Systemic 827
Clinical Characteristics: Ocular 829 Ester Carreña, C Stephen Poster Definition 982 71. Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid 1056
Pathophysíology, Immunology, Pathology and Introduction and Definition 917 History 982 Pigment Epitheliopathy
Pathogenesís 831 Epidemiology 917 Epidemiology 982 Miguel Pedroza-Seres, Albert T Vitale
Diagnosis 832 Etiology/Pathophysiology 917 Clinical Features 983
Definition 1056
Treatment 832 Histopathology 918 Cornpllcations 986
History 1056
Prognosis 833 Etiology and Parhogenesis 987

57. Giant Cell Arteritis 836

I Systemic Manifestations 918
Ocular Findings 919
Diagnosis 920
Pathology 989
Diagnosis 989
Epidemiology 1056
Clinical Characteristics 1057
Sana S Siddique, C Stephen Poster Differential Diagnosis 995 Pathophysiology/lmmunology/Pathology 1061
Treatment 921
Treatment 996 Pathogenesis 1063
Definition 836 Prognosis 922 .
Natural History and Prognosis 999 Diagnosis 1064
History 836
62. Fuchs' Heterochromic IridocycIitis 925 Differential Diagnosis 1064
Epidemiology 836 67. Sympathetic Ophthalmia 1005
Charalambos Liuir-Rallatos, Panayotis Zafirakis Treatment 1065
Clínícal Manífesraríons 837
Sorcha Ni Dhubhghaill, William J Power
Pathology 840 Definition 925 72. Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis 1067
Immunology and Pathogenesis 841 Definition 1005
History 925 Benalexander A Pedro
Diagnosis 843 History 1005
Epidemiology 925
Incidence and Epidemiology 1005 Definítion 1067
Treatment 846 Clinical Manifestations and Complications 926
Clinical Features 1006 Hístory 1067
Prognosis 848 Pathology 928
Pathology and Pathogenesis 1007 Epidemiology 1067
58. Adamantíades-Behcet's Disease
Panayotis Zafirakis, C Stephen Poster
858 I
I
Etiology and Pathogenesis 928 i
Diagnosis 930 Etiology 1008 Clinical Features 1067
Complications 1068
Differentíal Diagnosis 1009
Treatment and Prognosis 931
Definition 858 Prevention and Management 1010 Etiology, Pathology and Pathogenesis 1068
Hístory 858 63. Multiple Sclerosis 935 Prognosis 1011 Diagnosis 1069
Epidemiology 858
Clinical Features 859
I Stephen D Anesi, Nikos N Markomichelakis
Definition 935
68. Vogt·Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Nattaporn Tesauibul
1013
Differential Diagnosis 1070
Treatment 1072
Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease in Children 865
Adamanriades-Behcet's Disease in Pregnancy 865 I History 935
Epidemiology 935 Definition and Hístory 1013
Epidemiology 1013
Natural History and Prognosis 1072
73. Serpiginous Choroiditis 1077
Pathogenesis and Immunology 866
Pathology 868
Diagnosis 868
II Clinical Features 936
Complications 937
Etiology 938
Clinical Manifestations 1013
Extraocular Manifestations 1015
Alejandro Radriguez-Garcia
Definition 1077
Etiology and Pathogenesis 1017 Hístory 1077
Dífferential Diagnosis 869 Pathophysiology 939
Histopathology 1018 Epidemiology 1078
Treatment 870 Diagnosis 940
Genetic Factors 1019 Clinical Characterlstícs 1078
Case Report 1 876 DifferentiaJ Diagnosis 942
Case Report 2 877 Diagnosis 1019 Pathogenesis/lmmunology/PathoJogy 1080
Natural Course and Prognosis 943
Management of Ocular Complications 877 Investigations 1019 Diagnosis 1081
Therapy 943
Prognosis for Vision 878 Differential Diagnosis 1024 Differentíal Diagnosis 1083

59. Polyarteritis Nodosa 887

II 64. Sarcoidosis
María José Capella, C Stephen Foster
951 Treatment 1024
Complications 1025
Treatment 1084
Complications 1086
Masoud Soheilian; Alireza Ramezani Definition and History 951 Prognosis 1027 Prognosis 1087
Definition 887 Epidemiology 951 69. Multifocal Choroiditis and Panuveitis 1033 74. Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome 1090
History and Classíflcation 887 Clinical Features 952 Albert T Vitale, Akbar Shakoor Blanca Rojas
Epidemiology 887 Sarcoidosis in Childhood 957
Clinical Characteristics 888 I Histology 958 Definition 1033
History 1033
Definition 1090
Hístory 1090
Pathogenesis and Etiology 891 I Etiology and Pathogenesis 959
, - Epide'miology 1034 Epidemiology 1091
xxx I Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis

Clinieal Features 1091 Complications 1152

Histopathology 1092 Pathophysiology 1153
Pathogenesis 1094 Treatment 1156
Diagnosis 1095 Prognosis 1160
Other Diseases with Subretinal Fibrosis 1096 79. Intermediate Uveitis
Differential Diagnosis 1097 Manfred Zierhut, Christopb Deuter,
Treatment 1100
Albert T Vitale; C Stephen Poster .
Prognosis and Evolutíon 11()0
Definition 1169
75. Punctate Inner Choroidopathy 1104 Hístory 1169
Roomasa Channa, Millena Bittencourt, Epidemiology 1169
Mohamed A Ibrahirn, Yasir [amal Sepah, CHnleal Features 1170
Peykan Turkcuoglu, Diana V Do,
{jüiátDong Nguyé"n
.... . . -- ..-.----------- ....~.º!Ilplicatiººs.JEJ. ....
Etiology 1172
Definition 1104 Pathogenesis and Pathology ll73
History 1104 Diagnosis 1174
Epidemiology 1105- Differential Diagnosis 1175
Clinieal Charaeteristics llOS Treatment ll78
Pathophysiology 1107 Natural History and Prognosis 1182
Histopathology ll08
Diagnosis 1108 SECTION 6: OTHER
Imaging Modalities 1109
Treatment 1112 80. Medication-Induced Uveitis 1191
Prognosis 1113 Alejandro Portero, Margarita Calonge
76. Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy 1116 Definition 1191
Paul Yang, Albert T Vitale History 1191
Epiderniology 1191
Definition 1116 Etiology 1193
History 1116 Pathogenesis ll94
Epidemiology 1117 Clinieal Charaeteristies 1195
Clinieal Presentation 1118 Diagnosis 1205
PathogenesisJEtiology 1118 Treatment 1206
Pathology 1120 Prognosis 1206
Diagnosis/Diagnostie Testing 1120
Differential Diagnosis 1124 81. Pediatric Uveitis 1214
Treatment 1125 Leila 1 Kump, Albert T Vitale, C Stephen Poster
Complieations 1126
Epidemiology 1214
Natural History and Prognosis 1127
Complieations 1215
Summary 1127
Visual Outeomes 1217
77. Lens-Induced Uveitis 1130 Various Uveitic Disorders in Children 1219
Shawkat Shafik: Michel, C Stephen Poster Impaet of Uveitis on the Quality of Life of Children 1242
Definition 1130 82. Pregnancy and Uveitis 1254
History 1130 Albert T Vitale, Leila 1 Kump, Rachael S Iacoby
Epidemiology 1131
Etiology and Pathogenesis 1131 Immunologic Aspects of Pregnancy 1254
Pathology 1131 Systemie Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy 1256
Clinical Features 1131 Various Uveitic Disorders and Pregnancy 1257
Diagnosis 1132 Treatment with Medícatíons in Pregnaney 1258
Dífferential Diagnosis 1133 Summary 1261
Treatment 1133 83. Traumatic Uveitis 1266
Complications 1135
Yasir Iamal Sépah, Abeer Akhtar,
78. Retinal Vasculitis 1136 Mattheur Shulman, Quan Dong Nguyen
William Ayliffe Postsurgieal Uveitis 1266
Definition 1136 Post-traumatíc Uveitis 1267
History 1137 Lens-Induced Uveitis 1270
Epidemiology 1138 Laser-Induced Uveitis 1271
Clínical Charaeteristies 1138 Pathogenesis and Pathology 1271
Disorders Associated with Retinal Vaseulitis 1140 Treatment 1272

Index ·1277