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MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 3– Module 1
Parallelogram

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What I Know
I. True or False. Read carefully the following statements. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE if it is
not.

_____1. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are congruent.
_____2. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are congruent.
_____3. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel.
_____4. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other (Villamor n.d.).
_____5. The quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the opposite angles of a quadrilateral are supplementary.

For numbers 6-10, use the figure below.

□ABCD is a quadrilateral. = 5 cm and = 9 cm

_____6. ABCD is a parallelogram if x = 5 cm and y = 9 cm.

_____7. ABCD is a parallelogram if m∠C = 60° and m∠B = 120°.
_____8. ABCD is a parallelogram if AB // DC.
_____9. ABCD is a parallelogram if m∠B ≅m∠D
_____10. ABCD is a parallelogram if AB ≅ DC ≅ A

II. Solve for the unknown parts:

What’s In

Do this activity

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a. In a graphing paper, draw a quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are both congruent and parallel,
like the illustration below:

b. Are the other two opposite sides congruent?

c. Is this enough to conclude that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram? Why?

What’s New

Write your answers in your notebook. Two answers are done for you

B P A R A L L E L
I
S
E
C
T

ACROSS
2. Opposites of parallelogram are __________
4. A parallelogram with four equal sides and four right angles
7. Number of sides of a parallelogram
8. A parallelogram with opposite congruent and parallel sides
9. Area of a parallelogram with a base of 4 and height of five
10. A parallelogram with four congruent sides but angles are not right angles
11. Area of a parallelogram with base of 5 and height of 3
12. A parallelogram has a base of 10 and a side of 5. What is the perimeter?
DOWN
1. Diagonals _________ each other

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 2. 2(base plus side)
3. Adjacent angles are _____________________
5. Area equals base times __________________

CONDITIONS WHICH GUARANTEE THAT A QUADRILATERAL IS A

PARALLELOGRAM.

These are some of the conditions which guarantee that a given quadrilateral is a parallelogram:
1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if pairs of consecutive angles are supplementary.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonals bisect at each other.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
(Bryant et al. 2014)

Note: In the next figures, please be guide with the identical “tick marks” to show that the sides are congruent and
the identical “arrowheads” to indicate the lines are parallel.

Example 1.
Determine whether the figure is a parallelogram.

Answer:
Since one pair of opposite sides in the figure are both congruent and parallel, then the it is a
parallelogram.

Example 2.
Determine whether the figure is a parallelogram.

Answer:
In the figure, a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent; hence, a pair of opposite sides are parallel.
These parallel sides are also congruent. It can be observed in the figure that they have the same length. Hence the
figure is a parallelogram.

PROPERTIES OF A PARALLELOGRAM.

A parallelogram is a special type of quadrilateral that has equal and parallel opposite sides.

The given figure shows a parallelogram ABCD which has AB parallel to CD and AD parallel to BC.
Also, AD = BC and AB = CD.

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Properties of Parallelogram

The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel to

each other.
Identical “arrowheads” indicate the lines are parallel.
Here, AB ∥ CD and AD ∥ BC

The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in

length.
Identical “tick marks” indicate that the sides are
congruent.
Here, AB = CD and AD = BC

The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal in

measure.
Similar markings on the angles means they are equal.
Here, Angle A = Angle C and Angle B =
Angle D.

Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.

Supplementary angles are two or more angles whose
sum is exactly 180°.
Here,
m∠E + m∠E = 180°
110° + 70° = 180°

m∠H + m∠G = 180°

70° + 110° = 180°

Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Here AC and BD bisect each other.

Example 1.
In two adjacent angles of a parallelogram, one angle is four times of the other. Find
the measures of the two angles.

Solution:
Let "x" be one of the angles.
Then, the adjacent angle of x is 4x. (one angle is four times of the other) In a
parallelogram, adjacent angles (Supplementary angles are two or
are supplementary. more angles whose sum is exactly 180° )
So, we have: x + 4 x = 180°

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 5x = 1800
5𝑥 180°
Divide both sides by 5 to cancel out the coefficient of x: =
5 5
Then, the measure of the adjacent angle is x = 36°
Substitute the value of x as 36° in 4x: 4 • 36° = 144°
Hence, the measures of the two adjacent angles are 36° and 144°.

Example 2.
In the parallelogram given below, find the lengths of the sides GJ and HI (in cm).

Solution:
According to the properties of parallelogram, the lengths of the opposite sides are equal.
So, Length of GJ = Length of HI: x + 44 = 5x
44 = 5x -x
44 = 4x

Divide both sides by 4 to cancel out the coefficient:

11 = x
Solve for the Length of HI:
Substitute the value of x as 11 in 5x, that is, 5 • 11
Hence, HI = 55

Solve for the length of GJ:

Substitute the value of x as 11 in x + 44
GJ = 11+ 44
GJ = 55

Therefore, the lengths of GJ and HI is 55 cm each.

Example 3.
Find the value of x for which ABCD is a parallelogram.

Answer:
If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.
AD // BC since ∠ADB ≅∠CBD
CD // AB
∠ABD ≅∠CDB they are also alternate-interior angles and are congruent
Because they lie on parallel lines cut by a transversal

m∠ABD = m∠CDB Congruent angles have equal measures

3x = 27 Substitution

Divide both side by 3 to cancel the coefficient of x

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 x=9 Hence the value of x should be 9.

What’s More
Read and analyze the problem statement and answer each carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer
in your notebook.

1. Mr. Sarte’s garden has 4 equal sides. It has 2 pairs of parallel sides and there are no right angles. Choose the
most precise name for the shape of Mr. Sarte’s garden.
a. trapezoid b. square c. Parallelogram d. Rhombus
2. Which of the following conditions below determines that the figure at the right that is a parallelogram?
a. x = 30, ABCD is a parallelogram
b. x = 6, ABCD is not a parallelogram
c. x = 30, ABCD is not a parallelogram
d. x = 15, ABCD is a parallelogram
3. Determine the value of x for which EFGH is a parallelogram.

a. 60 c. 15
b. 5 d. 10

4. Figure JKLM is a parallelogram. Find m J.

a. 140° C. 20°
b. 40° d. 100°

5. RSTU is a square. The diagonals intersect at V. Find m SRV and justify your answer.

a. 90° because all angles of a square are 90°.

b. 90° because diagonals of a square are perpendicular .
c. 45° because diagonals of a square bisect the angles .
d. 180° because consecutive angles are supplementary.

Assessment

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A quadrilateral is NOT a parallelogram if and only if
A. the diagonals bisect each other.
B. the opposite angles are congruent.
C. two consecutive angles are supplementary.
D. the non-opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
2. Which of the following is sufficient to guarantee that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?
A. The diagonals are perpendicular.
B. A pair of adjacent sides are congruent.
C. Two consecutive angles are congruent.

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 D. The diagonals bisect each other.
3. How do you describe any two opposite angles in a parallelogram?

4. What can you say about any two consecutive angles in a parallelogram?

5. Which of the following conditions is NOT sufficient to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

6. What is the length of the longer diagonal in parallelogram

FAST.

A. 8 C. 46
B. 31 D. 52

7. □ABCD is a rectangle. If diagonal AC = 2x + 6 and diagonal BD = 10, what is x?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

8. □ ABCD is a rhombus. If m DCA = (2(x+8))° and m BCA = (3x + 9)°, what is m DCB?
A. 40° C. 60°
B. 50° D. 70°

9. □ ABCD is a square. If m ABD = (3(x + 10))°, what is the value of x?

A. 1 C. 5
B. 3 D.7

10. □ABCD is a rhombus. Diagonals and intersect

each other at E.
If m ABC = 120° and m ABD = 3(x + 10), what is the measure of
CBD ?

A. 22.5° B. 60°
C. 120° D. 97.5°
and

11. □ABCD is a rhombus. Diagonals intersect at E. What is m

AED?
A. 30° C. 45°
B. 60° D. 90°

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12. What values of x and y guarantee that ABCD is a parallelogram
A. x = 64, y = 116 C. x = 64, y = 64
B. x = 116, y = 64 D. x = 26, y = 64

13. Find the value of x for which ABCD is a parallelogram.

A. 10 C. 30 B.
20 D. 4

14. Find the value of x for which □ABCD is a parallelogram.

A. 8 C. $
B. 6 D. 2

15. □LOVE is a parallelogram. If m L= (x+15)° and m V=

(2x+5)°, what is m L ?
A. 10° B. 155° C. 25° D. 65°

In the parallelogram given below, find the values of x and y. Show your solution.

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